头文件:string.h
1.strchr
const char * strchr ( const char * str, int character );
Locate first occurrence of character in string
str
C string.
character
Character to be located.
Return Value
A pointer to the first occurrence of
character
in
str
.
If the character is not found, the function returns a null pointer.
2.strlen
function
<cstring>
strlen
size_t strlen ( const char * str );
Get string length
Return Value
Returns the length of the C string str.
3.strcmp
char * strcpy ( char * destination, const char * source );
Copy string
Parameters
destination
Pointer to the destination array where the content is to be copied.
source
C string to be copied.
Return Value
destination
is returned.
4.strcat
char * strcat ( char * destination, const char * source );
Concatenate strings //追加字符串
Parameters
destination
Pointer to the destination array, which should contain a C string, and be large enough to contain the concatenated resulting string.
source
C string to be appended. This should not overlap destination.
Return Value
destination
is returned.
注:
源字符串必须以 '\0' 结束。
目标空间必须有足够的大,能容纳下源字符串的内容。
目标空间必须可修改。
5.strcmp
int strcmp ( const char * str1, const char * str2 );
Compare two strings
Parameters
str1
C string to be compared.
str2
C string to be compared.
Return Value
Returns an integral value indicating the relationship between the strings:
return value
|
indicates
|
<0
|
the first character that does not match has a lower value in
ptr1 than in
ptr2
|
0
|
the contents of both strings are equal
|
>0
|
the first character that does not match has a greater value in
ptr1 than in
ptr2
|
6.strncpy :长度限制为num字节
char * strncpy ( char * destination, const char * source, size_t num );
Copy characters from string
7.strncat :追加长度为n字节
char *
strncat
(
char *
destination
,
const
char *
source
,
size_t
num
);
8.strncmp :比较个数为n字节
9.strstr :查找子串
char *
strstr
(
const
char *
str1
,
const
char *
str2
);
Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of str2 !!!in str1!!!, or a null pointer if str2 is not part of str1.
注意:返回的是在str1中的指针
10.strtok:截断字符串、存在记忆功能
char *
strtok
(
char *
str
,
const
char *
sep
);
1.sep
参数是个字符串,定义了用作分隔符的字符集合
2.第一个参数指定一个字符串,它包含了
0
个或者多个由
sep
字符串中一个或者多个分隔符分割的标
记。
3.
strtok
函数找到
str
中的下一个标记,并将其用
\0
结尾,返回一个指向这个标记的指针。(注:
strtok
函数会改变被操作的字符串,所以在使用
strtok
函数切分的字符串一般都是 !!!
临时拷贝
!!! 的内容
并且可修改。)
4.
strtok
函数的第一个参数不为
NULL
,函数将找到
str
中第一个标记,
strtok
函数将保存它在字符串
中的位置,作为一个标记。
5
.
strtok
函数的第一个参数为
NULL
,函数将在同一个字符串中被保存的位置开始,查找下一个标
记。
11.strerror
char *
strerror
(
int
errnum
);
返回错误码所对应的错误信息。(只是返回,不打印)
常结合errno这个全局变量使用(头文件为errno.h)
errno记录着错误码
12.perror:打印错误码对应的错误信息
#include
<stdio.h>
#include
<errno.h>
int main() {
FILE* file = fopen(
"none.txt",
"r");
if (file ==
NULL) {
perror(
"Error");
//打印为:Error: No such file or directory //自动换行
perror(
"Error fopen");
//打印为:Error fopen: No such file or directory
return 1;
}
return 0;
}