SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ消息队列

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-01 13:11:26 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-06-01 13:11:26 发布

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文章标签： rabbitmq 分布式

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/2302_76812487/article/details/136443709

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有道云:有道云笔记

spingboot3.0系列示例代码采用3.1.0版本，jdk版本使用17+

应用场景

解耦和削峰：中间层解耦生产者和消费者，并通过消息队列缓存削峰。
异步处理：不立刻返回结果，通过回调异步处理消息。
应用解耦：服务之间通过传递消息解耦，提高系统可扩展性。
日志处理：大量日志通过消息队列异步处理。
广播机制：向多个消费者同时推送消息实现广播。
数据分发：将消息路由到不同的队列实现对数据的分发。

整合Rabbitmq

工程代码

1.引入pom依赖

<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency>  <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <optional>true</optional> </dependency>

2.配置文件

spring.application.name: springboot3-rabbitmq # 配置rabbitmq # 主机ip，修改成实际rabbitmq配置 spring.rabbitmq.host=127.0.0.1 # 端口，修改成实际rabbitmq配置 spring.rabbitmq.port= # 用户名，修改成实际rabbitmq配置 spring.rabbitmq.username=guest # 用户密码，修改成实际rabbitmq配置 spring.rabbitmq.password=guest logging.level.com.lfz.rabbitmq

3.直接交换配置

（1）定义DirectConfig【直接交换机配置】 com.lfz.rabbitmq.config.DirectConfig.java

创建两个direct模式队列： directQueue_A、directQueue_B。

绑定交换器： directExchange。

路由键对应： 1.directQueue_A--->directRouting1

2.directQueue_B--->directRouting2

package com.lfz.rabbitmq.config; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding; import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder; import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; @Configuration public class DirectConfig { /** * 队列名称：directQueue_A * * @return */ @Bean public Queue directQueue_A() { // durable: 是否持久化，默认是false。持久化队列：会被存储在磁盘上，当消息代理重启时仍然存在 // exclusive: 默认也是false，只能被当前创建的连接使用，而且当连接关闭后队列即被删除。此参考优先级高于durable // autoDelete: 是否自动删除，当没有生产者或者消费者使用此队列，该队列会自动删除。 // 一般设置一下队列的持久化就好，其余两个就是默认false return new Queue("directQueue_A", true); } /** * 队列名称：directQueue_B * * @return */ @Bean public Queue directQueue_B() { return new Queue("directQueue_B", true); } /** * Direct直接交换机名称：directExchange * * @return */ @Bean public DirectExchange directExchange() { return new DirectExchange("directExchange", true, false); } /** * 将队列和交换机绑定, 并设置匹配路由键：directRouting * * @return */ @Bean public Binding bindingDirectExchange_A() { return BindingBuilder.bind(directQueue_A()).to(directExchange()).with("directRouting1"); } /** * 将队列和交换机绑定, 并设置匹配路由键：directRouting * * @return */ @Bean public Binding bindingDirectExchange_B() { return BindingBuilder.bind(directQueue_B()).to(directExchange()).with("directRouting2"); } }

（2）创建DirectReceiver消息消费者类【直接交换机消息消费者类】 com.lfz.rabbitmq.receiver.DirectReceiver.java

package com.lfz.rabbitmq.receiver; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Slf4j @Component public class DirectReceiver { /** * 消费者监听，绑定交换机、队列、路由键 */ @RabbitListener(bindings = { @QueueBinding( exchange = @Exchange(value = "directExchange"), value = @Queue(value = "directQueue_A"), key = "directRoutingA" ) }) public void receiveDirectMsg1(String message) { //接收消息message log.info("Direct【直接交换机】模式（队列A）消费者收到消息: " + message); } /** * 消费者监听，绑定交换机、队列、路由键 */ @RabbitListener(bindings = { @QueueBinding( exchange = @Exchange(value = "directExchange"), value = @Queue(value = "directQueue_B"), key = "directRoutingB" ) }) public void receiveDirectMsg2(String message) { //接收消息message log.info("Direct【直接交换机】模式（队列B）消费者收到消息: " + message); } }

（3）创建Rabbitmq消息生产者Controller类【所有交换机统一测试控制器】 com.lfz.rabbitmq.controller.RabbitmqController

package com.lfz.rabbitmq.controller; import jakarta.annotation.Resource; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestController public class RabbitmqController { @Resource RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; @GetMapping("/sendDirectMessage") public String sendDirectMessage() { for (int i=0;i<=100;i++) { rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("directExchange", "directRouting1", "测试直接交换机，[第"+i+"次]，发送至队列A"); rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("directExchange", "directRouting2", "测试直接交换机，[第"+i+"次]，发送至队列B"); } return "ok"; } }

（4）启动主类，测试运行 localhost:8080/sendDirectMessage

路由键与对应队列一一匹配。

4.主题交换机配置

（1）定义TopicConfig【主题交换机配置】 com.lfz.rabbitmq.config.TopicConfig.java

（2）创建TopicReceiver消息消费者类【主题交换机消息消费者类】 com.lfz.rabbitmq.receiver.TopicReceiver.java

package com.lfz.rabbitmq.receiver; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Slf4j @Component public class TopicReceiver { /** * 消费者监听，绑定队列 */ @RabbitListener(queues = "topQueue_A") public void receiveTopicFirstMsg(String message) { //接收消息message log.info("Topic模式(topQueue_A)消费者收到消息: " + message.toString()); } /** * 消费者监听，绑定队列 */ @RabbitListener(queues = "topQueue_B") public void receiveTopicSecondMsg(String message) { //接收消息message log.info("Topic模式(topQueue_B)消费者收到消息: " + message.toString()); } }

（3）Rabbitmq消息生产者Controller类,添加测试方法【所有交换机统一测试控制器】 com.lfz.rabbitmq.controller.RabbitmqController

@GetMapping("/sendTopicFirstMessage") public String sendTopicFirstMessage() { rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("topicExchange", "topic.first", "测试直接交换机,发送至队列"); return "ok"; } @GetMapping("/sendTopicSecondMessage") public String sendTopicSecondMessage() { rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("topicExchange", "topic.second", "测试直接交换机,发送至队列"); return "ok"; }

（4）启动主类，

1. 测试运行 localhost:8080/sendTopicFirstMessage

1. 测试运行 localhost:8080/sendTopicSecondMessage

调用sendTopicFirstMessage消息会由 Exchange 同时转发到两个队列，

而调用 sendTopicSecondMessage则只会转发至 topQueue_B队列

5.广播交换机配置

（1）定义FanoutConfig【广播交换机配置】 com.lfz.rabbitmq.config.FanoutConfig.java

package com.lfz.rabbitmq.config; import org.springframework.amqp.core.*; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; @Configuration public class FanoutConfig { @Bean public Queue fanoutQueue_A() { return new Queue("fanoutQueue_A", true); } @Bean public Queue fanoutQueue_B() { return new Queue("fanoutQueue_B", true); } @Bean public FanoutExchange fanoutExchange() { return new FanoutExchange("fanoutExchange", true, false); } @Bean public Binding bindingFanoutFirstExchange() { return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueue_A()).to(fanoutExchange()); } @Bean public Binding bindingFanoutSecondExchange() { return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueue_B()).to(fanoutExchange()); } }

（2）创建FanoutReceiver消息消费者类【广播交换机消息消费者类】 com.lfz.rabbitmq.receiver.FanoutReceiver.java

package com.lfz.rabbitmq.receiver; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Slf4j @Component public class FanoutReceiver { /** * 消费者监听，绑定队列 */ @RabbitListener(queues = "fanoutQueue_A") public void receiveFanoutFirstMsg(String message) { //接收消息message log.info("Fanout模式(fanoutQueue_A)消费者收到消息: " + message); } /** * 消费者监听，绑定队列 */ @RabbitListener(queues = "fanoutQueue_B") public void receiveFanoutSecondMsg(String message) { //接收消息message log.info("Fanout模式(fanoutQueue_B)消费者收到消息: " + message); } }

（3）Rabbitmq消息生产者Controller类,添加测试方法【所有交换机统一测试控制器】 com.lfz.rabbitmq.controller.RabbitmqController

@GetMapping("/sendFanoutMessage") public String sendFanoutMessage() { rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("fanoutExchange", "fanout.send", "测试广播交换机，发送至队列"); return "ok"; }

（4）启动主类，测试运行 localhost:8080/sendFanoutMessage

测试结果为绑定到 fanout 交换机上面的队列都收到了消息。

源码：Bigger/RabbitMQ

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SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ消息队列

/** * 将队列和交换机绑定, 并设置匹配路由键：directRouting * * @return */ @Bean public Binding bindingDirectExchange_A() { return BindingBuilder.bind(directQueue_A()).to(directExchange()).with("directRouting1");
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