Tomcat-session的实现：线程安全与管理

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return AccessController.
doPrivileged(new GetSessionPrivilegedAction(create));
} else {
// RequestFacade 是个外观模式实现，核心请求还是会传递给 Request处理的
// org.apache.catalina.connector.Request
return request.getSession(create);
}
}

// org.apache.catalina.connector.Request#getSession(boolean)
/**

• @return the session associated with this Request, creating one
• if necessary and requested.
• @param create Create a new session if one does not exist
  */
  @Override
  public HttpSession getSession(boolean create) {
  // 由 create 字段决定是否需要创建新的session, 如果不存在的话。
  // Session 是tomcat的一个会话实现类，并非对接规范接口类，其会包装一个HttpSession，以便统一交互
  // 因为只有 HttpSession 才是 Servlet 的接口规范，在tomcat中会以 StandardSessionFacade 实现接口，其也是一个外观模式的实现，具体工作由 StandardSession 处理。
  Session session = doGetSession(create);
  if (session == null) {
  return null;
  }
  // 包装 Session 为 HttpSession 规范返回
  return session.getSession();
  }
  // org.apache.catalina.connector.Request#doGetSession
  protected Session doGetSession(boolean create) {

// There cannot be a session if no context has been assigned yet
// mappingData.context;
Context context = getContext();
if (context == null) {
return (null);
}

// Return the current session if it exists and is valid
// 此处检查session有效性时，也会做部分清理工作
if ((session != null) && !session.isValid()) {
session = null;
}
if (session != null) {
return (session);
}

// Return the requested session if it exists and is valid
// 获取manager 实例，即真正进行 Session 管理的类，其实主要分两种：1. 基于内存；2. 基于文件的持久化；
Manager manager = context.getManager();
if (manager == null) {
return (null); // Sessions are not supported
}
if (requestedSessionId != null) {
try {
// 如果不是第一次请求，则会带上服务返回的 sessionId, 就会主动查找原来的session
// 从 sessions 中查找即可
session = manager.findSession(requestedSessionId);
} catch (IOException e) {
session = null;
}
if ((session != null) && !session.isValid()) {
session = null;
}
// 后续请求，每次请求都会更新有效时间
if (session != null) {
session.access();
return (session);
}
}

// Create a new session if requested and the response is not committed
// 主动请求session时，才会继续后续逻辑
if (!create) {
return (null);
}
if (response != null
&& context.getServletContext()
.getEffectiveSessionTrackingModes()
.contains(SessionTrackingMode.COOKIE)
&& response.getResponse().isCommitted()) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
sm.getString(“coyoteRequest.sessionCreateCommitted”));
}

// Re-use session IDs provided by the client in very limited
// circumstances.
String sessionId = getRequestedSessionId();
if (requestedSessionSSL) {
// If the session ID has been obtained from the SSL handshake then
// use it.
} else if ((“/”.equals(context.getSessionCookiePath())
&& isRequestedSessionIdFromCookie())) {
/* This is the common(ish) use case: using the same session ID with

• multiple web applications on the same host. Typically this is
• used by Portlet implementations. It only works if sessions are
• tracked via cookies. The cookie must have a path of “/” else it
• won’t be provided for requests to all web applications.
• Any session ID provided by the client should be for a session
• that already exists somewhere on the host. Check if the context
• is configured for this to be confirmed.
  */
  if (context.getValidateClientProvidedNewSessionId()) {
  boolean found = false;
  for (Container container : getHost().findChildren()) {
  Manager m = ((Context) container).getManager();
  if (m != null) {
  try {
  if (m.findSession(sessionId) != null) {
  found = true;
  break;
  }
  } catch (IOException e) {
  // Ignore. Problems with this manager will be
  // handled elsewhere.
  }
  }
  }
  if (!found) {
  sessionId = null;
  }
  }
  } else {
  // 当session无效时，需要将原来的seesionId置空，删除并新创建一个使用
  sessionId = null;
  }
  // 创建session, StandardManager -> ManagerBase
  session = manager.createSession(sessionId);

// Creating a new session cookie based on that session
if (session != null
&& context.getServletContext()
.getEffectiveSessionTrackingModes()
.contains(SessionTrackingMode.COOKIE)) {
// 创建cookie信息，与session对应
Cookie cookie =
ApplicationSessionCookieConfig.createSessionCookie(
context, session.getIdInternal(), isSecure());
// 添加到response中，在响应结果一起返回给客户端
response.addSessionCookieInternal(cookie);
}

if (session == null) {
return null;
}
// 每次请求session时，必然刷新激活时间，以便判定会话是否超时
session.access();
return session;
}

从上面我们可以看到，session的流程大概是这样的：

1. 先查找是否有session信息存在，如果有则判断是否失效；
2. 如果不存在session或已失效，则使用一个新的sessionId（非必须）创建一个session实例；
3. session创建成功，则将sessionId写入到cookie信息中，以便客户端后续使用；
4. 每次请求完session,必定刷新下访问时间以续期；

session的管理主要有两种实现方式，类图如下：

我们先主要以基于内存的实现来理解下session的管理过程。实际上StandardManager基本就依托于 ManagerBase 就实现了Session管理功能，下面我们来看一下其创建session如何？

// org.apache.catalina.session.ManagerBase#createSession
@Override
public Session createSession(String sessionId) {
// 首先来个安全限制，允许同时存在多少会话
// 这个会话实际上代表的是一段时间的有效性，并非真正的用户有效使用在线，所以该值一般要求比预计的数量大些才好
if ((maxActiveSessions >= 0) &&
(getActiveSessions() >= maxActiveSessions)) {
rejectedSessions++;
throw new TooManyActiveSessionsException(
sm.getString(“managerBase.createSession.ise”),
maxActiveSessions);
}

// Recycle or create a Session instance
// 创建空的session 容器 return new StandardSession(this);
Session session = createEmptySession();

// Initialize the properties of the new session and return it
// 默认30分钟有效期
session.setNew(true);
session.setValid(true);
session.setCreationTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
session.setMaxInactiveInterval(getContext().getSessionTimeout() * 60);
String id = sessionId;
if (id == null) {
// sessionId 为空时，生成一个，随机id
id = generateSessionId();
}
// 设置sessionId, 注意此处不仅仅是set这么简单，其同时会将自身session注册到全局session管理器中.如下文
session.setId(id);
sessionCounter++;

SessionTiming timing = new SessionTiming(session.getCreationTime(), 0);
synchronized (sessionCreationTiming) {
// LinkedList, 添加一个，删除一个？
sessionCreationTiming.add(timing);
sessionCreationTiming.poll();
}
return (session);

}
// org.apache.catalina.session.StandardSession#setId
/**

• Set the session identifier for this session.
• @param id The new session identifier
  */
  @Override
  public void setId(String id) {
  setId(id, true);
  }
  @Override
  public void setId(String id, boolean notify) {
  // 如果原来的id不为空，则先删除原有的
  if ((this.id != null) && (manager != null))
  manager.remove(this);

this.id = id;
// 再将自身会话注册到 manager 中，即 sessions 中
if (manager != null)
manager.add(this);
// 通知监听者，这是框架该做好的事（扩展点），不过不是本文的方向，忽略
if (notify) {
tellNew();
}
}
// org.apache.catalina.session.ManagerBase#add
@Override
public void add(Session session) {
// 取出 sessionId, 添加到 sessions 容器，统一管理
sessions.put(session.getIdInternal(), session);
int size = getActiveSessions();
// 刷新最大活跃数，使用双重锁优化更新该值
if( size > maxActive ) {
synchronized(maxActiveUpdateLock) {
if( size > maxActive ) {
maxActive = size;
}
}
}
}
// 查找session也是异常简单，只管从 ConcurrentHashMap 中查找即可
// org.apache.catalina.session.ManagerBase#findSession
@Override
public Session findSession(String id) throws IOException {
if (id == null) {
return null;
}
return sessions.get(id);
}

创建好session后，需要进行随时的维护：我们看下tomcat是如何刷新访问时间的？可能比预想的简单，其仅是更新一个访问时间字段，再无其他。

// org.apache.catalina.session.StandardSession#access
/**

• Update the accessed time information for this session. This method
• should be called by the context when a request comes in for a particular
• session, even if the application does not reference it.
  */
  @Override
  public void access() {
  // 更新访问时间
  this.thisAccessedTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
  // 访问次数统计，默认不启用
  if (ACTIVITY_CHECK) {
  accessCount.incrementAndGet();
  }

}

最后，还需要看下 HttpSession 是如何被包装返回的？

// org.apache.catalina.session.StandardSession#getSession
/**

• Return the HttpSession for which this object
• is the facade.
  */
  @Override
  public HttpSession getSession() {

if (facade == null){
if (SecurityUtil.isPackageProtectionEnabled()){
final StandardSession fsession = this;
facade = AccessController.doPrivileged(
new PrivilegedAction(){
@Override
public StandardSessionFacade run(){
return new StandardSessionFacade(fsession);
}
});
} else {
// 直接使用 StandardSessionFacade 包装即可
facade = new StandardSessionFacade(this);
}
}
return (facade);

}

再最后，要说明的是，整个sessions的管理使用一个 ConcurrentHashMap 来存放全局会话信息，sessionId->session实例。

对于同一次http请求中，该session会被存储在当前的Request栈org.apache.catalina.connector.Request#session字段中，从而无需每次深入获取。每个请求进来后，会将session保存在当前的request信息中。

3. 过期session清理？

会话不可能不过期，不过期的也不叫会话了。

会话过期的触发时机主要有三个：1. 每次进行会话调用时，会主动有效性isValid()验证，此时如果发现过期可以主动清理： 2. 后台定时任务触发清理； 3. 启动或停止应用的时候清理；（这对于非内存式的存储会更有用些）

// case1. 请求时验证，如前面所述
// org.apache.catalina.connector.Request#doGetSession
protected Session doGetSession(boolean create) {
…
// Return the current session if it exists and is valid
if ((session != null) && !session.isValid()) {
session = null;
}
if (session != null) {
return (session);
}
…
}

// case2. 后台定时任务清理
// org.apache.catalina.session.ManagerBase#backgroundProcess
@Override
public void backgroundProcess() {
// 并非每次定时任务到达时都会进行清理，而是要根据其清理频率设置来运行
// 默认是 6
count = (count + 1) % processExpiresFrequency;
if (count == 0)
processExpires();
}
/**

• Invalidate all sessions that have expired.
  */
  public void processExpires() {

long timeNow = System.currentTimeMillis();
// 找出所有的sessions, 转化为数组遍历
Session sessions[] = findSessions();
int expireHere = 0 ;

if(log.isDebugEnabled())
log.debug("Start expire sessions " + getName() + " at " + timeNow + " sessioncount " + sessions.length);
for (int i = 0; i < sessions.length; i++) {
// 事实上后台任务也是调用 isValid() 方法 进行过期任务清理的
if (sessions[i]!=null && !sessions[i].isValid()) {
expireHere++;
}
}
long timeEnd = System.currentTimeMillis();
if(log.isDebugEnabled())
log.debug("End expire sessions " + getName() + " processingTime " + (timeEnd - timeNow) + " expired sessions: " + expireHere);
processingTime += ( timeEnd - timeNow );

}

//case3. start/stop 时触发过期清理(生命周期事件)
// org.apache.catalina.session.StandardManager#startInternal
/**

• Start this component and implement the requirements
• of {@link org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase#startInternal()}.
• @exception LifecycleException if this component detects a fatal error
• that prevents this component from being used
  */
  @Override
  protected synchronized void startInternal() throws LifecycleException {

super.startInternal();

// Load unloaded sessions, if any
try {
// doLoad() 调用
load();
} catch (Throwable t) {
ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t);
log.error(sm.getString(“standardManager.managerLoad”), t);
}

setState(LifecycleState.STARTING);
}

/**

• Load any currently active sessions that were previously unloaded
• to the appropriate persistence mechanism, if any. If persistence is not
• supported, this method returns without doing anything.
• @exception ClassNotFoundException if a serialized class cannot be
• found during the reload
• @exception IOException if an input/output error occurs
  */
  protected void doLoad() throws ClassNotFoundException, IOException {
  if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
  log.debug(“Start: Loading persisted sessions”);
  }

// Initialize our internal data structures
sessions.clear();

// Open an input stream to the specified pathname, if any
File file = file();
if (file == null) {
return;
}
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug(sm.getString(“standardManager.loading”, pathname));
}
Loader loader = null;
ClassLoader classLoader = null;
Log logger = null;
try (FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file.getAbsolutePath());
BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(fis)) {
Context c = getContext();
loader = c.getLoader();
logger = c.getLogger();
if (loader != null) {
classLoader = loader.getClassLoader();
}
if (classLoader == null) {
classLoader = getClass().getClassLoader();
}

// Load the previously unloaded active sessions
synchronized (sessions) {
try (ObjectInputStream ois = new CustomObjectInputStream(bis, classLoader, logger,
getSessionAttributeValueClassNamePattern(),
getWarnOnSessionAttributeFilterFailure())) {
Integer count = (Integer) ois.readObject();
int n = count.intValue();
if (log.isDebugEnabled())
log.debug(“Loading " + n + " persisted sessions”);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
StandardSession session = getNewSession();
session.readObjectData(ois);
session.setManager(this);
sessions.put(session.getIdInternal(), session);
session.activate();
if (!session.isValidInternal()) {
// If session is already invalid,
// expire session to prevent memory leak.
// 主动调用 expire
session.setValid(true);
session.expire();
}
sessionCounter++;
}
} finally {
// Delete the persistent storage file
if (file.exists()) {
file.delete();
}
}
}
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug(“No persisted data file found”);
}
return;
}

if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug(“Finish: Loading persisted sessions”);
}
}
// stopInternal() 事件到达时清理 sessions
/**

• Save any currently active sessions in the appropriate persistence
• mechanism, if any. If persistence is not supported, this method
• returns without doing anything.
• @exception IOException if an input/output error occurs
  */
  protected void doUnload() throws IOException {

if (log.isDebugEnabled())
log.debug(sm.getString(“standardManager.unloading.debug”));

if (sessions.isEmpty()) {
log.debug(sm.getString(“standardManager.unloading.nosessions”));
return; // nothing to do
}

// Open an output stream to the specified pathname, if any
File file = file();
if (file == null) {
return;
}
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug(sm.getString(“standardManager.unloading”, pathname));
}

// Keep a note of sessions that are expired
ArrayList list = new ArrayList<>();

try (FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file.getAbsolutePath());
BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(fos);
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bos)) {

synchronized (sessions) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug(“Unloading " + sessions.size() + " sessions”);
}
// Write the number of active sessions, followed by the details
oos.writeObject(Integer.valueOf(sessions.size()));
for (Session s : sessions.values()) {
StandardSession session = (StandardSession) s;
list.add(session);
session.passivate();
session.writeObjectData(oos);
}
}
}

// Expire all the sessions we just wrote
// 将所有session失效，实际上应用即将关闭，失不失效的应该也无所谓了
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug(“Expiring " + list.size() + " persisted sessions”);
}
for (StandardSession session : list) {
try {
session.expire(false);
} catch (Throwable t) {
ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t);
} finally {
session.recycle();
}
}

if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug(“Unloading complete”);
}
}

接下来我们看下具体如何清理过期的会话？实际应该就是一个remove的事。

// org.apache.catalina.session.StandardSession#isValid
/**

• Return the isValid flag for this session.
  */
  @Override
  public boolean isValid() {

if (!this.isValid) {
return false;
}

if (this.expiring) {
return true;
}

if (ACTIVITY_CHECK && accessCount.get() > 0) {
return true;
}
// 超过有效期，主动触发清理
if (maxInactiveInterval > 0) {
int timeIdle = (int) (getIdleTimeInternal() / 1000L);
if (timeIdle >= maxInactiveInterval) {
expire(true);
}
}

return this.isValid;
}

// org.apache.catalina.session.StandardSession#expire(boolean)
/**

• Perform the internal processing required to invalidate this session,
• without triggering an exception if the session has already expired.
• @param notify Should we notify listeners about the demise of
• this session?
  */
  public void expire(boolean notify) {

// Check to see if session has already been invalidated.
// Do not check expiring at this point as expire should not return until
// isValid is false
if (!isValid)
return;
// 上锁保证线程安全
synchronized (this) {
// Check again, now we are inside the sync so this code only runs once
// Double check locking - isValid needs to be volatile
// The check of expiring is to ensure that an infinite loop is not
// entered as per bug 56339
if (expiring || !isValid)
return;

if (manager == null)
return;

// Mark this session as “being expired”
expiring = true;

// Notify interested application event listeners
// FIXME - Assumes we call listeners in reverse order
Context context = manager.getContext();

// The call to expire() may not have been triggered by the webapp.
// Make sure the webapp’s class loader is set when calling the
// listeners
if (notify) {
ClassLoader oldContextClassLoader = null;
try {
oldContextClassLoader = context.bind(Globals.IS_SECURITY_ENABLED, null);
Object listeners[] = context.getApplicationLifecycleListeners();
if (listeners != null && listeners.length > 0) {
HttpSessionEvent event =
new HttpSessionEvent(getSession());
for (int i = 0; i < listeners.length; i++) {
int j = (listeners.length - 1) - i;
if (!(listeners[j] instanceof HttpSessionListener))
continue;
HttpSessionListener listener =
(HttpSessionListener) listeners[j];
try {
context.fireContainerEvent(“beforeSessionDestroyed”,
listener);
listener.sessionDestroyed(event);
context.fireContainerEvent(“afterSessionDestroyed”,
listener);
} catch (Throwable t) {
ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t);
try {
context.fireContainerEvent(
“afterSessionDestroyed”, listener);
} catch (Exception e) {
// Ignore
}
manager.getContext().getLogger().error
(sm.getString(“standardSession.sessionEvent”), t);
}
}
}
} finally {
context.unbind(Globals.IS_SECURITY_ENABLED, oldContextClassLoader);
}
}

if (ACTIVITY_CHECK) {
accessCount.set(0);
}

// Remove this session from our manager’s active sessions
// 从ManagerBase 中删除
manager.remove(this, true);

// Notify interested session event listeners
if (notify) {
fireSessionEvent(Session.SESSION_DESTROYED_EVENT, null);
}

// Call the logout method
if (principal instanceof TomcatPrincipal) {
TomcatPrincipal gp = (TomcatPrincipal) principal;
try {
gp.logout();
} catch (Exception e) {
manager.getContext().getLogger().error(
sm.getString(“standardSession.logoutfail”),
e);
}
}

// We have completed expire of this session
setValid(false);
expiring = false;

// Unbind any objects associated with this session
String keys[] = keys();
ClassLoader oldContextClassLoader = null;
try {
oldContextClassLoader = context.bind(Globals.IS_SECURITY_ENABLED, null);
for (int i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
removeAttributeInternal(keys[i], notify);
}

面试题总结

其它面试题（springboot、mybatis、并发、java中高级面试总结等）

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.logoutfail"),
e);
}
}

// We have completed expire of this session
setValid(false);
expiring = false;

// Unbind any objects associated with this session
String keys[] = keys();
ClassLoader oldContextClassLoader = null;
try {
oldContextClassLoader = context.bind(Globals.IS_SECURITY_ENABLED, null);
for (int i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
removeAttributeInternal(keys[i], notify);
}

面试题总结

其它面试题（springboot、mybatis、并发、java中高级面试总结等）

[外链图片转存中…(img-ZPnodH2g-1714769839001)]

[外链图片转存中…(img-PhE9j8b6-1714769839001)]

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