SpringMVC简单分析工作流程
xml配置文件开发
首先配置web.xml , 注册DispatcherServlet
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<!--注册DispatcherServlet-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
配置springxml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--使用springMVC必须配置的三大件:处理器映射器、处理器适配器、视图解析器-->
<!--处理器映射器-->
<!--HandlerMapping为处理器映射。DispatcherServlet调用HandlerMapping,HandlerMapping根据请求url查找Handler-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
<!--HandlerAdapter表示处理器适配器,其按照特定的规则去执行Handler。-->
<!--处理器适配器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/>
<!--handler让具体的Controller执行-->
<bean id="/hello" class="com.controller.HellowController"/>
<!--视图解析器:DispatcherServlet调用视图解析器(ViewResolver)来解析HandlerAdapter传递的逻辑视图名-->
<!--
1.获取modelandview的数据
2.解析modelandview的视图名字
3.拼接视图名字,找到对应的视图
4.将数据渲染到视图上
-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
编写控制器
public class HellowController implements Controller {
@Override
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
//ModelAndView 模型和视图
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
//封装对象,放在ModelAndView中。Model
mv.addObject("msg","HelloSpringMVC!");
//封装要跳转的视图,放在ModelAndView中
mv.setViewName("hello");
//跳转
return mv;
}
}
单次请求过程:
HandlerMapping为处理器映射,DispatcherServlet调用HandlerMapping,HandlerMapping根据请求url查找Handler;HandlerAdapter表示处理器适配器,其按照特定的规则去执行Handler;DispatcherServlet调用视图解析器(ViewResolver)来解析HandlerAdapter传递的逻辑视图名,获取modelandview的数据,解析modelandview的视图名字,拼接视图名字找到对应的视图,将数据渲染到视图上
注解开发
同样先注册DispatcherServlet
<web-app>
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--通过初始化参数指定SpringMVC配置文件的位置,进行关联-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!--启动级别,数字越小级别越高-->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
配置springxml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!--注解支持-->
<context:annotation-config/>
<!--管理该包下的bean-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.controller"/>
<!--使用mvc需要加约束-->
<!-- 让Spring MVC不处理静态资源 -->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler />
<!--完成处理器映射器和处理器适配器的配置-->
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<!--配置视图解析器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
控制器
@Controller
public class HellowController
{
@RequestMapping("/hello")//处理该请求
public String helloHandle(Model model)
{
//存储数据在模型中,可以在页面取出进行渲染
model.addAttribute("msg","hellowmvc");
//跳转
return "hello";
}
}
总结:
springmvc启动服务器的初始化过程:
1.根据配置文件加载Web应用上下文容器:服务器启动时,执行ServletContainersInitConfig类初始化web应用上下文容器,容器会加载web.xml文件,并根据配置找到DispatcherServlet的相关配置;
2.创建并初始化DispatcherServlet:容器会创建DispatcherServlet实例,并执行其初始化方法init(),这个方法中将会初始化HandlerMapping(请求映射处理器)、HandlerAdapter(请求处理适配器)、HandlerInterceptor(请求拦截器)等;
3.加载spring应用上下文容器:DispatcherServlet会加载一个或多个Spring应用上下文;
4.注册HandlerMapping、HandlerAdapter:如果spring应用上下文容器已经注册了处理器和适配器的bean实例,那加载spring应用上下文容器后就已经完成注册了,如果没有在spring中显示的配置处理器和适配器,那么springmvc框架会自动为你注册默认的HandlerMapping和HandlerAdapter;
5.启动服务器:完成初始化过程后,服务器开始接受客户端请求,并将请求交给DispatcherServlet进行分发处理;