Open Flow协议实践分析

一、实验目的

1.能够运用 wireshark 对 OpenFlow 协议数据交互过程进行抓包；

2.能够借助包解析工具，分析与解释 OpenFlow协议的数据包交互过程与机制。

二、实验环境

1.下载虚拟机软件Oracle VisualBox；

2.在虚拟机中安装Ubuntu 20.04 Desktop amd64，并完整安装Mininet；

三、实验要求

（一）基本要求

1.搭建下图所示拓扑，完成相关 IP 配置，并实现主机与主机之间的 IP 通信。用抓包软件获取控制器与交换机之间的通信数据包。

• 配置网段
• 配置IP地址
• 保存为py文件

• 2.查看抓包结果，分析OpenFlow协议中交换机与控制器的消息交互过程

• （1）Hello

• 

• 

• （2）Features Request / Set Conig

• 

• （3）Port_Status

• （4）Features Reply

• 

• （5）Packet_in

• （6）Flow_mod

• （7）Packet_out

• （8）交互图

• 

• 如图所示为（Transmission Control Protocol）TCP协议

  (二)进阶要求

  1.将抓包结果对照OpenFlow源码，了解OpenFlow主要消息类型对应的数据结构定义。

  (1)Hello

• struct ofp_header {

      uint8_t version;    /* OFP_VERSION. */

      uint8_t type;       /* One of the OFPT_ constants. */

      uint16_t length;    /* Length including this ofp_header. */

      uint32_t xid;       /* Transaction id associated with this packet.

                             Replies use the same id as was in the request

                             to facilitate pairing. */

  };/* OFPT_HELLO.  This message has an empty body, but implementations must

   * ignore any data included in the body, to allow for future extensions. */struct ofp_hello {

      struct ofp_header header;

  };

• 

• （2）Features Request
• （3）Set Conig

• /* Switch configuration. */struct ofp_switch_config {

      struct ofp_header header;

      uint16_t flags;             /* OFPC_* flags. */

      uint16_t miss_send_len;     /* Max bytes of new flow that datapath should

                                     send to the controller. */

  };

• 

  (4)Port_Status

  /* A physical port has changed in the datapath */struct ofp_port_status {

      struct ofp_header header;

      uint8_t reason;          /* One of OFPPR_*. */

      uint8_t pad[7];          /* Align to 64-bits. */

      struct ofp_phy_port desc;

  };

• 

  (5)Features Reply

  /* Description of a physical port */struct ofp_phy_port {

      uint16_t port_no;

      uint8_t hw_addr[OFP_ETH_ALEN];

      char name[OFP_MAX_PORT_NAME_LEN]; /* Null-terminated */

      uint32_t config;        /* Bitmap of OFPPC_* flags. */

      uint32_t state;         /* Bitmap of OFPPS_* flags. */

      /* Bitmaps of OFPPF_* that describe features.  All bits zeroed if

       * unsupported or unavailable. */

      uint32_t curr;          /* Current features. */

      uint32_t advertised;    /* Features being advertised by the port. */

      uint32_t supported;     /* Features supported by the port. */

      uint32_t peer;          /* Features advertised by peer. */

  };/* Switch features. */struct ofp_switch_features {

      struct ofp_header header;

      uint64_t datapath_id;   /* Datapath unique ID.  The lower 48-bits are for

                                 a MAC address, while the upper 16-bits are

                                 implementer-defined. */

      uint32_t n_buffers;     /* Max packets buffered at once. */

      uint8_t n_tables;       /* Number of tables supported by datapath. */

      uint8_t pad[3];         /* Align to 64-bits. */

      /* Features. */

      uint32_t capabilities;  /* Bitmap of support "ofp_capabilities". */

      uint32_t actions;       /* Bitmap of supported "ofp_action_type"s. */

      /* Port info.*/

      struct ofp_phy_port ports[0];  /* Port definitions.  The number of ports

                                        is inferred from the length field in

                                        the header. */

  };

• 

  (6)Packet_in

  /* Why is this packet being sent to the controller? */enum ofp_packet_in_reason {

      OFPR_NO_MATCH,          /* No matching flow. */

      OFPR_ACTION             /* Action explicitly output to controller. */

  };

  /* Packet received on port (datapath -> controller). */struct ofp_packet_in {

      struct ofp_header header;

      uint32_t buffer_id;     /* ID assigned by datapath. */

      uint16_t total_len;     /* Full length of frame. */

      uint16_t in_port;       /* Port on which frame was received. */

      uint8_t reason;         /* Reason packet is being sent (one of OFPR_*) */

      uint8_t pad;

      uint8_t data[0];        /* Ethernet frame, halfway through 32-bit word,

                                 so the IP header is 32-bit aligned.  The

                                 amount of data is inferred from the length

                                 field in the header.  Because of padding,

                                 offsetof(struct ofp_packet_in, data) ==

                                 sizeof(struct ofp_packet_in) - 2. */

  };

• 

  (7)Flow_mod

  /* Fields to match against flows */struct ofp_match {

      uint32_t wildcards;        /* Wildcard fields. */

      uint16_t in_port;          /* Input switch port. */

      uint8_t dl_src[OFP_ETH_ALEN]; /* Ethernet source address. */

      uint8_t dl_dst[OFP_ETH_ALEN]; /* Ethernet destination address. */

      uint16_t dl_vlan;          /* Input VLAN id. */

      uint8_t dl_vlan_pcp;       /* Input VLAN priority. */

      uint8_t pad1[1];           /* Align to 64-bits */

      uint16_t dl_type;          /* Ethernet frame type. */

      uint8_t nw_tos;            /* IP ToS (actually DSCP field, 6 bits). */

      uint8_t nw_proto;          /* IP protocol or lower 8 bits of

                                  * ARP opcode. */

      uint8_t pad2[2];           /* Align to 64-bits */

      uint32_t nw_src;           /* IP source address. */

      uint32_t nw_dst;           /* IP destination address. */

      uint16_t tp_src;           /* TCP/UDP source port. */

      uint16_t tp_dst;           /* TCP/UDP destination port. */

  };/* Flow setup and teardown (controller -> datapath). */struct ofp_flow_mod {

      struct ofp_header header;

      struct ofp_match match;      /* Fields to match */

      uint64_t cookie;             /* Opaque controller-issued identifier. */

      /* Flow actions. */

      uint16_t command;             /* One of OFPFC_*. */

      uint16_t idle_timeout;        /* Idle time before discarding (seconds). */

      uint16_t hard_timeout;        /* Max time before discarding (seconds). */

      uint16_t priority;            /* Priority level of flow entry. */

      uint32_t buffer_id;           /* Buffered packet to apply to (or -1).

                                       Not meaningful for OFPFC_DELETE*. */

      uint16_t out_port;            /* For OFPFC_DELETE* commands, require

                                       matching entries to include this as an

                                       output port.  A value of OFPP_NONE

                                       indicates no restriction. */

      uint16_t flags;               /* One of OFPFF_*. */

      struct ofp_action_header actions[0]; /* The action length is inferred

                                              from the length field in the

                                              header. */

  };

• 

  (8)Packet_out

  /* Action header that is common to all actions.  The length includes the

   * header and any padding used to make the action 64-bit aligned.

   * NB: The length of an action *must* always be a multiple of eight. */struct ofp_action_header {

      uint16_t type;                  /* One of OFPAT_*. */

      uint16_t len;                   /* Length of action, including this

                                         header.  This is the length of action,

                                         including any padding to make it

                                         64-bit aligned. */

      uint8_t pad[4];

  };OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct ofp_action_header) == 8);

  /* Send packet (controller -> datapath). */struct ofp_packet_out {

      struct ofp_header header;

      uint32_t buffer_id;           /* ID assigned by datapath (-1 if none). */

      uint16_t in_port;             /* Packet's input port (OFPP_NONE if none). */

      uint16_t actions_len;         /* Size of action array in bytes. */

      struct ofp_action_header actions[0]; /* Actions. */

      /* uint8_t data[0]; */        /* Packet data.  The length is inferred

                                       from the length field in the header.

                                       (Only meaningful if buffer_id == -1.) */

  };

• 

• 四．心得体会

  本次实验我们通过抓取数据包、分析数据包学习了OpenFlow协议下控制器和交换机的交互过程。需要我们搭建好拓扑、修改好网段及IP地址，再进行抓包即可，通过wireshark我们捕获所有数据包，后续通过设置过滤规则进行数据包的过滤，查看每一个OpenFlow数据包的源端口、目的端口、类型和相关字段。进阶要求中通过数据包字段和源码的比较让我更进一步了解与掌握了OpenFlow协议。这次试验进一步学习了wireshark的使用，对wireshark的各项功能有了更加深刻的理解。其次也认识到了拓扑建立过程中所用到的协议，以及OpenFlow协议的数据交互的机制。有了这些理论知识的铺垫，我认为我能够在接下来的实践过程中游刃有余地完成任务。