深入理解Flutter动画原理

final TickerCallback _onTick;

}

将AnimationControllerd对象中的_tick()方法，赋值给Ticker对象的_onTick成员变量，再来看看该_tick方法。

2.1.3 _internalSetValue

[-> lib/src/animation/animation_controller.dart ::AnimationController]

void _internalSetValue(double newValue) {

_value = newValue.clamp(lowerBound, upperBound);

if (_value == lowerBound) {

_status = AnimationStatus.dismissed;

} else if (_value == upperBound) {

_status = AnimationStatus.completed;

} else {

_status = (_direction == _AnimationDirection.forward) ?

AnimationStatus.forward :

AnimationStatus.reverse;

}

}

根据当前的value值来初始化动画状态_status

2.2 forward

[-> lib/src/animation/animation_controller.dart ::AnimationController]

TickerFuture forward({ double from }) {

//默认采用向前的动画方向

_direction = _AnimationDirection.forward;

if (from != null)

value = from;

return _animateToInternal(upperBound); //[见小节2.3]

}

_AnimationDirection是枚举类型，有forward(向前)和reverse(向后)两个值，也就是说该方法的功能是指从from开始向前滑动，

2.3 _animateToInternal

[-> lib/src/animation/animation_controller.dart ::AnimationController]

TickerFuture _animateToInternal(double target, { Duration duration, Curve curve = Curves.linear }) {

double scale = 1.0;

if (SemanticsBinding.instance.disableAnimations) {

switch (animationBehavior) {

case AnimationBehavior.normal:

scale = 0.05;

break;

case AnimationBehavior.preserve:

break;

}

}

Duration simulationDuration = duration;

if (simulationDuration == null) {

final double range = upperBound - lowerBound;

final double remainingFraction = range.isFinite ? (target - _value).abs() / range : 1.0;

//根据剩余动画的百分比来评估仿真动画剩余时长

simulationDuration = this.duration * remainingFraction;

} else if (target == value) {

//已到达动画终点，不再执行动画

simulationDuration = Duration.zero;

}

//停止老的动画[见小节2.3.1]

stop();

if (simulationDuration == Duration.zero) {

if (value != target) {

_value = target.clamp(lowerBound, upperBound);

notifyListeners();

}

_status = (_direction == _AnimationDirection.forward) ?

AnimationStatus.completed :

AnimationStatus.dismissed;

_checkStatusChanged();

//当动画执行时间已到，则直接结束

return TickerFuture.complete();

}

//[见小节2.4]

return _startSimulation(_InterpolationSimulation(_value, target, simulationDuration, curve, scale));

}

默认采用的是线性动画曲线Curves.linear。

2.3.1 AnimationController.stop

void stop({ bool canceled = true }) {

_simulation = null;

_lastElapsedDuration = null;

//[见小节2.3.2]

_ticker.stop(canceled: canceled);

}

2.3.2 Ticker.stop

[-> lib/src/scheduler/ticker.dart]

void stop({ bool canceled = false }) {

if (!isActive) //已经不活跃，则直接返回

return;

final TickerFuture localFuture = _future;

_future = null;

_startTime = null;

//[见小节2.3.3]

unscheduleTick();

if (canceled) {

localFuture._cancel(this);

} else {

localFuture._complete();

}

}

2.3.3 Ticker.unscheduleTick

[-> lib/src/scheduler/ticker.dart]

void unscheduleTick() {

if (scheduled) {

SchedulerBinding.instance.cancelFrameCallbackWithId(_animationId);

_animationId = null;

}

}

2.3.4 _InterpolationSimulation初始化

[-> lib/src/animation/animation_controller.dart ::_InterpolationSimulation]

class _InterpolationSimulation extends Simulation {

_InterpolationSimulation(this._begin, this._end, Duration duration, this._curve, double scale)

_durationInSeconds = (duration.inMicroseconds * scale) / Duration.microsecondsPerSecond;

final double _durationInSeconds;

final double _begin;

final double _end;

final Curve _curve;

}

该方法创建插值模拟器对象，并初始化起点、终点、动画曲线以及时长。这里用的Curve是线性模型，也就是说采用的是匀速运动。

2.4 _startSimulation

[-> lib/src/animation/animation_controller.dart]

TickerFuture _startSimulation(Simulation simulation) {

_simulation = simulation;

_lastElapsedDuration = Duration.zero;

_value = simulation.x(0.0).clamp(lowerBound, upperBound);

//[见小节2.5]

final TickerFuture result = _ticker.start();

_status = (_direction == _AnimationDirection.forward) ?

AnimationStatus.forward :

AnimationStatus.reverse;

//[见小节2.4.1]

_checkStatusChanged();

return result;

}

2.4.1 _checkStatusChanged

[-> lib/src/animation/animation_controller.dart]

void _checkStatusChanged() {

final AnimationStatus newStatus = status;

if (_lastReportedStatus != newStatus) {

_lastReportedStatus = newStatus;

notifyStatusListeners(newStatus); //通知状态改变

}

}

这里会回调_statusListeners中的所有状态监听器，这里的状态就是指AnimationStatus的dismissed、forward、reverse以及completed。

2.5 Ticker.start

[-> lib/src/scheduler/ticker.dart]

TickerFuture start() {

future = TickerFuture.();

if (shouldScheduleTick) {

scheduleTick(); //[见小节2.6]

}

if (SchedulerBinding.instance.schedulerPhase.index > SchedulerPhase.idle.index &&

SchedulerBinding.instance.schedulerPhase.index < SchedulerPhase.postFrameCallbacks.index)

_startTime = SchedulerBinding.instance.currentFrameTimeStamp;

return _future;

}

此处的shouldScheduleTick等于!muted && isActive && !scheduled，也就是没有调度过的活跃状态才会调用Tick。

2.6 Ticker.scheduleTick

[-> lib/src/scheduler/ticker.dart]

void scheduleTick({ bool rescheduling = false }) {

//[见小节2.7]

_animationId = SchedulerBinding.instance.scheduleFrameCallback(_tick, rescheduling: rescheduling);

}

此处的_tick会在下一次vysnc触发时回调执行，见小节2.10。

2.7 scheduleFrameCallback

[-> lib/src/scheduler/binding.dart]

int scheduleFrameCallback(FrameCallback callback, { bool rescheduling = false }) {

//[见小节2.8]

scheduleFrame();

_nextFrameCallbackId += 1;

_transientCallbacks[_nextFrameCallbackId] = _FrameCallbackEntry(callback, rescheduling: rescheduling);

return _nextFrameCallbackId;

}

将前面传递过来的Ticker._tick()方法保存在_FrameCallbackEntry的callback中，然后将_FrameCallbackEntry记录在Map类型的_transientCallbacks，

2.8 scheduleFrame

[-> lib/src/scheduler/binding.dart]

void scheduleFrame() {

if (_hasScheduledFrame || !_framesEnabled)

return;

ui.window.scheduleFrame();

_hasScheduledFrame = true;

}

从文章Flutter之setState更新机制，可知此处调用的ui.window.scheduleFrame()，会注册vsync监听。当当下一次vsync信号的到来时会执行handleBeginFrame()。

2.9 handleBeginFrame

[-> lib/src/scheduler/binding.dart:: SchedulerBinding]

void handleBeginFrame(Duration rawTimeStamp) {

Timeline.startSync(‘Frame’, arguments: timelineWhitelistArguments);

_firstRawTimeStampInEpoch ??= rawTimeStamp;

_currentFrameTimeStamp = _adjustForEpoch(rawTimeStamp ?? _lastRawTimeStamp);

if (rawTimeStamp != null)

_lastRawTimeStamp = rawTimeStamp;

…

//此时阶段等于SchedulerPhase.idle;

_hasScheduledFrame = false;

try {

Timeline.startSync(‘Animate’, arguments: timelineWhitelistArguments);

_schedulerPhase = SchedulerPhase.transientCallbacks;

//执行动画的回调方法

final Map<int, _FrameCallbackEntry> callbacks = _transientCallbacks;

_transientCallbacks = <int, _FrameCallbackEntry>{};

callbacks.forEach((int id, _FrameCallbackEntry callbackEntry) {

if (!_removedIds.contains(id))

_invokeFrameCallback(callbackEntry.callback, _currentFrameTimeStamp, callbackEntry.debugStack);

});

_removedIds.clear();

} finally {

_schedulerPhase = SchedulerPhase.midFrameMicrotasks;

}

}

该方法主要功能是遍历_transientCallbacks，从前面小节[2.7]，可知该过程会执行Ticker._tick()方法。

2.10 Ticker._tick

[-> lib/src/scheduler/ticker.dart]

void _tick(Duration timeStamp) {

_animationId = null;

_startTime ??= timeStamp;

//[见小节2.11]

_onTick(timeStamp - _startTime);

//根据活跃状态来决定是否再次调度

if (shouldScheduleTick)

scheduleTick(rescheduling: true);

}

该方法主要功能：

• 小节[2.1.2]的Ticker初始化中，可知此处_onTick便是AnimationController的_tick()方法；

• 小节[2.5]已介绍当仍处于活跃状态，则会再次调度，回到小节[2.6]的scheduleTick()，从而形成动画的连续绘制过程。

2.11 AnimationController._tick

[-> lib/src/animation/animation_controller.dart]

void _tick(Duration elapsed) {

_lastElapsedDuration = elapsed;

//获取已过去的时长

final double elapsedInSeconds = elapsed.inMicroseconds.toDouble() / Duration.microsecondsPerSecond;

_value = _simulation.x(elapsedInSeconds).clamp(lowerBound, upperBound);

if (_simulation.isDone(elapsedInSeconds)) {

_status = (_direction == _AnimationDirection.forward) ?

AnimationStatus.completed :

AnimationStatus.dismissed;

stop(canceled: false); //当动画已完成，则停止

}

notifyListeners(); //通知监听器[见小节2.11.1]

_checkStatusChanged(); //通知状态监听器[见小节2.11.2]

}

2.11.1 notifyListeners

[-> lib/src/animation/listener_helpers.dart ::AnimationLocalListenersMixin]

void notifyListeners() {

final List localListeners = List.from(_listeners);

for (VoidCallback listener in localListeners) {

try {

if (_listeners.contains(listener))

listener();

} catch (exception, stack) {

…

}

}

}

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allback>.from(_listeners);

for (VoidCallback listener in localListeners) {

try {

if (_listeners.contains(listener))

listener();

} catch (exception, stack) {

…

}

}

}

文末

我总结了一些Android核心知识点，以及一些最新的大厂面试题、知识脑图和视频资料解析。

以后的路也希望我们能一起走下去。（谢谢大家一直以来的支持）

部分资料一览：

• 330页PDF Android学习核心笔记（内含8大板块）

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• Android BAT大厂面试题（有解析）

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