javaweb前后端结合实现学生信息管理系统

首先构建添加javaweb和mvmen框架

系统整体架构

工具类src/main/java/dao/JdbcTools.java

package dao;

import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;
//工具类可以直接选择调用
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.*;

public class JdbcTools {
    private static String driver;
    private static String url;
    private static String user;
    private static String password;

//静态代码块，提前加载，只有一次
    static {
        //I/O
        InputStream resourceAsStream = JdbcTools.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("jdbc.properties");
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        try {
            properties.load(resourceAsStream);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        driver = properties.getProperty("driver");
        url = properties.getProperty("url");
        user = properties.getProperty("user");
        password = properties.getProperty("password");

        //加载驱动
        try {
            Class.forName(driver);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        //释放资源
        if (resourceAsStream != null) {
            try {
                resourceAsStream.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 1.完成数据库链接操作
     *
     * @return
     * @throws SQLException
     */
    public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
        Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
        return connection;
    }

//    @Test
    public void study()
    {
        System.out.println("111 = " + 111);
    }
    /**
     * 2.获取完整的预编译好的sql对象
     *
     * @param sql        预编译的sql语句
     * @param connection db链接对象
     * @param parameters sql替换的参数
     * @return 预编译好的sql对象
     * @throws SQLException
     */
    public static PreparedStatement getPreparedStatement(String sql, Connection connection, Object... parameters) throws SQLException {
        PreparedStatement statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
        //1.获取元数据
        ParameterMetaData parameterMetaData = statement.getParameterMetaData();
        //2.获取字符串需要的参数个数
        int count = parameterMetaData.getParameterCount();
        //3.判断是否传参，并且设置参数值
        if (count != 0 && parameters != null && parameters.length == count)
            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                statement.setObject(i + 1, parameters[i]);
            }
        return statement;
    }

    /**
     * 3.实现更新
     * @param sql
     * @param parameters
     * @return
     * @throws SQLException
     */
    public static int update1(String sql, Object... parameters) throws SQLException {
        Connection connection = JdbcTools.getConnection();
        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = getPreparedStatement(sql, connection, parameters);
        int i = preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
        return i;
    }

    /**
     * 4. 关闭对象，释放资源
     * @param resources
     */
    public static void closeAll(AutoCloseable... resources) {
        if (resources != null && resources.length > 0) {
            Arrays.stream(resources).forEach(source -> {
                if (source != null) {
                    System.out.println("source = " + source);
                    try {
                        source.close();
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            });
        }
    }


    /**
     * 5.根据条件查询一条数据,以传入的javaBean类型返回 null
     *
     * @param sql
     * @param cls
     * @param parameters
     * @param <T>
     * @return
     * @throws SQLException
     * @throws InstantiationException
     * @throws IllegalAccessException
     * @throws InvocationTargetException
     */
    public static <T> T queryBean(String sql, Class<T> cls, Object... parameters) throws SQLException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
        //1.定义需要的变量
        Connection connection = null;
        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
        ResultSet resultSet = null;
        T t = null;//初始值
        //2.获取链接
        connection = JdbcTools.getConnection();
        //3.获取sql的预编译对象
        preparedStatement = JdbcTools.getPreparedStatement(sql, connection, parameters);
        //4.执行查询，得到结果集
        resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();
        //5.反编译对象，从结果集中获取表的元数据
        ResultSetMetaData metaData = resultSet.getMetaData();
        System.out.println("metaData = " + metaData);

        if(resultSet.next())//false
        {
            t = cls.newInstance();//实例化一个bean的空对象，用来封装数据
            int count = metaData.getColumnCount();
            for (int i = 1; i <= count; i++) {
                BeanUtils.setProperty(t, metaData.getColumnName(i), resultSet.getObject(i));
            }
            JdbcTools.closeAll(connection, preparedStatement, resultSet);
            return t;
        }
        return t;
    }

    /**
     * 6.根据条件查询多条数据
     *
     * @param sql        String
     * @param cls        Class<T>
     * @param parameters 替换函数
     * @param <T>
     * @return
     * @throws SQLException
     * @throws InstantiationException
     * @throws IllegalAccessException
     * @throws InvocationTargetException
     */

    public static <T> List<T> queryBeanList(String sql, Class<T> cls, Object... parameters) throws SQLException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {

        //1.定义需要的变量
        Connection connection = null;
        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
        ResultSet resultSet = null;

        ArrayList<T> arrayList = new ArrayList<>();
        T t = null;
        //2.获取链接
        connection = JdbcTools.getConnection();
        //3.获取sql的预编译对象
        preparedStatement = JdbcTools.getPreparedStatement(sql, connection, parameters);
        //4.执行查询，得到结果集

        resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();
        System.out.println("resultSet = " + resultSet);
        //5.反编译对象，从结果集中获取表的元数据
        ResultSetMetaData metaData = resultSet.getMetaData();
        System.out.println("metaData = " + metaData);
        int count = metaData.getColumnCount();
        while (resultSet.next()) {
            t = cls.newInstance();//实例化一个bean的空对象，用来封装数据

            for (int i = 1; i <= count; i++) {
                BeanUtils.setProperty(t, metaData.getColumnName(i), resultSet.getObject(i));
            }
            arrayList.add(t);
        }
        JdbcTools.closeAll(connection, preparedStatement, resultSet);
        return arrayList;
    }

    /**
     * 7.查询多条记录，以Map集合的形式返回。
     * @param sql
     * @param parameters
     * @return
     * @throws SQLException
     */
    public static ArrayList<Map> queryMapList(String sql, Object... parameters) throws SQLException {
        //1.定义需要的变量
        Connection connection = null;
        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
        ResultSet resultSet = null;

        ArrayList<Map> maps = new ArrayList<>();
        //2.获取链接
        connection = JdbcTools.getConnection();
        //3.获取sql的预编译对象
        preparedStatement = JdbcTools.getPreparedStatement(sql, connection, parameters);
        //4.执行查询，得到结果集
        resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();
        //5.反编译对象，从结果集中获取表的元数据
        ResultSetMetaData metaData = resultSet.getMetaData();
        int count = metaData.getColumnCount();

        while (resultSet.next()) {
            HashMap<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
            for (int i = 1; i <= count; i++) {
                map.put(metaData.getColumnName(i), resultSet.getObject(i));
            }
            maps.add(map);
        }

        JdbcTools.closeAll(connection, preparedStatement, resultSet);
        return maps;
    }

    /**
     * 8.查询一条记录，以数组形式返回
     *
     * @param sql
     * @param parameters
     * @return Array
     * @throws SQLException
     */
    public static Object[] queryArray(String sql, Object... parameters) throws SQLException {
        //1.定义需要的变量
        Connection connection = null;
        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
        ResultSet resultSet = null;
        //2.获取链接
        connection = JdbcTools.getConnection();
        //3.获取sql的预编译对象
        preparedStatement = JdbcTools.getPreparedStatement(sql, connection, parameters);
        //4.执行查询，得到结果集
        resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();
        //5.反编译对象，从结果集中获取表的元数据
        ResultSetMetaData metaData = resultSet.getMetaData();
        int count = metaData.getColumnCount();

        Object[] o = new Object[count];//定义长度为count的空数组
        resultSet.next();
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            o[i] = resultSet.getObject(i + 1);
        }
        JdbcTools.closeAll(connection, preparedStatement, resultSet);
        return o;

    }


    /**
     * 9.查询多条记录，以数组集合（集合中的数据是数组）的数据状态返回
     *
     * @param sql        sql查询语句
     * @param parameters 替换参数
     * @return List
     * @throws SQLException
     */
    public static List<Object[]> queryArrayList(String sql, Object... parameters) throws SQLException {
        //1.定义需要的变量
        Connection connection = null;
        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
        ResultSet resultSet = null;

        List<Object[]> objects = new ArrayList<>();
        //2.获取链接
        connection = JdbcTools.getConnection();
        //3.获取sql的预编译对象
        preparedStatement = JdbcTools.getPreparedStatement(sql, connection, parameters);
        //4.执行查询，得到结果集
        resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();
        //5.反编译对象，从结果集中获取表的元数据
        ResultSetMetaData metaData = resultSet.getMetaData();
        int count = metaData.getColumnCount();

        while (resultSet.next()) {
            Object[] o = new Object[count];//定义长度为count的空数组
            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                o[i] = resultSet.getObject(i + 1);
            }
            objects.add(o);
        }

        JdbcTools.closeAll(connection, preparedStatement, resultSet);
        return objects;
    }


    /**
     * 10.查询一条记录，以键值对形式返回
     * @param sql
     * @param parameters
     * @return
     * @throws SQLException
     */
    public static Map<String,Object> queryMap(String sql, Object... parameters) throws SQLException {
        //1.定义需要的变量
        Connection connection = null;
        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
        ResultSet resultSet = null;

        //2.获取链接
        connection = JdbcTools.getConnection();
        //3.获取sql的预编译对象
        preparedStatement = JdbcTools.getPreparedStatement(sql, connection, parameters);
        //4.执行查询，得到结果集
        resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();
        //5.反编译对象，从结果集中获取表的元数据
        ResultSetMetaData metaData = resultSet.getMetaData();
        int count = metaData.getColumnCount();
        HashMap<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        while (resultSet.next()) {
            for (int i = 1; i <= count; i++) {
                map.put(metaData.getColumnName(i), resultSet.getObject(i));
            }
        }
        JdbcTools.closeAll(connection, preparedStatement, resultSet);
        return map;
    }


    /**
     * 11.更新
     * @param sql
     * @param parameters
     * @return
     * @throws SQLException
     */
    public static int del(String sql, Object... parameters) throws SQLException {
        Connection connection = JdbcTools.getConnection();
        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = getPreparedStatement(sql, connection, parameters);
        int i = preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
        return i;
    }

}

javabeab  stu 位置: src/main/java/model/stu.java

package model;
//jiavabean文件user表
public class User {
    private String username;
    private String password;

    public User() {
    }

    public User(String username, String password) {
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
    }

    /**
     * 获取
     * @return username
     */
    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    /**
     * 设置
     * @param username
     */
    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    /**
     * 获取
     * @return password
     */
    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    /**
     * 设置
     * @param password
     */
    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public String toString() {
        return "User{username = " + username + ", password = " + password + "}";
    }
}

javabeab  user 位置:src/main/java/model/User.java

package model;
//jiavabean文件user表
public class User {
    private String username;
    private String password;

    public User() {
    }

    public User(String username, String password) {
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
    }

    /**
     * 获取
     * @return username
     */
    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    /**
     * 设置
     * @param username
     */
    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    /**
     * 获取
     * @return password
     */
    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    /**
     * 设置
     * @param password
     */
    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public String toString() {
        return "User{username = " + username + ", password = " + password + "}";
    }
}

验证码生产工具src/main/java/Tool/Code.java

package Tool;

import cn.dsna.util.images.ValidateCode;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/code")
public class Code extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//        创建一个ValidateCode对象，设置宽度为500，高度为200，字符个数为4，干扰线数为100。
        ValidateCode validateCode = new ValidateCode(500, 200, 4, 100);
//        调用getCode()方法生成验证码字符串。
        String code = validateCode.getCode();

        //创建会话
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
//        将生成的验证码字符串存储在会话中，键名为"yz"。
        session.setAttribute("yz", code);
//          将验证码图片写入响应输出流。
        validateCode.write(resp.getOutputStream());
    }
}

数据库连接配置文件德鲁伊版src/main/resources/dridok.properties

driverClassName = com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/shangluo666?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC
username=root
password=123456

#初始化时建立物理连接的个数
initialSize=10
#最大连接池数量
maxActive=20
#获取连接时最大等待时间
maxWait=10000

数据库连接配置文件src/main/resources/jdbc.properties

user=root
password=123456
implementation 'mysql:mysql-connector-java:8.0.26'

url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/shangluo666?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC
driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver

1.pom.xml文件添加依赖（验证码依赖无法进行添加，需要在前端新建lib文件夹导入jar包）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>groupId</groupId>
    <artifactId>hotwed</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>
<!-- 添加servlet依赖-->
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>


        <!--        mysql数据库的依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.33</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--        德鲁伊的依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.23</version>
        </dependency>



        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-beanutils</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-beanutils</artifactId>
            <version>1.9.4</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
            <version>5.7.2</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>
                1.2.12
            </version>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>
    
</project>

2前端登录页面，login.jsp

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: 86173
  Date: 2024/7/29
  Time: 11:13
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%--<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>--%>
<%--<html>--%>
<%--<head>--%>
<%--    <title>Title</title>--%>
<%--</head>--%>
<%--<body>--%>
<%--<h1>欢迎登录！</h1>--%>
<%--<form action="loginok2" method="post">--%>
<%--    姓名<input type="text" name="user"><br>--%>
<%--    密码<input type="text" name="pwd"><br>--%>
<%--&lt;%&ndash; 点击时重新生成新的验证码   //&ndash;%&gt;--%>
<%--    <img src="code" alt="" width="100" onclick="this.src=this.src+'?'+Math.random()">--%>
<%--    <input type="text" name="yz" >--%>
<%--    <button>登陆</button>--%>

<%--</form>--%>
<%--</body>--%>
<%--</html>--%>


<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>学生信息管理系统登录页</title>
    <style>
        body {
            font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
            background-color: #f7f7f7;
            display: flex;
            justify-content: center;
            align-items: center;
            height: 100vh;
            margin: 0;
        }

        .box {
            width: 360px;
            background-color: #fff;
            border-radius: 10px;
            padding: 30px;
            box-shadow: 0 6px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
            display: flex;
            flex-direction: column;
            align-items: center;
        }

        h1 {
            font-size: 26px;
            margin-bottom: 20px;
            color: #333;
            text-align: center;
        }

        form {
            width: 100%;
        }

        .form-group {
            margin-bottom: 20px;
            display: flex;
            flex-direction: column;
        }

        .form-group label {
            margin-bottom: 5px;
            font-size: 14px;
            color: #555;
        }

        .form-group input[type="text"] {
            padding: 10px;
            border: 1px solid #ddd;
            border-radius: 5px;
            box-sizing: border-box;
            width: 100%;
        }

        .form-group input[type="text"]:focus {
            border-color: #4CAF50;
            outline: none;
        }

        .captcha-container {
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            margin-bottom: 20px;
        }

        .captcha-container img {
            margin-left: 10px;
            cursor: pointer;
            border-radius: 5px;
            box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
        }

        button {
            background-color: #4CAF50;
            color: white;
            padding: 12px 20px;
            border: none;
            border-radius: 5px;
            cursor: pointer;
            font-size: 16px;
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
            width: 100%;
        }

        button:hover {
            background-color: #45a049;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box">
    <h1>学生信息管理系统登录页</h1>
    <form action="loginok2" method="post">
        <div class="form-group">
            <label for="user">账号</label>
            <input type="text" id="user" name="user" placeholder="请输入账号">
        </div>

        <div class="form-group">
            <label for="pw">密码</label>
            <input type="text" id="pw" name="pwd" placeholder="请输入密码">
        </div>

        <div class="captcha-container">
            <div class="form-group">
                <label for="yzm">验证码</label>
                <input type="text" id="yzm" name="yz" placeholder="请输入验证码">
            </div>
            <img src="code" alt="验证码" width="120" onclick="this.src=this.src+'?'+Math.random()">
        </div>

        <button type="submit">登录</button>
    </form>
</div>
</body>
</html>

3登录页面进入后会进行后端处理判断账号密码，进行信息展示和错误提醒src/main/java/servlet/UserRequest2.java

package servlet;
//继承HttpServlet的方式进行连接前段
import dao.JdbcTool;
import dao.JdbcTools;

import model.User;
import model.stu;
import model.student;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;
//系统展示成功进入后展示页面
@WebServlet("/loginok2")
public class UserRequest2 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(req, resp);
    }
//前面那个是请求，后面那个是响应
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String user = req.getParameter("user");
        String pwd = req.getParameter("pwd");
        String yz = req.getParameter("yz");
        System.out.println("user = " + user);
        System.out.println("pwd = " + pwd);
        System.out.println("yz = " + yz);

        //判断用户输入的验证码和机器生成的验证码是否相同
        //创建会话Java Servlet中获取HttpSession对象并从中获取名为"yz"的属性值的示例。
        // 首先，通过调用req.getSession()方法获取HttpSession对象。
        // 然后，使用session.getAttribute("yz")方法从会话中获取名为"yz"的属性值存到yz1里面。
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        String yz1 = (String) session.getAttribute("yz");
        if (!yz1.equals(yz))
        {
            System.out.println("验证码错误");
            return;
        }


访问dao层
//        if (denglvdaotest.dlcx(user, pwd)) {
//            //数据展示 servlet
//            req.getRequestDispatcher("showlist").forward(req, resp);
//
//        } else {
//            //错误提示servlet
//            req.getRequestDispatcher("usererror").forward(req, resp);
//        }


        //访问Dao，查询记录
        String sql="select * from user where username=? and password=?";
        try {
            List<User> is = JdbcTool.select(sql, User.class, user, pwd);

            //如果查到结果为空进行错误提醒
            if(is.isEmpty())
            {
                    //错误提示servlet
                req.getRequestDispatcher("usererror").forward(req,resp);
            }else{
                //查询到结果，进入到数据展示
                System.out.println("进入");
//                获取数据库中的展示数据
                List<stu> stulist= JdbcTool.select("select * from stu ", stu.class);
//                System.out.println("stulist = " + stulist);
//                进行数据请求
                req.setAttribute("stulist",stulist);
                //数据展示 servlet
                req.getRequestDispatcher("showlist").forward(req,resp);
            }
        } catch (SQLException throwables) {
            throwables.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InstantiationException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

3-1，若账号密码失败则进入错误提醒页面src/main/java/UI/UserError.java

package UI;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

//用户登录失败之后的错误页面
/**
 * 服务器端渲染生成错误页面
 */
@WebServlet("/usererror")
public class UserError extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(req,resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//        System.out.println("用户登陆失败！");
        //服务端生成前端页面 CGI
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");//响应用户请求时，告知用户服务器的编码
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");

        PrintWriter user = resp.getWriter();
        user.write("<!Doctype html>");
        user.write("<html>");
        user.write("<head>");
        user.write("<meta charset='utf-8>'");
        user.write("</head>");
        user.write("<body>");
        user.write("<h2 style='color:red;font-weight:bold;'>" +
                "用户名或密码有错误，请重新登陆" +
                "</h2>" +
                "<p>请重新登陆<p>");
        user.write("</body>");
        user.write("</html>");
    }
}

3-2若账号密码正确进入信息展示页面src/main/java/UI/ShowList.java

package UI;

import model.stu;
import model.student;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.Console;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.List;

//登录成功的展示页面
/**
 * 服务器端渲染生成信息展示页面
 * 以表格的形式展示数据
 */
@WebServlet("/showlist")
public class ShowList extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //先请求
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        //再响应
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");

        //1. servlet类
        List<stu> stulist = (List<stu>) req.getAttribute("stulist");

//        System.out.println("信息列表");
//动态生成前段页面
        PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
        writer.write("<!Doctype html");
        writer.write("<html>");
        writer.write("<head>");
        writer.write("</head>");
        writer.write("<body style='background:lightyellow;'>");
        writer.write("<h1>学生信息展示页面</h1>");
        writer.write("<h3><a href='insert'>录入信息按钮</a><h3>");
        writer.write("<table cellpadding='3' cellspacing='0' border='1' align='center'>");
        writer.write("<tr><th>ID</th><th>姓名</th><th>年龄</th><th>操作1</th><th>操作2</th></tr>");

        for (int i = 0; i < stulist.size(); i++) {
            writer.write("<tr>");
            writer.write("<td>" + stulist.get(i).getId() + "</td>");
            writer.write("<td>" + stulist.get(i).getName()+ "</td>");
            writer.write("<td>" + stulist.get(i).getAge()+ "</td>");
            writer.write("<td><a onclick=\"if(confirm('确认删除么?'))return true;return false;\" href=delone?id=" + stulist.get(i).getId() +">删除</a></td>");
            writer.write("<td><a  href=updateshow?id=" + stulist.get(i).getId() +">更新</a></td>");
            writer.write("</tr>");
        }
        writer.write("</table>");
        writer.write("</body>");
        writer.write("</html>");
    }
}

4根据前端弹出的页面提示触发信息的录入，删除，更新和验证功能

4-1信息录入，先生成信息录入的空白表单src/main/java/UI/Stulnsertdata.java

package UI;

import model.stu;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.List;
//插入数据的表单输入生成页面
@WebServlet("/insert")
public class Stulnsertdata extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//        先请求
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        //再响应
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");


//动态生成前段页面
        PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
        writer.write("<!Doctype html");
        writer.write("<html>");
        writer.write("<head>");
        writer.write("</head>");
        writer.write("<h1>学生信息添加页面</h1>");
        writer.write("<body style='background:lightblue;'>");
        writer.write("<h1>学生信息展示页面</h1>");
        writer.write("<div style='margin:0 auto;width:600px;border:solid 3px red;'>"
                + "<h3><a href='insert'>录入信息</a></h3>");
        writer.write("<form action='insertok'>" +
                "姓名：<input type='text' name='name'><br>" +
                "年龄：<input type='text' name='age'><br>" +
                "<button>提交</button>" +
                "<input type='resert' value='重置’/>" + "</form>" + "</div>");
        writer.write("</body>");
        writer.write("</html>");
    }

}

4-1-1生成表单之后，跳转页面进行数据的添加和重新展示src/main/java/servlet/insertok.java

package servlet;

import dao.JdbcTool;
import dao.JdbcTools;
import model.stu;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;
//插入之后的重新显示页面

@WebServlet("/insertok")
public class insertok extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//       真正的实现入库操作，并且跳转展示页面
//        接受前一个页面的表单值
//        动态生成表单
//        先请求
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        //再响应
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
//        通过请求获取到输入得name和age
        String name = req.getParameter("name");
        String age = req.getParameter("age");

        try {
            int i = JdbcTools.update1("insert into stu values(null,?,?)", name, age);

//            数据展示servlet
            if (i > 0) {
                //获取成功后，重新获取数据，动态生成前段页面
                List<stu> stulist = JdbcTool.select("select * from stu ", stu.class);
//              System.out.println("stulist = " + stulist);
//              这段代码是在Java的Servlet中设置属性的一种方式。req.setAttribute("stulist", stulist); 这行代码的作用是将名为"stulist"的属性设置为变量stulist的值。这样，你可以在后续的请求处理过程中通过这个属性名来获取到这个值。
//
//在Java Servlet中，HttpServletRequest对象的setAttribute方法用于存储一个对象，
// 以便在同一个请求的生命周期内的其他部分（例如JSP页面或其他Servlet）可以访问它。
// 这个方法接受两个参数：一个是属性的名称（字符串），另一个是要存储的对象。
                req.setAttribute("stulist", stulist);
                //数据展示 servlet


//  在Java Servlet中，HttpServletRequest对象的getRequestDispatcher方法用于获取一个RequestDispatcher对象，该对象可以将请求转发到指定的资源。这个方法接受一个参数，即要转发到的资源的名称或路径。
//
//然后，通过调用RequestDispatcher对象的forward方法，将当前的请求和响应对象传递给目标资源。这样，目标资源可以处理这个请求并生成响应，然后将响应发送回客户端。
//              req.getRequestDispatcher("showlist").forward(req,resp);

//HttpServletResponse对象的sendRedirect方法用于将客户端重定向到另一个URL。
// 这个方法接受一个参数，即要重定向到的目标URL。
                resp.sendRedirect("showlist");
            }
        } catch (SQLException throwables) {
            throwables.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InstantiationException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

4-2数据删除src/main/java/servlet/Studel.java 根据前端点击删除按钮跳转删除，并且重新生产页面

package servlet;

import dao.JdbcTool;
import dao.JdbcTools;
import model.stu;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;

//删除之后的重新显示页面
@WebServlet("/delone")
public class Studel extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
     //获取到id进行删除
        String id = req.getParameter("id");
        System.out.println("id = " + id);
        //调用dao包的api进行删除
        try {
            int del = JdbcTools.del("delete from stu where id=?", id);
            System.out.println("找到id啦"+del);
            if (del>0){
                //获取成功后，重新获取数据，动态生成前段页面
                List<stu> stulist= JdbcTool.select("select * from stu ", stu.class);
                System.out.println("stulist = " + stulist);
                req.setAttribute("stulist",stulist);
                //数据展示 servlet
                req.getRequestDispatcher("showlist").forward(req,resp);
            }
        } catch (SQLException throwables) {
            throwables.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InstantiationException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }


    }
}

4-3数据更新，先从showlist页面点击更新操作，进入页面进行数据表单回显，并且进行修改

src/main/java/UI/updatashow.java

package UI;

import dao.JdbcTools;
import model.stu;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
//更新的数据回显页面
@WebServlet("/updateshow")
public class updatashow extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //先请求，设置编码
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        //再响应
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        //获取id进行查询
        String id = req.getParameter("id");
//        System.out.println("id = " + id);
        stu stu = null;
        try {
            stu = JdbcTools.queryBean("select * from stu where id=?", stu.class, id);
        } catch (SQLException throwables) {
            throwables.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InstantiationException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }


//动态生成前段页面
        PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
        writer.write("<!Doctype html");
        writer.write("<html>");
        writer.write("<head>");
        writer.write("</head>");
        writer.write("<tittle>学生信息更新页面</tittle>");
        writer.write("<body style='background:lightblue;'>");
        writer.write("<h1>学生信息更新页面</h1>");
        writer.write("<div style='margin:0 auto;width:600px;border:solid 3px red;'>"
                + "<h3><a href='insert'>请修改你要更新的字段</a></h3>");
        writer.write("<form action='updateok'>" +
                "<input type='hidden' value=" +
                stu.getId() +
                " name='id'><br>" +
                "姓名：<input type='text'  value=" +
                stu.getName() +
                " name='name'><br>" +
                "年龄：<input type='text' value="+
                stu.getAge()+
                " name='age'><br>" +
                "<button>更新</button>" +
                "<input type='resert' value='重置’/>" + "</form>" + "</div>");
        writer.write("</body>");
        writer.write("</html>");
    }

}

4-3-1数据回显之后进行更新操作，并且重新生成数据显示页面

src/main/java/servlet/updateok.java

package servlet;

import dao.JdbcTools;
import model.stu;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;

@WebServlet("/updateok")
public class updateok extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//动态生成表单
//        1设编
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        String id = req.getParameter("id");
        String name = req.getParameter("name");
        String age = req.getParameter("age");

//        调用数据操作类
        try {
            int i = JdbcTools.update1("update stu set name=?,age=? where id=?", name, age, id);

            if (i > 0) {
                List<stu> stulist = JdbcTools.queryBeanList("select *from stu", stu.class);
                req.setAttribute("stulist", stulist);
                //数据展示 servlet
                req.getRequestDispatcher("showlist").forward(req, resp);
            }
        } catch (SQLException throwables) {
            throwables.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InstantiationException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

验证码的添加步骤

错误小结

严格遵守前端文字格式，要有空格