Linux作业

1、查看/etc/passwd文件的第18-20行内容，并将找到的内容存储至/home/passwd文件中（head，tail，>,>>）
[root@rhcsa ~]# cat -n  /etc/passwd | head -20 | tail -3
    18	tss:x:59:59:Account used for TPM access:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin
    19	colord:x:997:993:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin
    20	clevis:x:996:992:Clevis Decryption Framework unprivileged user:/var/cache/clevis:/usr/sbin/nologin
[root@rhcsa ~]# cat -n  /etc/passwd | head -20 | tail -3 >> /root/passwd
[root@rhcsa ~]# cat /root/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:65534:65534:Kernel Overflow User:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-coredump:x:999:997:systemd Core Dumper:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:998:996:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin
tss:x:59:59:Account used for TPM access:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin
colord:x:997:993:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin
clevis:x:996:992:Clevis Decryption Framework unprivileged user:/var/cache/clevis:/usr/sbin/nologin
rtkit:x:172:172:RealtimeKit:/proc:/sbin/nologin
sssd:x:995:991:User for sssd:/:/sbin/nologin
geoclue:x:994:990:User for geoclue:/var/lib/geoclue:/sbin/nologin
libstoragemgmt:x:988:988:daemon account for libstoragemgmt:/:/usr/sbin/nologin
systemd-oom:x:987:987:systemd Userspace OOM Killer:/:/usr/sbin/nologin
setroubleshoot:x:986:986:SELinux troubleshoot server:/var/lib/setroubleshoot:/sbin/nologin
pipewire:x:985:984:PipeWire System Daemon:/var/run/pipewire:/sbin/nologin
flatpak:x:984:983:User for flatpak system helper:/:/sbin/nologin
gdm:x:42:42::/var/lib/gdm:/sbin/nologin
cockpit-ws:x:983:982:User for cockpit web service:/nonexisting:/sbin/nologin
cockpit-wsinstance:x:982:981:User for cockpit-ws instances:/nonexisting:/sbin/nologin
gnome-initial-setup:x:981:980::/run/gnome-initial-setup/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/usr/share/empty.sshd:/sbin/nologin
chrony:x:980:979:chrony system user:/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin
dnsmasq:x:979:978:Dnsmasq DHCP and DNS server:/var/lib/dnsmasq:/sbin/nologin
tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin
a:x:1000:1000:a:/home/a:/bin/bash
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
    18	tss:x:59:59:Account used for TPM access:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin
    19	colord:x:997:993:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin
    20	clevis:x:996:992:Clevis Decryption Framework unprivileged user:/var/cache/clevis:/usr/sbin/nologin

2、查找/etc/passwd文件中包含root字符的行并将找到的行存储至/root/passwd文件中（grep，>,>>）
[root@rhcsa ~]# grep root /etc/passwd >> /root/passwd
[root@rhcsa ~]# cat /root/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:65534:65534:Kernel Overflow User:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-coredump:x:999:997:systemd Core Dumper:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:998:996:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin
tss:x:59:59:Account used for TPM access:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin
colord:x:997:993:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin
clevis:x:996:992:Clevis Decryption Framework unprivileged user:/var/cache/clevis:/usr/sbin/nologin
rtkit:x:172:172:RealtimeKit:/proc:/sbin/nologin
sssd:x:995:991:User for sssd:/:/sbin/nologin
geoclue:x:994:990:User for geoclue:/var/lib/geoclue:/sbin/nologin
libstoragemgmt:x:988:988:daemon account for libstoragemgmt:/:/usr/sbin/nologin
systemd-oom:x:987:987:systemd Userspace OOM Killer:/:/usr/sbin/nologin
setroubleshoot:x:986:986:SELinux troubleshoot server:/var/lib/setroubleshoot:/sbin/nologin
pipewire:x:985:984:PipeWire System Daemon:/var/run/pipewire:/sbin/nologin
flatpak:x:984:983:User for flatpak system helper:/:/sbin/nologin
gdm:x:42:42::/var/lib/gdm:/sbin/nologin
cockpit-ws:x:983:982:User for cockpit web service:/nonexisting:/sbin/nologin
cockpit-wsinstance:x:982:981:User for cockpit-ws instances:/nonexisting:/sbin/nologin
gnome-initial-setup:x:981:980::/run/gnome-initial-setup/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/usr/share/empty.sshd:/sbin/nologin
chrony:x:980:979:chrony system user:/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin
dnsmasq:x:979:978:Dnsmasq DHCP and DNS server:/var/lib/dnsmasq:/sbin/nologin
tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin
a:x:1000:1000:a:/home/a:/bin/bash
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
    18	tss:x:59:59:Account used for TPM access:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin
    19	colord:x:997:993:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin
    20	clevis:x:996:992:Clevis Decryption Framework unprivileged user:/var/cache/clevis:/usr/sbin/nologin
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin

3、将/home目录复制到/root目录（cp -r）
[root@rhcsa ~]cp -r /home /root
4、将/root/home目录，/home/passwd和/root/passwd打包并压缩为/root/hp.tar.xz（tar  -cJf）
[root@rhcsa ~]# tree /root
/root
├── anaconda-ks.cfg
├── dir1
│   └── file2
├── dir2
├── file1
├── head
├── home
│   ├── a
│   │   ├── Desktop
│   │   ├── Documents
│   │   ├── Downloads
│   │   ├── Music
│   │   ├── Pictures
│   │   ├── Public
│   │   ├── Templates
│   │   └── Videos
│   ├── file1
│   ├── filel
│   └── passwd
├── hp.tar
├── passwd
└── tail

5、创建组admin-group，添加用户admin属于admin-group组（groupadd，useradd -g -G）
[root@rhcsa ~]# groupadd admin-group
[root@rhcsa ~]# useradd admin -g admin-group
[root@rhcsa ~]# id admin
uid=1001(admin) gid=1001(admin-group) groups=1001(admin-group)

6、为admin账号设置密码为123（passwd）

1、创建一个3G大小的分区，并格式化为xfs的文件系统类型，将/etc/passwd文件复制到该分区
先查看自己的磁盘，能否分3G，如果当前磁盘空间已使用完，则添加新磁盘
[root@rhcsa ~]# lsblk
NAME          MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sr0            11:0    1  8.9G  0 rom  /run/media/a/RHEL-9-2-0-BaseOS-x86_64
nvme0n1       259:0    0   20G  0 disk 
├─nvme0n1p1   259:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─nvme0n1p2   259:2    0   19G  0 part 
  ├─rhel-root 253:0    0   17G  0 lvm  /
  └─rhel-swap 253:1    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
nvme0n2       259:3    0    3G  0 disk 
[root@rhcsa ~]# fdisk /dev/nvme0n2

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.37.4).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x46f9dd14.


Command (m for help): m

Help:

  DOS (MBR)
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit nested BSD disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag

  Generic
   d   delete a partition
   F   list free unpartitioned space
   l   list known partition types
   n   add a new partition
   p   print the partition table
   t   change a partition type
   v   verify the partition table
   i   print information about a partition

  Misc
   m   print this menu
   u   change display/entry units
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

  Script
   I   load disk layout from sfdisk script file
   O   dump disk layout to sfdisk script file

  Save & Exit
   w   write table to disk and exit
   q   quit without saving changes

  Create a new label
   g   create a new empty GPT partition table
   G   create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition table
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   s   create a new empty Sun partition table



Disk identifier: 0x46f9dd14

Command (m for help): n
Partition type
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 
First sector (2048-6291455, default 2048): 
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-6291455, default 6291455): 

Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 3 GiB.

Command (m for help): q
[root@rhcsa ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/nvme0n2p1
meta-data=/dev/nvme0n2p1         isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=196544 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
         =                       reflink=1    bigtime=1 inobtcount=1
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=786176, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0


2、安装httpd软件包，并让该程序开机自启动，关闭防火墙服务
[root@rhcsa ~]#vim /etc/yum.repos.d/wangluo.rep
[root@rhcsa ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/wangluo.repo
[wangluo-app]
name=wanluo-app
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos-stream/9-stream/AppStream/x86_64/os/
gpgcheck=0
[wangluo-base]
name=wangluo-base
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos-stream/9-stream/BaseOS/x86_64/os/
gpgcheck=

[root@rhcsa ~]# yum install httpd -y
[root@rhcsa ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd
[root@rhcsa ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld