概述
MMM（Master-Master replication manager for MySQL，MySQL主主复制管理器）
MMM是一套支持双主故障切换和双主日常管理的脚本程序。MMM 使用 Perl 语言开发，主要用来监控和管理 MySQL Master-Master （双主）复制，虽然叫做双主复制，但是业务上同一时刻只允许对一个主进行写入，另一台备选主上提供部分读服务，以加速在主主切换时备选主的预热，可以说MMM这套脚本程序一方面实现了故障切换的功能，另一方面其内部附加的工具脚本也可以实现多个 Slave 的 read 负载均衡。
MMM提供了自动和手动两种方式移除一组服务器中复制延迟较高的服务器的虚拟ip，同时它还可以备份数据，实现两节点之间的数据同步等。由于MMM无法完全保证数据的一致性，所以MMM适用于对数据的一致性要求不是很高，但是又想最大程度地保证业务可用性的场景。
MMM是一套灵活的脚本程序，基于perl实现，用来对 mysql replication 进行监控和故障迁移，并能管理 MySQL Master-Master 复制的配置。
MMM 高可用架构的说明
- mmm_mon：监控进程，负责所有的监控工作，决定和处理所有节点角色活动。此脚本需要在监控主机上运行。
- mmm_agent：运行在每个MySQL服务器上的代理进程，完成监控的探针工作和执行简单的远端服务设置。此脚本需要在被监管机上运行。
- mmm_control：一个简单的脚本，提供管理 mmm_mon 进程的命令。
- mysql-mmm 的监管端会提供多个虚拟 IP（VIP），包括一个可写 VIP，多个可读 VIP，通过监管的管理，这些 IP 会绑定在可用 MySQL 之上，当某一台 MySQL 宕机时，监管会将 VIP 迁移至其他 MySQL。
在整个监管过程中，需要在 MySQL 中添加相关授权用户，以便让 MySQL 可以支持监控主机的维护。 授权的用户包括一个 mmm_monitor 用户和一个 mmm_agent 用户。
搭建 MySQL MMM
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准备环境
master01（db1） 192.168.80.30 mysql5.7、mysql-mmm
master02（db2） 192.168.80.40 mysql5.7、mysql-mmm
slave01（db3） 192.168.80.10 mysql5.7、mysql-mmm
slave02（db4） 192.168.80.50 mysql5.7、mysql-mmm
monitor 192.168.80.20 mysql-mmm
-
初始化关闭防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
setenforce: SELinux is disabled
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config -
修改 master01 配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
修改内容如下：
[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
character-set-server=utf8
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
skip-name-resolve
max_connections=2048
default-storage-engine=INNODB
max_allowed_packet=16M
server-id = 1
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql_error.log
general_log=ON
general_log_file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql_general.logslow_query_log=ONslow_query_log_file=mysql_slow_query.log
long_query_time=5
binlog-ignore-db=mysql,information_schema
log_bin=mysql_bin
log_slave_updates=true
sync_binlog=1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1
auto_increment_increment=2
auto_increment_offset=1
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把配置文件复制到其它 3 台数据库服务器上并启动服务器，注意：配置文件中的 server_id 要修改
[root@localhost ~]# scp /etc/my.cnf root@192.168.80.10:/etc/
The authenticity of host '192.168.80.10 (192.168.80.10)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:yDomXwGmwNaWFHx/DbtaoneMurNRY4HdV5eSmEb0LVM.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:80:de:f8:94:82:75:37:b3:d9:a8:7e:e8:cf:ba:7b:b9.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.80.10' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.80.10's password:
my.cnf 100% 933 340.7KB/s 00:00
[root@localhost ~]# scp /etc/my.cnf root@192.168.80.40:/etc/
The authenticity of host '192.168.80.40 (192.168.80.40)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:3wpHjsT7r1YEEQipTCugtbtifmQ9zIfJyhbG44m0HFc.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:3b:8a:09:fc:dd:98:99:a6:1c:ce:6d:68:e6:b5:27:9f.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.80.40' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.80.40's password:
my.cnf 100% 933 1.9MB/s 00:00
[root@localhost ~]# scp /etc/my.cnf root@192.168.80.50:/etc/
The authenticity of host '192.168.80.50 (192.168.80.50)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:kXP0zouJrRojfwV62JejGdSgywSGAJ1C/GVHt3RPvpQ.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:9a:9f:d1:d6:bb:de:9b:7f:e0:b9:95:35:99:45:d6:1e.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.80.50' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.80.50's password:
my.cnf 100% 933 1.4MB/s 00:00
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart mysqld-
配置主主复制，两台主服务器相互复制
（1）在两台主服务器上都执行授予从的权限，从服务器上不需要执行
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pabc123
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.44-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'replication'@'192.168.80.%' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
（2）在两台主服务器上查看，记录日志文件名称和同步点
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+-------------------+
| mysql_bin.000001 | 460 | | mysql,information_schema | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
（3）在 master01 上配置同步
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.80.40',master_user='replication',master_passsword='123456',master_log_file='mysql_bin.000001',master_log_pos=460;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G
（4）在 master02 上配置同步
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.80.30',master_user='replication',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql_bin.000001',master_log_pos=460;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G
-
配置主从复制，在两台从服务器上做
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pabc123
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.44-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.80.30',master_user='replication',master_passsword='123456',master_log_file='mysql_bin.000001',master_log_pos=460;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G
-
测试主主、主从 同步情况
mysql> create database db_test;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| db_test |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
安装配置 MySQL-MMM
-
在所有服务器上安装 MySQL-MMM
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt
mount: /dev/sr0 写保护，将以只读方式挂载
[root@localhost ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
--2024-07-05 16:55:18-- http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
正在解析主机 mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 61.162.13.241, 61.162.13.242, 61.162.13.235, ...
正在连接 mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)|61.162.13.241|:80... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度：2523 (2.5K) [application/octet-stream]
正在保存至: “/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo”
100%[==============================================>] 2,523 --.-K/s 用时 0.007s
2024-07-05 16:55:18 (365 KB/s) - 已保存 “/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo” [2523/2523])
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install epel-release
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql-mmm*
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在 master01 上对 MySQL-MMM 进行配置
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/mysql-mmm/
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# vim mmm_common.conf
修改内容如下：
active_master_role writer
<host default>
cluster_interface ens33
pid_path /run/mysql-mmm-agent.pid
bin_path /usr/libexec/mysql-mmm/
replication_user replication
replication_password 123456
agent_user mmm_agent
agent_password 123456
</host>
<host db1>
ip 192.168.80.30
mode master
peer db2
</host>
<host db2>
ip 192.168.80.40
mode master
peer db1
</host>
<host db3>
ip 192.168.80.10
mode slave
</host>
<host db4>
ip 192.168.80.50
mode slave
</host>
<role writer>
hosts db1, db2
ips 192.168.80.250
mode exclusive
</role>
<role reader>
hosts db3, db4
ips 192.168.80.251, 192.168.80.252
mode balanced
</role>
-
把配置文件复制到其它 4 台主机，所有主机该配置文件内容都是一样的
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# scp mmm_common.conf root@192.168.80.40:/etc/mysql-mmm/
root@192.168.80.40's password:
mmm_common.conf 100% 833 1.7MB/s 00:00
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# scp mmm_common.conf root@192.168.80.10:/etc/mysql-mmm/
root@192.168.80.10's password:
mmm_common.conf 100% 833 1.0MB/s 00:00
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# scp mmm_common.conf root@192.168.80.50:/etc/mysql-mmm/
root@192.168.80.50's password:
mmm_common.conf 100% 833 1.6MB/s 00:00
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# scp mmm_common.conf root@192.168.80.20:/etc/mysql-mmm/
The authenticity of host '192.168.80.20 (192.168.80.20)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:6hV+Qg/wIfw3mNnj7ncRmPK32NfsA9863CVOYAYD1dg.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:da:b4:c7:c0:f8:bf:be:0f:05:f5:ae:da:2b:05:4c:97.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.80.20' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.80.20's password:
mmm_common.conf 100% 833 1.1MB/s 00:00
-
修改所有数据库服务器的代理配置文件 mmm_agent.conf
vim /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_agent.conf
include mmm_common.conf
this db1 #根据不同的主机分别修改为 db1,db2,db3,db4
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在 monitor 监控服务器上修改监控配置文件 mmm_mon.conf
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_mon.conf
修改内容如下：
include mmm_common.conf
<monitor>
ip 127.0.0.1
pid_path /run/mysql-mmm-monitor.pid
bin_path /usr/libexec/mysql-mmm
status_path /var/lib/mysql-mmm/mmm_mond.status
ping_ips 192.168.80.30,192.168.80.40,192.168.80.10,192.168.80.50
auto_set_online 10
# The kill_host_bin does not exist by default, though the monitor will
# throw a warning about it missing. See the section 5.10 "Kill Host
# Functionality" in the PDF documentation.
#
# kill_host_bin /usr/libexec/mysql-mmm/monitor/kill_host
#
</monitor>
<host default>
monitor_user mmm_monitor
monitor_password 123456
</host>
debug 0
-
在所有数据库上为 mmm_agent（代理进程）授权
mysql> grant super, replication client, process on *.* to 'mmm_agent'@'192.168.80.%' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)-
在所有数据库上为 mmm_moniter（监控进程）授权
mysql> grant replication client on *.* to 'mmm_monitor'@'192.168.80.%' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
-
在所有数据库服务器上启动 mysql-mmm-agent
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysql-mmm-agent.service
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable mysql-mmm-agent.service
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysql-mmm-agent.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysql-mmm-agent.service.
-
在 monitor 服务器上启动 mysql-mmm-monitor
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysql-mmm-monitor.service -
在 monitor 服务器上测试群集
（1）查看各节点的情况
[root@localhost ~]# mmm_control show
db1(192.168.80.30) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.80.250)
db2(192.168.80.40) master/ONLINE. Roles:
db3(192.168.80.10) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.80.251)
db4(192.168.80.50) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.80.252)
（2）检测监控功能是否都完善，需要各种OK
[root@localhost ~]# mmm_control checks all
db4 ping [last change: 2024/07/08 11:21:36] OK
db4 mysql [last change: 2024/07/08 11:21:36] OK
db4 rep_threads [last change: 2024/07/08 11:21:36] OK
db4 rep_backlog [last change: 2024/07/08 11:21:36] OK: Backlog is null
db2 ping [last change: 2024/07/08 11:21:36] OK
db2 mysql [last change: 2024/07/08 11:21:36] OK
db2 rep_threads [last change: 2024/07/08 11:21:36] OK
db2 rep_backlog [last change: 2024/07/08 11:21:36] OK: Backlog is null
db3 ping [last change: 2024/07/08 11:21:36] OK
db3 mysql [last change: 2024/07/08 11:21:36] OK
db3 rep_threads [last change: 2024/07/08 11:21:36] OK
db3 rep_backlog [last change: 2024/07/08 11:21:36] OK: Backlog is null
db1 ping [last change: 2024/07/08 11:21:36] OK
db1 mysql [last change: 2024/07/08 11:21:36] OK
db1 rep_threads [last change: 2024/07/08 11:21:36] OK
db1 rep_backlog [last change: 2024/07/08 11:21:36] OK: Backlog is null
（3）指定绑定 VIP 的主机
[root@localhost ~]# mmm_control move_role writer db2
OK: Role 'writer' has been moved from 'db1' to 'db2'. Now you can wait some time and check new roles info!
[root@localhost ~]# mmm_control show
db1(192.168.80.30) master/ONLINE. Roles:
db2(192.168.80.40) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.80.250)
db3(192.168.80.10) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.80.251)
db4(192.168.80.50) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.80.252)
-
故障测试
停止 master02 确认 VIP 是否移动到 master01 上。注意：master02 主服务器恢复服务后，不会抢占
[root@localhost ~]# mmm_control move_role writer db1
OK: Role is on 'db1' already. Skipping command.
[root@localhost ~]# mmm_control show
# Warning: agent on host db2 is not reachable
db1(192.168.80.30) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.80.250)
db2(192.168.80.40) master/HARD_OFFLINE. Roles:
db3(192.168.80.10) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.80.251)
db4(192.168.80.50) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.80.252)
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