nginx启动命令和默认配置文件解析

常见命令

# 默认配置文件启动
./nginx
# 停止
./nginx -s stop
# 重启，加载默认配置文件  
./nginx -s reload
# 启动指定某个配置文件
./nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

nginx.conf配置文件

#user  nobody;					# 指定Nginx worker进程运行以及用户组
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;		# 错误日志的存放路径
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;		# 进程pid存放路径

# 事件模块指令，用来指定Nginx的IO模型，Nginx支持的有select、poll、kqueue、epoll等。不同的是epoll用在Linux平台上，而kqueue用在BSD系统中，对于Linux系统，epoll工作模式是首选
events {
	use epoll;
	# 定义Nginx每个进程的最大连接数，作为服务器来说：worker_connections * worker_processes；作为反向代理来说，最大并发数量为：worker_connections * worker_processes / 2，因为反向代理服务器，每个并发会建立与客户端的连接和与后端服务的连接，会占用两个连接
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

	# 自定义服务日志
    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

	# 是否开启高效传输模式 on开启 off关闭
    sendfile        on;
    # 减少网络报文段的数量
    #tcp_nopush     on;
	
	# 客户端连接超时时间
    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;
	
	# 虚拟主机的配置
    server {
        listen       80;		# 虚拟主机的服务端口
        server_name  localhost;	# 用来指定IP地址或域名，多个域名之间用空格分开

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

		# URL地址匹配
        location / {
            root   html;					# 服务默认启动目录
            index  index.html index.htm;	# 默认访问文件，按照顺序找
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;	# 错误状态码的显示页面

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

location匹配规则

• 正则
  • ^：开始符号
  • $：结束符号
• location路径匹配
  • location = /uri：=表示精准匹配，只有完全匹配上才能生效
  • location /uri：不带任何修饰符，表示前缀匹配
  • location ^~ /uri：匹配任何以/uri开头的匹配到就停止搜索
  • location /：通用匹配
• 正则匹配
  • 区分大小写匹配：~
  • 不区分大小写匹配：~*

图片服务器

server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  localhost a.com;

    location / {
        root   html;
        index  index.html index.htm;
    }
    location /img {
        alias /usr/local/img/;
    }
}

• 注意
  • 在location / 中配置root目录
  • 在location /path 中配置alias虚拟目录，目录后面的"/"符号一定要带上