目录
一、标准流
标准流也叫文档流,指的是标签在页面中默认的排布规则,例如:块元素独占一行,行内元素可以一行显示多个。
二、浮动
1.浮动
(1)作用:让块元素水平排列。
(2)属性名: float
(3)属性值 : left:左对齐 right:右对齐
(4)特点:
- 浮动后的盒子顶对齐
- 浮动后的盒子具备行内块特点
- 浮动后的盒子脱标,不占用标准流的位置
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>浮动-基本使用</title>
<style>
/* 特点:顶对齐;具备行内块显示模式特点;浮动的盒子会脱标 */
.one {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color: brown;
float: left;
}
.two {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
background-color: orange;
float: right;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="one">one</div>
<div class="two">two</div>
</body>
</html>
效果图:
2. 浮动 – 产品区域布局
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>浮动-产品布局</title>
<style>
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
li {
list-style: none;
}
.product {
margin: 50px auto;
width: 1226px;
height: 628px;
background-color: pink;
}
.left {
float: left;
width: 234px;
height: 628px;
background-color: skyblue;
}
.right {
float: right;
width: 978px;
height: 628px;
background-color: brown;
}
.right li {
float: left;
margin-right: 14px;
margin-bottom: 14px;
width: 234px;
height: 300px;
background-color: orange;
}
/* 第四个li和第八个li 去掉右侧的margin */
.right li:nth-child(4n) {
margin-right: 0;
}
/* 细节:如果父级宽度不够,浮动的盒子会掉下来 */
</style>
</head>
<body>
<!-- 版心:左右,右面:8个产品 → 8个 li -->
<div class="product">
<div class="left"></div>
<div class="right">
<ul>
<li></li>
<li></li>
<li></li>
<li></li>
<li></li>
<li></li>
<li></li>
<li></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
效果图:
3. 清除浮动
(1)场景
浮动元素会脱标,如果父级没有高度,子级无法撑开父级高度(可能导致页面布局错乱)
(2)解决方法
清除浮动(清除浮动带来的影响)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>浮动-清除浮动</title>
<style>
.father {
margin: 10px auto;
width: 1200px;
/* height: 300px; */
background-color: pink;
}
.left {
float: left;
width: 200px;
height: 300px;
background-color: skyblue;
}
.right {
float: right;
width: 950px;
height: 300px;
background-color: orange;
}
.bottom {
height: 100px;
background-color: brown;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="father">
<div class="left"></div>
<div class="right"></div>
</div>
<div class="bottom"></div>
</body>
</html>
效果图:
(3)处理方法
①方法一:额外标签法
在父元素内容的最后添加一个块级元素,设置 CSS 属性 clear: both
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>清除浮动-额外标签法</title>
<style>
.father {
margin: 10px auto;
width: 1200px;
/* height: 300px; */
background-color: pink;
}
.left {
float: left;
width: 200px;
height: 300px;
background-color: skyblue;
}
.right {
float: right;
width: 950px;
height: 300px;
background-color: orange;
}
.bottom {
height: 100px;
background-color: brown;
}
.clearfix {
clear: both;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="father">
<div class="left"></div>
<div class="right"></div>
<div class="clearfix"></div>
</div>
<div class="bottom"></div>
</body>
</html>
效果图:
② 方法二:单伪元素法
.clearfix::after {content : "" ;display : block;clear : both;}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>清除浮动-单伪元素法</title>
<style>
.father {
margin: 10px auto;
width: 1200px;
/* height: 300px; */
background-color: pink;
}
.left {
float: left;
width: 200px;
height: 300px;
background-color: skyblue;
}
.right {
float: right;
width: 950px;
height: 300px;
background-color: orange;
}
.bottom {
height: 100px;
background-color: brown;
}
/* 单伪元素法 */
.clearfix::after {
content: "";
display: block;
clear: both;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="father clearfix">
<div class="left"></div>
<div class="right"></div>
</div>
<div class="bottom"></div>
</body>
</html>
效果图与①一样!
③方法三:双伪元素法(推荐)
.clearfix::before ,.clearfix::after {content : "" ;display : table;}.clearfix::after {clear : both;}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>清除浮动-双伪元素法</title>
<style>
.father {
margin: 10px auto;
width: 1200px;
/* height: 300px; */
background-color: pink;
}
.left {
float: left;
width: 200px;
height: 300px;
background-color: skyblue;
}
.right {
float: right;
width: 950px;
height: 300px;
background-color: orange;
}
.bottom {
height: 100px;
background-color: brown;
}
/* before 解决外边距塌陷问题 */
/* 双伪元素法 */
.clearfix::before,
.clearfix::after {
content: "";
display: table;
}
/* after 清除浮动 */
.clearfix::after {
clear: both;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="father clearfix">
<div class="left"></div>
<div class="right"></div>
</div>
<div class="bottom"></div>
</body>
</html>
效果图与①一样!
④方法四:overflow
父元素添加 CSS 属性 overflow: hidden
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>清除浮动-overflow</title>
<style>
.father {
margin: 10px auto;
width: 1200px;
/* height: 300px; */
background-color: pink;
overflow: hidden;
}
.left {
float: left;
width: 200px;
height: 300px;
background-color: skyblue;
}
.right {
float: right;
width: 950px;
height: 300px;
background-color: orange;
}
.bottom {
height: 100px;
background-color: brown;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="father">
<div class="left"></div>
<div class="right"></div>
</div>
<div class="bottom"></div>
</body>
</html>
效果图与①一样!
4.浮动 – 总结
(1)浮动属性 float,left 表示左浮动,right 表示右浮动
(2)特点
- 浮动后的盒子顶对齐
- 浮动后的盒子具备行内块特点
- 父级宽度不够,浮动的子级会换行
- 浮动后的盒子脱标
三、Flex 布局
1.Flex – 认识
Flex 布局也叫弹性布局,是浏览器提倡的布局模型,非常适合结构化布局,提供了强大的空间分布和对齐能力。
Flex 模型不会产生浮动布局中脱标现象,布局网页更简单、更灵活。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>flex布局-体验</title>
<style>
.box {
display: flex;
justify-content: space-between;
/* height: 300px; */
border: 1px solid #000;
}
.box div {
/* float: left;
margin: 50px; */
width: 200px;
height: 100px;
background-color: pink;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box">
<div>1</div>
<div>2</div>
<div>3</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
效果图:
2.Flex – 组成
(1)设置方式:给父元素设置 display: flex,子元素可以自动挤压或拉伸
(2)组成部分:
- 弹性容器
- 弹性盒子
- 主轴:默认在水平方向
- 侧轴 / 交叉轴:默认在垂直方向
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>flex布局-组成</title>
<style>
/* 弹性容器 */
.box {
display: flex;
height: 300px;
border: 1px solid #000;
}
/* 弹性盒子:沿着主轴方向排列 */
.box div {
width: 200px;
/* height: 100px; */
background-color: pink;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box">
<div>1</div><div>2</div>
<div>3</div><div>1</div>
<div>2</div><div>3</div>
<div>1</div><div>2</div>
<div>3</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
效果图:
3.Flex 布局
(1) 主轴对齐方式
属性名:justify-content
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>flex布局-主轴对齐方式</title>
<style>
.box {
display: flex;
/* justify-content: flex-start; */
/* justify-content: flex-end; */
/* 居中 */
/* justify-content: center; */
/* 父级剩余的尺寸分配成间距 */
/* 弹性盒子之间的间距相等 */
/* justify-content: space-between; */
/* 间距出现在弹性盒子两侧 */
/* 视觉效果:弹性盒子之间的间距是两端间距的2倍 */
/* justify-content: space-around; */
/* 各个间距都相等 */
justify-content: space-evenly;
height: 300px;
border: 1px solid #000;
}
.box div {
width: 200px;
height: 100px;
background-color: pink;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box">
<div>1</div>
<div>2</div>
<div>3</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
效果图:
(2)侧轴对齐方式
属性名
- align-items:当前弹性容器内所有弹性盒子的侧轴对齐方式(给弹性容器设置)
- align-self:单独控制某个弹性盒子的侧轴对齐方式(给弹性盒子设置)
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>flex布局-侧轴对齐方式</title>
<style>
.box {
display: flex;
/* 弹性盒子在侧轴方向没有尺寸才能拉伸 */
/* align-items: stretch; */
/* align-items: center; */
/* align-items: flex-start; */
align-items: flex-end;
height: 300px;
border: 1px solid #000;
}
/* 第二个div,侧轴居中对齐 */
.box div:nth-child(2) {
align-self: center;
}
.box div {
width: 200px;
height: 100px;
background-color: pink;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box">
<div>1</div>
<div>2</div>
<div>3</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
效果图:
(3)修改主轴方向
主轴默认在水平方向,侧轴默认在垂直方向
属性名:flex-direction
左图为下面代码引用图片!
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>flex布局-修改主轴方向</title>
<style>
.box {
display: flex;
/* 修改主轴方向 垂直方向;侧轴自动变换到水平方向 */
flex-direction: column;
/* 主轴在垂直,视觉效果:垂直居中 */
justify-content: center;
/* 侧轴在水平,视觉效果:水平居中 */
align-items: center;
width: 150px;
height: 120px;
background-color: pink;
}
img {
width: 32px;
height: 32px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box">
<img src="./images/1.png" alt="">
<span>媒体</span>
</div>
</body>
</html>
效果图:
(4)弹性伸缩比
- 作用:控制弹性盒子的主轴方向的尺寸。
- 属性名:flex
- 属性值:整数数字,表示占用父级剩余尺寸的份数。
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>flex布局-弹性伸缩比</title>
<style>
/* 默认情况下,主轴方向尺寸是靠内容撑开;侧轴默认拉伸 */
.box {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
height: 300px;
border: 1px solid #000;
}
.box div {
/* height: 100px; */
background-color: pink;
}
.box div:nth-child(1) {
width: 200px;
}
.box div:nth-child(2) {
flex: 1;
}
.box div:nth-child(3) {
flex: 2;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box">
<div>1</div><div>2</div><div>3</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
效果图:
(5)弹性盒子换行
- 弹性盒子可以自动挤压或拉伸,默认情况下,所有弹性盒子都在一行显示。
- 属性名:flex-wrap
- 属性值:
- wrap:换行
- nowrap:不换行(默认)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>flex布局-弹性换行</title>
<style>
.box {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
/* 不换行 */
/* flex-wrap: nowrap; */
justify-content: space-between;
height: 300px;
border: 1px solid #000;
}
.box div {
width: 200px;
height: 100px;
background-color: pink;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box">
<div>1</div><div>2</div>
<div>3</div><div>4</div>
<div>5</div><div>6</div>
<div>7</div><div>8</div>
<div>9</div><div>10</div>
<div>11</div><div>12</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
效果图:
(6)行对齐方式
- 属性名:align-content
- 注意:该属性对单行弹性盒子模型无效。
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>flex布局-行对齐方式</title>
<style>
.box {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
justify-content: space-between;
/* 调整 行对齐方式:对单行弹性盒子不生效 */
/* align-content: flex-start; */
/* align-content: flex-end; */
/* align-content: center; */
/* align-content: space-between; */
/* align-content: space-around; */
/* 没有代码提示 */
align-content: space-evenly;
height: 400px;
border: 1px solid #000;
}
.box div {
width: 200px;
height: 100px;
background-color: pink;
}
</style></head>
<body>
<div class="box">
<div>1</div><div>2</div>
<div>3</div><div>4</div>
<div>5</div><div>6</div>
<div>7</div><div>8</div>
</div>
</body></html>
效果图:
四、综合案例 – 抖音解决方案
1.图片素材
2.效果图
3.源代码
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>抖音解决方案</title>
<style>
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
li {
list-style: none;
}
.box {
margin: 50px auto;
width: 1200px;
height: 418px;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
border-radius: 10px;
}
.box ul {
display: flex;
/* 弹性盒子换行 */
flex-wrap: wrap;
/* 调整主轴对齐方式 */
justify-content: space-between;
/* 调整 行对齐方式 */
align-content: space-between;
padding: 90px 40px 90px 60px;
height: 418px;
}
.box li {
display: flex;
width: 500px;
height: 88px;
/* background-color: pink; */
}
.box .pic {
margin-right: 15px;
}
.box .text h4 {
line-height: 40px;
font-size: 20px;
font-weight: 400;
color: #333;
}
.box .text p {
font-size: 14px;
color: #666;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box">
<ul>
<li>
<div class="pic">
<img src="./images/1.svg" alt="">
</div>
<div class="text">
<h4>一键发布多端</h4>
<p>发布视频到抖音短视频、西瓜视频及今日头条</p>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<div class="pic">
<img src="./images/2.svg" alt="">
</div>
<div class="text">
<h4>管理视频内容</h4>
<p>支持修改已发布稿件状态和实时查询视频审核状态</p>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<div class="pic">
<img src="./images/3.svg" alt="">
</div>
<div class="text">
<h4>发布携带组件</h4>
<p>支持分享内容携带小程序、地理位置信息等组件,扩展内容及突出地域性</p>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<div class="pic">
<img src="./images/4.svg" alt="">
</div>
<div class="text">
<h4>数据评估分析</h4>
<p>获取视频在对应产品内的数据表现、获取抖音热点,及时进行表现评估</p>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</body>
</html>