如何解决APP抓包问题【网络安全】_app 防止抓包

还有一种情况是，导入到系统证书仍抓不到包，并且浏览器会报NET::ERR_CERT_VALIDITY_TOO_LONG错误。

原因是chrome从2018年开始只信任有效期少于825天（27个月）的证书，而burp证书有效期过长。

解决方案是自己做一个低于27个月的root证书导入burp，再通过burp重新导出证书并放入到系统证书路径下。

openssl genrsa -out key.pem 3072 -nodes
openssl req -new -x509 -key key.pem -sha256 -config openssl.cnf -out cert.pem -days 730 -subj "/C=JP/ST=/L=/O=m4bln/CN=MY CA"
openssl pkcs12 -export -inkey key.pem -in cert.pem -out cert_and_key.pfx
把cert_and_key.pfx导入burp

复制代码

目前还没遇到过这种情况，但是如果遇到了这种问题要知道怎么解决。

以上两种方法都是仅依靠了系统校验证书的方式进行抓包，APP在整个请求HTTPS的请求过程时还并未进行证书校验，和在普通的浏览器中访问并无区别，只是要将想要被信任的证书放入系统证书路径内。

4.SSLPinning

对于像ttt.com这种自签名的免费证书，不需要CA权威认证的证书，大多数APP开发商都会使用。那么如果在安卓开发的过程中，将证书的验证逻辑放在APP内部，与系统和浏览器毫无相关，这时再想将burp证书导入系统受信任路径下也于事无补了。

APP自己校验证书，分为两种，一种是将验证逻辑也在代码中，一种是写在安卓7.0之后才有的network-security-config中。

验证是方式也有两种，一种是验证证书公钥的hash值，一种是直接验证证书的公钥文件。

这种通过APP自身的验证方式就叫做证书绑定(也叫Certificate Pinning或SSL Pinning)。

那么如何去判断一个APP是否使用了证书绑定呢？首先拿到apk文件，用apktool工具进行反编译，查看敏感文件

apktool d -s <file.apk> -o <outdir>

复制代码

开发人员经常会将网络配置的相关文件保存到指定位置，如下图就指定在了xml目录下。

所以在反编译后的res/xml目录下会有一个network_security_config.xml文件，打开看到标签，说明使用了证书绑定机制。

在配置文件中检验的两种方法

<network-security-config xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">
    <!--允许http访问-->
    <base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true"
        tools:ignore="InsecureBaseConfiguration" />

    <!--证书校验-->
    <domain-config>
        <domain includeSubdomains="true">www.ttt.com</domain>
        <trust-anchors>
            <certificates src="@raw/ttt"/>
        </trust-anchors>
    </domain-config>

    <!--公钥校验-->
    <domain-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
        <domain includeSubdomains="true">ttt.com</domain>
        <!--利用xml校验证书公钥的hash值-->
        <pin-set expiration="2099-01-01"
            tools:ignore="MissingBackupPin">
            <pin digest="SHA-256">7VMdvZE3PGbxb0Pgf1PlCp+MI8KZ2ZC5psM8TIylNDA=</pin>
        </pin-set>
        <!--利用xml校验证书的公钥文件-->
        <trust-anchors>
            <certificates src="@raw/ttt"/>
        </trust-anchors>
    </domain-config>

</network-security-config>

复制代码

这两种校验机制出现一种即可，从代码中可以看出，ttt.com就是安卓自己要校验绑定的域名。

如果只是在这个文件进行校验，有两种解决方案：一是直接将文件中校验的部分或注释掉，再重新打包和签名即可，但是这过程又有些麻烦，并不是上上策，如果遇到了不能重打包的apk就尴尬了。。。二是最常用的也是最好用的frida来hook关键函数进行绕过，后面会讲解。当然有些人会直接在真机或者模拟器上安装xposed模块，但是我个人觉得每次使用都要软重启，可能还会造成卡机，所以感觉还是使用frida最方便。

在代码中检验的两种方法

1.利用代码校验证书的公钥hash

String hostname = "www.ttt.com";
CertificatePinner certificatePinner = new CertificatePinner.Builder()
    .add(hostname, "sha256/7VMdvZE3PGbxb0Pgf1PlCp+MI8KZ2ZC5psM8TIylNDA=")
    .build();
OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
    .certificatePinner(certificatePinner)
    .hostnameVerifier(new HostnameVerifier() {
        @Override
        public boolean verify(String hostname, SSLSession session) {
            return true;
        }
    }).build();

复制代码

2.利用代码校验证书的公钥证书文件

// 获取证书输入流
InputStream openRawResource = getApplicationContext().getResources().openRawResource(R.raw.ttt); 
Certificate ca = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509").generateCertificate(openRawResource);
// 创建 Keystore 包含我们的证书
KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());
keyStore.load(null, null);
keyStore.setCertificateEntry("ca", ca);
// 创建一个 TrustManager 仅把 Keystore 中的证书 作为信任的锚点
TrustManagerFactory trustManagerFactory = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm()); // 建议不要使用自己实现的X509TrustManager，而是使用默认的X509TrustManager
trustManagerFactory.init(keyStore);
// 用 TrustManager 初始化一个 SSLContext
sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");  //定义：public static SSLContext sslContext = null;
sslContext.init(null, trustManagerFactory.getTrustManagers(), new SecureRandom());

OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
    .sslSocketFactory(sslContext.getSocketFactory(),
                      (X509TrustManager) trustManagerFactory.getTrustManagers()[0] )
    .hostnameVerifier(new HostnameVerifier() {
        @Override
        public boolean verify(String hostname, SSLSession session) {
            return true;
        }
    }).build();

复制代码

通过frida进行hook，这种绕过的脚本也很多，比较熟悉的有JustTrustMe和DroidSSLUnpinning，他们的底层原理都是一样的，通过hook关键的验证函数，进行逻辑绕过。

frida的安装过程就不详细讲解了，网上很多教程。这里我使用的是frida 12.8.0 + frida-tools=5.3.0

这里我使用的hook.js的脚本如下：

/*  Android ssl certificate pinning bypass script for various methods
by Maurizio Siddu modify by Ch3nYe

Run with:
frida -U -f [APP_ID] -l frida_multiple_unpinning.js --no-pause
*/
setTimeout(function() {
Java.perform(function () {
console.log('');
console.log('======');
console.log('[#] Android Bypass for various Certificate Pinning methods [#]');
console.log('======');

var X509TrustManager = Java.use('javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager');
var SSLContext = Java.use('javax.net.ssl.SSLContext');

// TrustManager (Android < 7) //

var TrustManager = Java.registerClass({
// Implement a custom TrustManager
name: 'dev.asd.test.TrustManager',
implements: [X509TrustManager],
methods: {
checkClientTrusted: function (chain, authType) {},
checkServerTrusted: function (chain, authType) {},
getAcceptedIssuers: function () {return []; }
}
});
// Prepare the TrustManager array to pass to SSLContext.init()
var TrustManagers = [TrustManager.$new()];
// Get a handle on the init() on the SSLContext class
var SSLContext_init = SSLContext.init.overload(
'[Ljavax.net.ssl.KeyManager;', '[Ljavax.net.ssl.TrustManager;', 'java.security.SecureRandom');
try {
// Override the init method, specifying the custom TrustManager
SSLContext_init.implementation = function(keyManager, trustManager, secureRandom) {
console.log('[+] Bypassing Trustmanager (Android < 7) request');
SSLContext_init.call(this, keyManager, TrustManagers, secureRandom);
};
} catch (err) {
console.log('[-] TrustManager (Android < 7) pinner not found');
//console.log(err);
}

// OkHTTPv3 (quadruple bypass) //
/
try {
// Bypass OkHTTPv3 {1}
var okhttp3_Activity_1 = Java.use('okhttp3.CertificatePinner');
okhttp3_Activity_1.check.overload('java.lang.String', 'java.util.List').implementation = function (a, b) {
console.log('[+] Bypassing OkHTTPv3 {1}: ' + a);
return true;
};
} catch (err) {
console.log('[-] OkHTTPv3 {1} pinner not found');
//console.log(err);
}
try {
// Bypass OkHTTPv3 {2}
// This method of CertificatePinner.check could be found in some old Android app
var okhttp3_Activity_2 = Java.use('okhttp3.CertificatePinner');
okhttp3_Activity_2.check.overload('java.lang.String', 'java.security.cert.Certificate').implementation = function (a, b) {
console.log('[+] Bypassing OkHTTPv3 {2}: ' + a);
return true;
};
} catch (err) {
console.log('[-] OkHTTPv3 {2} pinner not found');
//console.log(err);
}
try {
// Bypass OkHTTPv3 {3}
var okhttp3_Activity_3 = Java.use('okhttp3.CertificatePinner');
okhttp3_Activity_3.check.overload('java.lang.String', '[Ljava.security.cert.Certificate;').implementation = function (a, b) {
console.log('[+] Bypassing OkHTTPv3 {3}: ' + a);
return true;
};
} catch(err) {
console.log('[-] OkHTTPv3 {3} pinner not found');
//console.log(err);
}
try {
// Bypass OkHTTPv3 {4}
var okhttp3_Activity_4 = Java.use('okhttp3.CertificatePinner');
okhttp3_Activity_4[''].implementation = function (a, b) {
console.log('[+] Bypassing OkHTTPv3 {4}: ' + a);
};
} catch(err) {
console.log('[-] OkHTTPv3 {4} pinner not found');
//console.log(err);
}

// Trustkit (triple bypass) //
//
try {
// Bypass Trustkit {1}
var trustkit_Activity_1 = Java.use('com.datatheorem.android.trustkit.pinning.OkHostnameVerifier');
trustkit_Activity_1.verify.overload('java.lang.String', 'javax.net.ssl.SSLSession').implementation = function (a, b) {
console.log('[+] Bypassing Trustkit {1}: ' + a);
return true;
};
} catch (err) {
console.log('[-] Trustkit {1} pinner not found');
//console.log(err);
}
try {
// Bypass Trustkit {2}
var trustkit_Activity_2 = Java.use('com.datatheorem.android.trustkit.pinning.OkHostnameVerifier');
trustkit_Activity_2.verify.overload('java.lang.String', 'java.security.cert.X509Certificate').implementation = function (a, b) {
console.log('[+] Bypassing Trustkit {2}: ' + a);
return true;
};
} catch (err) {
console.log('[-] Trustkit {2} pinner not found');
//console.log(err);
}
try {
// Bypass Trustkit {3}
var trustkit_PinningTrustManager = Java.use('com.datatheorem.android.trustkit.pinning.PinningTrustManager');
trustkit_PinningTrustManager.checkServerTrusted.implementation = function () {
console.log('[+] Bypassing Trustkit {3}');
};
} catch (err) {
console.log('[-] Trustkit {3} pinner not found');
//console.log(err);
}

// TrustManagerImpl (Android > 7) //

try {
var TrustManagerImpl = Java.use('com.android.org.conscrypt.TrustManagerImpl');
TrustManagerImpl.verifyChain.implementation = function (untrustedChain, trustAnchorChain, host, clientAuth, ocspData, tlsSctData) {
console.log('[+] Bypassing TrustManagerImpl (Android > 7): ' + host);
return untrustedChain;
};
} catch (err) {
console.log('[-] TrustManagerImpl (Android > 7) pinner not found');
//console.log(err);
}

// Appcelerator Titanium //
///
try {
var appcelerator_PinningTrustManager = Java.use('appcelerator.https.PinningTrustManager');
appcelerator_PinningTrustManager.checkServerTrusted.implementation = function () {
console.log('[+] Bypassing Appcelerator PinningTrustManager');
};
} catch (err) {
console.log('[-] Appcelerator PinningTrustManager pinner not found');
//console.log(err);
}

// OpenSSLSocketImpl Conscrypt //
/
try {
var OpenSSLSocketImpl = Java.use('com.android.org.conscrypt.OpenSSLSocketImpl');
OpenSSLSocketImpl.verifyCertificateChain.implementation = function (certRefs, JavaObject, authMethod) {
console.log('[+] Bypassing OpenSSLSocketImpl Conscrypt');
};
} catch (err) {
console.log('[-] OpenSSLSocketImpl Conscrypt pinner not found');
//console.log(err);
}

// OpenSSLEngineSocketImpl Conscrypt //
///
try {
var OpenSSLEngineSocketImpl_Activity = Java.use('com.android.org.conscrypt.OpenSSLEngineSocketImpl');
OpenSSLSocketImpl_Activity.verifyCertificateChain.overload('[Ljava.lang.Long;', 'java.lang.String').implementation = function (a, b) {
console.log('[+] Bypassing OpenSSLEngineSocketImpl Conscrypt: ' + b);
};
} catch (err) {
console.log('[-] OpenSSLEngineSocketImpl Conscrypt pinner not found');
//console.log(err);
}

// OpenSSLSocketImpl Apache Harmony //
//
try {
var OpenSSLSocketImpl_Harmony = Java.use('org.apache.harmony.xnet.provider.jsse.OpenSSLSocketImpl');
OpenSSLSocketImpl_Harmony.verifyCertificateChain.implementation = function (asn1DerEncodedCertificateChain, authMethod) {
console.log('[+] Bypassing OpenSSLSocketImpl Apache Harmony');
};
} catch (err) {
console.log('[-] OpenSSLSocketImpl Apache Harmony pinner not found');
//console.log(err);
}

// PhoneGap sslCertificateChecker (https://github.com/EddyVerbruggen/SSLCertificateChecker-PhoneGap-Plugin) //
//
try {
var phonegap_Activity = Java.use('nl.xservices.plugins.sslCertificateChecker');
phonegap_Activity.execute.overload('java.lang.String', 'org.json.JSONArray', 'org.apache.cordova.CallbackContext').implementation = function (a, b, c) {
console.log('[+] Bypassing PhoneGap sslCertificateChecker: ' + a);
return true;
};
} catch (err) {
console.log('[-] PhoneGap sslCertificateChecker pinner not found');
//console.log(err);
}

// IBM MobileFirst pinTrustedCertificatePublicKey (double bypass) //

try {
// Bypass IBM MobileFirst {1}
var WLClient_Activity_1 = Java.use('com.worklight.wlclient.api.WLClient');
WLClient_Activity_1.getInstance().pinTrustedCertificatePublicKey.overload('java.lang.String').implementation = function (cert) {
console.log('[+] Bypassing IBM MobileFirst pinTrustedCertificatePublicKey {1}: ' + cert);
return;
};
} catch (err) {
console.log('[-] IBM MobileFirst pinTrustedCertificatePublicKey {1} pinner not found');
//console.log(err);
}
try {
// Bypass IBM MobileFirst {2}
var WLClient_Activity_2 = Java.use('com.worklight.wlclient.api.WLClient');
WLClient_Activity_2.getInstance().pinTrustedCertificatePublicKey.overload('[Ljava.lang.String;').implementation = function (cert) {
console.log('[+] Bypassing IBM MobileFirst pinTrustedCertificatePublicKey {2}: ' + cert);
return;
};
} catch (err) {
console.log('[-] IBM MobileFirst pinTrustedCertificatePublicKey {2} pinner not found');
//console.log(err);
}

// IBM WorkLight (ancestor of MobileFirst) HostNameVerifierWithCertificatePinning (quadruple bypass) //
///
try {
// Bypass IBM WorkLight {1}
var worklight_Activity_1 = Java.use('com.worklight.wlclient.certificatepinning.HostNameVerifierWithCertificatePinning');
worklight_Activity_1.verify.overload('java.lang.String', 'javax.net.ssl.SSLSocket').implementation = function (a, b) {
console.log('[+] Bypassing IBM WorkLight HostNameVerifierWithCertificatePinning {1}: ' + a);
return;
};
} catch (err) {
console.log('[-] IBM WorkLight HostNameVerifierWithCertificatePinning {1} pinner not found');
//console.log(err);
}
try {
// Bypass IBM WorkLight {2}
var worklight_Activity_2 = Java.use('com.worklight.wlclient.certificatepinning.HostNameVerifierWithCertificatePinning');
worklight_Activity_2.verify.overload('java.lang.String', 'java.security.cert.X509Certificate').implementation = function (a, b) {
console.log('[+] Bypassing IBM WorkLight HostNameVerifierWithCertificatePinning {2}: ' + a);
return;
};
} catch (err) {
console.log('[-] IBM WorkLight HostNameVerifierWithCertificatePinning {2} pinner not found');
//console.log(err);
}
try {
// Bypass IBM WorkLight {3}
var worklight_Activity_3 = Java.use('com.worklight.wlclient.certificatepinning.HostNameVerifierWithCertificatePinning');
worklight_Activity_3.verify.overload('java.lang.String', '[Ljava.lang.String;', '[Ljava.lang.String;').implementation = function (a, b) {
console.log('[+] Bypassing IBM WorkLight HostNameVerifierWithCertificatePinning {3}: ' + a);
return;
};
} catch (err) {
console.log('[-] IBM WorkLight HostNameVerifierWithCertificatePinning {3} pinner not found');
//console.log(err);
}
try {
// Bypass IBM WorkLight {4}
var worklight_Activity_4 = Java.use('com.worklight.wlclient.certificatepinning.HostNameVerifierWithCertificatePinning');
worklight_Activity_4.verify.overload('java.lang.String', 'javax.net.ssl.SSLSession').implementation = function (a, b) {
console.log('[+] Bypassing IBM WorkLight HostNameVerifierWithCertificatePinning {4}: ' + a);
return true;
};
} catch (err) {
console.log('[-] IBM WorkLight HostNameVerifierWithCertificatePinning {4} pinner not found');
//console.log(err);
}

// Conscrypt CertPinManager //
//
try {
var conscrypt_CertPinManager_Activity = Java.use('com.android.org.conscrypt.CertPinManager');
conscrypt_CertPinManager_Activity.isChainValid.overload('java.lang.String', 'java.util.List').implementation = function (a, b) {
console.log('[+] Bypassing Conscrypt CertPinManager: ' + a);
return true;
};
} catch (err) {
console.log('[-] Conscrypt CertPinManager pinner not found');
//console.log(err);
}

// CWAC-Netsecurity (unofficial back-port pinner for Android<4.2) CertPinManager //
///
try {
var cwac_CertPinManager_Activity = Java.use('com.commonsware.cwac.netsecurity.conscrypt.CertPinManager');
cwac_CertPinManager_Activity.isChainValid.overload('java.lang.String', 'java.util.List').implementation = function (a, b) {
console.log('[+] Bypassing CWAC-Netsecurity CertPinManager: ' + a);
return true;
};
} catch (err) {
console.log('[-] CWAC-Netsecurity CertPinManager pinner not found');
//console.log(err);
}

// Worklight Androidgap WLCertificatePinningPlugin //
/
try {
var androidgap_WLCertificatePinningPlugin_Activity = Java.use('com.worklight.androidgap.plugin.WLCertificatePinningPlugin');
androidgap_WLCertificatePinningPlugin_Activity.execute.overload('java.lang.String', 'org.json.JSONArray', 'org.apache.cordova.CallbackContext').implementation = function (a, b, c) {
console.log('[+] Bypassing Worklight Androidgap WLCertificatePinningPlugin: ' + a);
return true;
};
} catch (err) {
console.log('[-] Worklight Androidgap WLCertificatePinningPlugin pinner not found');
//console.log(err);
}

// Netty FingerprintTrustManagerFactory //
//
try {
var netty_FingerprintTrustManagerFactory = Java.use('io.netty.handler.ssl.util.FingerprintTrustManagerFactory');
//NOTE: sometimes this below implementation could be useful
//var netty_FingerprintTrustManagerFactory = Java.use('org.jboss.netty.handler.ssl.util.FingerprintTrustManagerFactory');
netty_FingerprintTrustManagerFactory.checkTrusted.implementation = function (type, chain) {
console.log('[+] Bypassing Netty FingerprintTrustManagerFactory');
};
} catch (err) {
console.log('[-] Netty FingerprintTrustManagerFactory pinner not found');
//console.log(err);
}

// Squareup CertificatePinner [OkHTTP<v3] (double bypass) //

try {
// Bypass Squareup CertificatePinner  {1}
var Squareup_CertificatePinner_Activity_1 = Java.use('com.squareup.okhttp.CertificatePinner');
Squareup_CertificatePinner_Activity_1.check.overload('java.lang.String', 'java.security.cert.Certificate').implementation = function (a, b) {
console.log('[+] Bypassing Squareup CertificatePinner {1}: ' + a);
return;
};
} catch (err) {
console.log('[-] Squareup CertificatePinner {1} pinner not found');
//console.log(err);
}
try {
// Bypass Squareup CertificatePinner {2}
var Squareup_CertificatePinner_Activity_2 = Java.use('com.squareup.okhttp.CertificatePinner');
Squareup_CertificatePinner_Activity_2.check.overload('java.lang.String', 'java.util.List').implementation = function (a, b) {
console.log('[+] Bypassing Squareup CertificatePinner {2}: ' + a);
return;
};
} catch (err) {
console.log('[-] Squareup CertificatePinner {2} pinner not found');
//console.log(err);
}

// Squareup OkHostnameVerifier [OkHTTP v3] (double bypass) //
/
try {
// Bypass Squareup OkHostnameVerifier {1}
var Squareup_OkHostnameVerifier_Activity_1 = Java.use('com.squareup.okhttp.internal.tls.OkHostnameVerifier');
Squareup_OkHostnameVerifier_Activity_1.verify.overload('java.lang.String', 'java.security.cert.X509Certificate').implementation = function (a, b) {
console.log('[+] Bypassing Squareup OkHostnameVerifier {1}: ' + a);
return true;
};
} catch (err) {
console.log('[-] Squareup OkHostnameVerifier pinner not found');
//console.log(err);
}
try {
// Bypass Squareup OkHostnameVerifier {2}
var Squareup_OkHostnameVerifier_Activity_2 = Java.use('com.squareup.okhttp.internal.tls.OkHostnameVerifier');
Squareup_OkHostnameVerifier_Activity_2.verify.overload('java.lang.String', 'javax.net.ssl.SSLSession').implementation = function (a, b) {
console.log('[+] Bypassing Squareup OkHostnameVerifier {2}: ' + a);
return true;
};
} catch (err) {
console.log('[-] Squareup OkHostnameVerifier pinner not found');
//console.log(err);
}

// Android WebViewClient (double bypass) //
///
try {
// Bypass WebViewClient {1} (deprecated from Android 6)
var AndroidWebViewClient_Activity_1 = Java.use('android.webkit.WebViewClient');
AndroidWebViewClient_Activity_1.onReceivedSslError.overload('android.webkit.WebView', 'android.webkit.SslErrorHandler', 'android.net.http.SslError').implementation = function (obj1, obj2, obj3) {
console.log('[+] Bypassing Android WebViewClient {1}');
};
} catch (err) {
console.log('[-] Android WebViewClient {1} pinner not found');
//console.log(err)
}
try {
// Bypass WebViewClient {2}
var AndroidWebViewClient_Activity_2 = Java.use('android.webkit.WebViewClient');
AndroidWebViewClient_Activity_2.onReceivedSslError.overload('android.webkit.WebView', 'android.webkit.WebResourceRequest', 'android.webkit.WebResourceError').implementation = function (obj1, obj2, obj3) {
console.log('[+] Bypassing Android WebViewClient {2}');
};
} catch (err) {
console.log('[-] Android WebViewClient {2} pinner not found');
//console.log(err)
}

// Apache Cordova WebViewClient //
//
try {
var CordovaWebViewClient_Activity = Java.use('org.apache.cordova.CordovaWebViewClient');
CordovaWebViewClient_Activity.onReceivedSslError.overload('android.webkit.WebView', 'android.webkit.SslErrorHandler', 'android.net.http.SslError').implementation = function (obj1, obj2, obj3) {
console.log('[+] Bypassing Apache Cordova WebViewClient');
obj3.proceed();
};
} catch (err) {
console.log('[-] Apache Cordova WebViewClient pinner not found');
//console.log(err);
}

// Boye AbstractVerifier //
///
try {


### 一、网安学习成长路线图


网安所有方向的技术点做的整理，形成各个领域的知识点汇总，它的用处就在于，你可以按照上面的知识点去找对应的学习资源，保证自己学得较为全面。  
 ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/aa7be04dc8684d7ea43acc0151aebbf1.png)


### 二、网安视频合集


观看零基础学习视频，看视频学习是最快捷也是最有效果的方式，跟着视频中老师的思路，从基础到深入，还是很容易入门的。  
 ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/f0aeee2eec7a48f4ad7d083932cb095d.png)


### 三、精品网安学习书籍


当我学到一定基础，有自己的理解能力的时候，会去阅读一些前辈整理的书籍或者手写的笔记资料，这些笔记详细记载了他们对一些技术点的理解，这些理解是比较独到，可以学到不一样的思路。  
 ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/078ea1d4cda342f496f9276a4cda5fcf.png)


### 四、网络安全源码合集+工具包


光学理论是没用的，要学会跟着一起敲，要动手实操，才能将自己的所学运用到实际当中去，这时候可以搞点实战案例来学习。  
 ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/e54c0bac8f3049928b488dc1e5080fc5.png)


### 五、网络安全面试题


最后就是大家最关心的网络安全面试题板块  
 ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/15c1192cad414044b4dd41f3df44433d.png)![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/b07abbfab1fd4edc800d7db3eabb956e.png)  



**网上学习资料一大堆，但如果学到的知识不成体系，遇到问题时只是浅尝辄止，不再深入研究，那么很难做到真正的技术提升。**

**[需要这份系统化资料的朋友，可以点击这里获取](https://bbs.csdn.net/topics/618540462)**

**一个人可以走的很快，但一群人才能走的更远！不论你是正从事IT行业的老鸟或是对IT行业感兴趣的新人，都欢迎加入我们的的圈子（技术交流、学习资源、职场吐槽、大厂内推、面试辅导），让我们一起学习成长！**