Dell服务器RAID常用管理命令总结_enclosure affinity，最新软件测试面试题整理

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正文

各种设备和磁盘的不同状态：
Device |Normal|Damage|Rebuild|Normal
Virtual Drive |Optimal|Degraded|Degraded|Optimal
Physical Drive |Online|Failed –> Unconfigured|Rebuild|Online

通过脚本检测RAID 磁盘状态


Linux下脚本

#!/bin/bash
#check raid disk status
MEGACLI="/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 "
$MEGACLI -pdlist -aALL | grep “Firmware state” | awk -F : ‘{print $2}’ | awk -F , ‘{print $1}’ >/tmp/fireware.log
$MEGACLI -pdlist -aALL | grep -E “Media Error|Other Error” | awk -F : ‘{print $2}’ >/tmp/disk.log
for i in cat < /tmp/disk.log
do
if [ $i -ne 0 ]
then
curl “http://xxxxxxB&state=ALARM&description=raid_disk_error”
fi
done
for i in cat < /tmp/fireware.log
do
if [ $i != Online ]
then
curl “http://xxxxxxstate=ALARM&description=raid_disk_offline”
fi
done

**CentOS安装megacli**

yum install megacli -y
查看Raid卡信息
megacli -LDInfo -Lall -aALL
查看硬盘信息：
megacli -PDList -aALL

**查看Raid卡信息**

[root@ robin]# megacli -LDInfo -Lall -aALL

OSSpecificInitialize: Failed to load libsysfs.so.2.0.2 Please ensure that libsfs is present in the system.
The dependent library libsysfs.so.2.0.1 not available. Please contact LSI for distribution of the package

Adapter 0 – Virtual Drive Information:
Virtual Drive: 0 (Target Id: 0)
Name :
RAID Level : Primary-1, Secondary-0, RAID Level Qualifier-0
Size : 930.5 GB
Mirror Data : 930.5 GB
State : Optimal <<<< 这是正常的状态。

Strip Size : 64 KB
Number Of Drives per span:2 <<<< RAID组包含2块磁盘（但实际是4块500G的SSD做Raid10）。

Span Depth : 2 <<<< 深度若是1，说明实际只是RAID 1。2表示可以是RAID 10

Default Cache Policy: WriteBack, ReadAdaptive, Direct, No Write Cache if Bad BBU
Current Cache Policy: WriteBack, ReadAdaptive, Direct, No Write Cache if Bad BBU
Default Access Policy: Read/Write
Current Access Policy: Read/Write
Disk Cache Policy : Disk’s Default
Ongoing Progresses:
Background Initialization: Completed 41%, Taken 190 min.
Encryption Type : None
Default Power Savings Policy: Controller Defined
Current Power Savings Policy: None
Can spin up in 1 minute: No
LD has drives that support T10 power conditions: No
LD’s IO profile supports MAX power savings with cached writes: No
Bad Blocks Exist: No
Is VD Cached: No

![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191022174436118.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQwOTA3OTc3,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)  
 **查看硬盘信息：**

[root@localhost ~]# megacli -PDList -aALL
###有如下样式的几段，说明实际有几块硬盘（下面是一块500G的SSD的信息）
Enclosure Device ID: 32
Slot Number: 3
Drive’s postion: DiskGroup: 0, Span: 1, Arm: 1
Enclosure position: 0
Device Id: 3
WWN: 50025388A0061518
Sequence Number: 2
Media Error Count: 0
Other Error Count: 0
Predictive Failure Count: 0
Last Predictive Failure Event Seq Number: 0
PD Type: SATA
Raw Size: 465.761 GB [0x3a386030 Sectors]
Non Coerced Size: 465.261 GB [0x3a286030 Sectors]
Coerced Size: 465.25 GB [0x3a280000 Sectors]
Firmware state: Online, Spun Up
Device Firmware Level: BB0Q
Shield Counter: 0
Successful diagnostics completion on : N/A
SAS Address(0): 0x4433221107000000
Connected Port Number: 3(path0)
Inquiry Data: S1DHNSADA04008B Samsung SSD 840 EVO 500GB EXT0BB0Q
FDE Enable: Disable
Secured: Unsecured
Locked: Unlocked
Needs EKM Attention: No
Foreign State: None
Device Speed: 6.0Gb/s
Link Speed: 6.0Gb/s
Media Type: Solid State Device
Drive: Not Certified
Drive Temperature :32C (89.60 F)
PI Eligibility: No
Drive is formatted for PI information: No
PI: No PI
Drive’s write cache : Disabled
Drive’s NCQ setting : Disabled
Port-0 :
Port status: Active
Port’s Linkspeed: 6.0Gb/s
Drive has flagged a S.M.A.R.T alert : No

备注：


**RAID型号对应表信息如下：**

RAID Level : Primary-1, Secondary-0, RAID Level Qualifier-0" #代表Raid 1

RAID Level : Primary-0, Secondary-0, RAID Level Qualifier-0" #代表Raid 0

RAID Level : Primary-5, Secondary-0, RAID Level Qualifier-3" #代表Raid 5

RAID Level : Primary-1, Secondary-3, RAID Level Qualifier-0" #代表Raid10

命令行模式举例如下:

lsiutil –p1 –a 21,1,0,0,0 和上边菜单操作一样，只不过不用手动去选择菜单项了

lsiutil -p 1 -i –s 显示端口1的设置和连接的设备

lsiutil –s 显示所有端口上连接的设备

lsiutil -p 2 -l 1 强制HBA卡端口2连接速度为1Gb

### 案例 ：


**1、MegaCli操作1—创建与删除raid0**  
 服务器DELL R710加硬盘，准备在线做raid。  
 用MegaCli做阵列，最重要是就是这三个系数：  
 Adapter #0  
 Enclosure Device ID: 32  
 Slot Number: 0


分别代表了 -PhysDrv[E0:S0,E1:S1,…] -aN #物理磁盘的 enclosure号:slot号 -a是阵列卡号


这些参数可以通过下面的命令得到。


查看阵列卡信息

lspci -v
/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -AdpAllInfo -aALL

查看所有物理硬盘状态

/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -PDList -a0

/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 help |grep -i pdinfo

MegaCli -pdInfo -PhysDrv[E0:S0,E1:S1,…] -aN|-a0,1,2|-aALL
MegaCli -LdPdInfo -aN|-a0,1,2|-aALL

查看逻辑盘详细信息

/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -LdPdInfo -aALL

查看单个盘的详细信息

/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -pdInfo -PhysDrv[32:3] -aALL

Adapter 0: Device at Enclosure - 32, Slot - 3 is not found.

像我新增加的硬盘就是 [32:2]  
 ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191121163205562.png)  
 ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191121163209487.png)  
 这里我的硬盘被标记为“Foreign”外来配置，要清除一下，不然会报下面这个错误：

The specified physical disk does not have the appropriate attributes to complete
the requested command.

Exit Code: 0x26

扫描外来配置的个数：

/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -cfgforeign -scan -a0

There are 1 foreign configuration(s) on controller 0.

Exit Code: 0x00

清除外来配置：

/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -cfgforeign -clear -a0

Foreign configuration 0 is cleared on controller 0.

Exit Code: 0x00

再次扫描外来配置的个数：

/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -cfgforeign -scan -a0

There is no foreign configuration on controller 0.

Exit Code: 0x00

创建Raid0

/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -CfgLdAdd -r0[32:2] WB Direct -a0

Adapter 0: Created VD 2

Adapter 0: Configured the Adapter!!

Exit Code: 0x00

![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191121163326402.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQwOTA3OTc3,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)  
 删除阵列：

/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli6 -cfgclr -a0 清除所有的raid组的配置

/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli6 -cfglddel -L0 -a0 删除指定的raid组(Target Id: 0)的raid组，可以通过上面的“查看逻辑盘详细信息”得到。

查看硬盘的重建情况：

/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -PDRbld -ProgDsply -PhysDrv [12:7] -aALL

Device(Encl-12 Slot-7) is not in rebuild process

**2、MegaCli使用方法**  
 查看磁盘使用情况

[root@ ~]# MegaCli -PDList -Aall

Enclosure Device ID: 32

Slot Number: 0

Enclosure position: 0

Device Id: 0

Sequence Number: 2

Media Error Count: 0

Other Error Count: 0

Predictive Failure Count: 0

Last Predictive Failure Event Seq Number: 0

PD Type: SAS

Raw Size: 931.512 GB [0x74706db0 Sectors]

Non Coerced Size: 931.012 GB [0x74606db0 Sectors]

Coerced Size: 931.0 GB [0x74600000 Sectors]

Firmware state: Online, Spun Up 在线

Enclosure Device ID: 32

Slot Number: 1

Enclosure position: 0

Device Id: 1

Sequence Number: 2

Media Error Count: 0

Other Error Count: 0

Predictive Failure Count: 0

Last Predictive Failure Event Seq Number: 0

PD Type: SAS

Raw Size: 931.512 GB [0x74706db0 Sectors]

Non Coerced Size: 931.012 GB [0x74606db0 Sectors]

Coerced Size: 931.0 GB [0x74600000 Sectors]

Firmware state: Online, Spun Up

SAS Address(0): 0x5000c500586e6559

Enclosure Device ID: 32

Slot Number: 2

Enclosure position: 0

Device Id: 2

Sequence Number: 3

Media Error Count: 0

Other Error Count: 0

Predictive Failure Count: 0

Last Predictive Failure Event Seq Number: 0

PD Type: SAS

Raw Size: 1.819 TB [0xe8e088b0 Sectors]

Non Coerced Size: 1.818 TB [0xe8d088b0 Sectors]

Coerced Size: 1.818 TB [0xe8d00000 Sectors]

Firmware state: Unconfigured(good), Spun Up 安装了磁盘，但是没有使用

Enclosure Device ID: 32

Slot Number: 3

Enclosure position: 0

Device Id: 3

Sequence Number: 3

Media Error Count: 0

Other Error Count: 0

Predictive Failure Count: 0

Last Predictive Failure Event Seq Number: 0

PD Type: SAS

Raw Size: 1.819 TB [0xe8e088b0 Sectors]

Non Coerced Size: 1.818 TB [0xe8d088b0 Sectors]

Coerced Size: 1.818 TB [0xe8d00000 Sectors]

Firmware state: Unconfigured(good), Spun Up 安装了磁盘，但是没有使用

2块2T磁盘使用MegaCli做raid0

[root@ZAMPDMP-08 ~]# MegaCli -CfgLdAdd -r0 [32:2,32:3] WB Direct -a0

Adapter 0: Created VD 1

Adapter 0: Configured the Adapter!!

Exit Code: 0x00

单块4T磁盘做raid0


对7号槽的单块4T硬盘做raid0

MegaCli -CfgLdAdd -r0 [32:6] WB Direct -a0

单块盘要么调整raid 为jbod模式  
 要么就做成raid0 才能作为单块盘使用  
 无实际意义  
 只是raid卡的限制


查看raid


[root@ZAMPDMP-08 ~]# MegaCli -LdPdInfo -aALL Adapter #0


Number of Virtual Disks: 2


Virtual Drive: 0 (Target Id: 0) 第一个raid，包括slot 0,1，对应插槽0和1，级别raid0

Name :

RAID Level : Primary-1, Secondary-0, RAID Level Qualifier-0

Size : 931.0 GB

State : Optimal

Strip Size : 64 KB

Number Of Drives : 2

Span Depth : 1

Default Cache Policy: WriteThrough, ReadAheadNone, Direct, No Write Cache if Bad BBU

Current Cache Policy: WriteThrough, ReadAheadNone, Direct, No Write Cache if Bad BBU

Access Policy : Read/Write

Disk Cache Policy : Disk’s Default

Encryption Type : None

Default Power Savings Policy: Controller Defined

Current Power Savings Policy: None

Can spin up in 1 minute: Yes

LD has drives that support T10 power conditions: Yes

LD’s IO profile supports MAX power savings with cached writes: No

Bad Blocks Exist: No

Number of Spans: 1

Span: 0 - Number of PDs: 2

PD: 0 Information

Enclosure Device ID: 32

Slot Number: 0

Enclosure position: 0

Device Id: 0

Sequence Number: 2

Media Error Count: 0

Other Error Count: 0

Predictive Failure Count: 0

Last Predictive Failure Event Seq Number: 0

PD Type: SAS

Raw Size: 931.512 GB [0x74706db0 Sectors]

Non Coerced Size: 931.012 GB [0x74606db0 Sectors]

Coerced Size: 931.0 GB [0x74600000 Sectors]

Firmware state: Online, Spun Up

SAS Address(0): 0x5000c500586e2169

SAS Address(1): 0x0

Connected Port Number: 0(path0)

Inquiry Data: SEAGATE ST1000NM0023 GS0DZ1W1SRX0

FDE Capable: Not Capable

FDE Enable: Disable

Secured: Unsecured

Locked: Unlocked

Needs EKM Attention: No

Foreign State: None

Device Speed: 6.0Gb/s

Link Speed: 6.0Gb/s

Media Type: Hard Disk Device

Drive Temperature :37C (98.60 F)

PD: 1 Information

Enclosure Device ID: 32

Slot Number: 1

Enclosure position: 0

Device Id: 1

Sequence Number: 2

Media Error Count: 0

Other Error Count: 0

Predictive Failure Count: 0

Last Predictive Failure Event Seq Number: 0

PD Type: SAS

Raw Size: 931.512 GB [0x74706db0 Sectors]

Non Coerced Size: 931.012 GB [0x74606db0 Sectors]

Coerced Size: 931.0 GB [0x74600000 Sectors]

Firmware state: Online, Spun Up

SAS Address(0): 0x5000c500586e6559

SAS Address(1): 0x0

Connected Port Number: 1(path0)

Inquiry Data: SEAGATE ST1000NM0023 GS0DZ1W1SQS1

FDE Capable: Not Capable

FDE Enable: Disable

Secured: Unsecured

Locked: Unlocked

Needs EKM Attention: No

Foreign State: None

Device Speed: 6.0Gb/s

Link Speed: 6.0Gb/s

Media Type: Hard Disk Device

Drive Temperature :38C (100.40 F)

Virtual Drive: 1 (Target Id: 1) 第二个raid，包括slot 2,3，对应插槽2和4、3，级别raid0

Name :

RAID Level : Primary-0, Secondary-0, RAID Level Qualifier-0

Size : 3.637 TB

State : Optimal

Strip Size : 64 KB

Number Of Drives : 2

Span Depth : 1

Default Cache Policy: WriteThrough, ReadAheadNone, Direct, No Write Cache if Bad BBU

Current Cache Policy: WriteThrough, ReadAheadNone, Direct, No Write Cache if Bad BBU

Access Policy : Read/Write

Disk Cache Policy : Disk’s Default

Encryption Type : None

Default Power Savings Policy: Controller Defined

Current Power Savings Policy: None

Can spin up in 1 minute: Yes

LD has drives that support T10 power conditions: No

LD’s IO profile supports MAX power savings with cached writes: No

Bad Blocks Exist: No

Number of Spans: 1

Span: 0 - Number of PDs: 2

PD: 0 Information

Enclosure Device ID: 32

Slot Number: 2

Enclosure position: 0

Device Id: 2

Sequence Number: 4

Media Error Count: 0

Other Error Count: 0

Predictive Failure Count: 0

Last Predictive Failure Event Seq Number: 0

PD Type: SAS

Raw Size: 1.819 TB [0xe8e088b0 Sectors]

Non Coerced Size: 1.818 TB [0xe8d088b0 Sectors]

Coerced Size: 1.818 TB [0xe8d00000 Sectors]

Firmware state: Online, Spun Up

SAS Address(0): 0x5000c50055f63469

SAS Address(1): 0x0

Connected Port Number: 2(path0)

Inquiry Data: SEAGATE ST32000645SS RS12Z1K0ESPZ

FDE Capable: Not Capable

FDE Enable: Disable

Secured: Unsecured

Locked: Unlocked

Needs EKM Attention: No

Foreign State: None

Device Speed: 6.0Gb/s

Link Speed: 6.0Gb/s

Media Type: Hard Disk Device

Drive Temperature :42C (107.60 F)

PD: 1 Information

Enclosure Device ID: 32

Slot Number: 3

Enclosure position: 0

Device Id: 3

Sequence Number: 4

Media Error Count: 0

Other Error Count: 0

Predictive Failure Count: 0

Last Predictive Failure Event Seq Number: 0

PD Type: SAS

Raw Size: 1.819 TB [0xe8e088b0 Sectors]

Non Coerced Size: 1.818 TB [0xe8d088b0 Sectors]

Coerced Size: 1.818 TB [0xe8d00000 Sectors]

Firmware state: Online, Spun Up

SAS Address(0): 0x5000c50055f60145

SAS Address(1): 0x0

Connected Port Number: 3(path0)

Inquiry Data: SEAGATE ST32000645SS RS12Z1K0ETDN

FDE Capable: Not Capable

FDE Enable: Disable

Secured: Unsecured

Locked: Unlocked

Needs EKM Attention: No

Foreign State: None

Device Speed: 6.0Gb/s

Link Speed: 6.0Gb/s

Media Type: Hard Disk Device

Drive Temperature :44C (111.20 F)

Exit Code: 0x00

删除raid0

[root@ZAMPDMP-08 ~]# MegaCli -cfglddel -L1 -a0

Adapter 0: Deleted Virtual Drive-1(target id-1)

Exit Code: 0x00

L指的是删除vm组1 也就是第二个raid，a0是控制卡，如果是L0，则对应第一个raid。

root@ZAMPDMP-11 data1]# dmidecode -t 1

dmidecode 2.12

SMBIOS 2.7 present.

Handle 0x0100, DMI type 1, 27 bytes

System Information

Manufacturer: Dell Inc.

Product Name: PowerEdge R420

Version: Not Specified

Serial Number: 429PKY1 #机器序列号

UUID: 4C4C4544-0032-3910-8050-B4C04F4B5931

Wake-up Type: Power Switch

SKU Number: SKU=NotProvided;ModelName=PowerEdge R420

Family: Not Specified

清楚外键


否则不能单块磁盘做raid0

root@deptest29:/home/chinadep# megacli -cfgforeign scan -a0

There are 1 foreign configuration(s) on controller 0.

Exit Code: 0x00

root@deptest29:/home/chinadep# megacli -cfgforeign clear -a0

Foreign configuration 0 is cleared on controller 0.

Exit Code: 0x00

root@deptest29:/home/chinadep# megacli -cfgforeign -scan -a0

There is no foreign configuration on controller 0.

Exit Code: 0x00

新添加的大于等于2T的磁盘，需要使用parted去分区，fdisk分区4T盘，最多使用2T


这里测试使用parted 格式化10块4T盘，测试结果ok

[root@ZAMPDMP-08 ~]# vim parted.sh

#!/bin/bash

#Used to fomat 10 disks /dev/sdb /dev/sdc …/dev/sdk 10

PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin

网上学习资料一大堆，但如果学到的知识不成体系，遇到问题时只是浅尝辄止，不再深入研究，那么很难做到真正的技术提升。

需要这份系统化的资料的朋友，可以添加V获取：vip1024b （备注软件测试）

一个人可以走的很快，但一群人才能走的更远！不论你是正从事IT行业的老鸟或是对IT行业感兴趣的新人，都欢迎加入我们的的圈子（技术交流、学习资源、职场吐槽、大厂内推、面试辅导），让我们一起学习成长！

There are 1 foreign configuration(s) on controller 0.

Exit Code: 0x00

root@deptest29:/home/chinadep# megacli -cfgforeign clear -a0

Foreign configuration 0 is cleared on controller 0.

Exit Code: 0x00

root@deptest29:/home/chinadep# megacli -cfgforeign -scan -a0

There is no foreign configuration on controller 0.

Exit Code: 0x00

新添加的大于等于2T的磁盘，需要使用parted去分区，fdisk分区4T盘，最多使用2T


这里测试使用parted 格式化10块4T盘，测试结果ok

[root@ZAMPDMP-08 ~]# vim parted.sh

#!/bin/bash

#Used to fomat 10 disks /dev/sdb /dev/sdc …/dev/sdk 10

PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin

网上学习资料一大堆，但如果学到的知识不成体系，遇到问题时只是浅尝辄止，不再深入研究，那么很难做到真正的技术提升。

需要这份系统化的资料的朋友，可以添加V获取：vip1024b （备注软件测试）
[外链图片转存中…(img-20qPiFMS-1713710360345)]

一个人可以走的很快，但一群人才能走的更远！不论你是正从事IT行业的老鸟或是对IT行业感兴趣的新人，都欢迎加入我们的的圈子（技术交流、学习资源、职场吐槽、大厂内推、面试辅导），让我们一起学习成长！