学习路线：
这个方向初期比较容易入门一些，掌握一些基本技术，拿起各种现成的工具就可以开黑了。不过，要想从脚本小子变成黑客大神，这个方向越往后，需要学习和掌握的东西就会越来越多以下是网络渗透需要学习的内容：
网上学习资料一大堆，但如果学到的知识不成体系，遇到问题时只是浅尝辄止，不再深入研究，那么很难做到真正的技术提升。
一个人可以走的很快，但一群人才能走的更远！不论你是正从事IT行业的老鸟或是对IT行业感兴趣的新人，都欢迎加入我们的的圈子（技术交流、学习资源、职场吐槽、大厂内推、面试辅导），让我们一起学习成长！
*)
echo $usage
exit 1
;;
esac
fi
#Add other possible options
nameStartOpt=“$nameStartOpt $@”
#---------------------------------------------------------
namenodes
NAMENODES= ( ( (HADOOP_PREFIX/bin/hdfs getconf -namenodes)
echo “Starting namenodes on [$NAMENODES]”
#执行hadoop-daemons.sh 调用bin/hdfs指令 启动namenode守护线程
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HADOOP_PREFIX/sbin/hadoop-daemons.sh" \ --config "
HADOOPPREFIX/sbin/hadoop−daemons.sh" −−config"HADOOP_CONF_DIR”
–hostnames “
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NAMENODES" \ --script "
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#---------------------------------------------------------
datanodes (using default slaves file)
if [ -n “KaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '#' at position 172: …artup." else #̲执行hadoop-daemon…HADOOP_PREFIX/sbin/hadoop-daemons.sh”
–config “
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fi
#---------------------------------------------------------
secondary namenodes (if any)
SECONDARY_NAMENODES= ( ( (HADOOP_PREFIX/bin/hdfs getconf -secondarynamenodes 2>/dev/null)
if [ -n “
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[
SECONDARY_NAMENODES" ]; then echo "Starting secondary namenodes [
SECONDARYNAMENODES"];thenecho"Startingsecondarynamenodes[SECONDARY_NAMENODES]”
#执行hadoop-daemons.sh 调用bin/hdfs指令 启动secondarynamenode守护线程
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HADOOP_PREFIX/sbin/hadoop-daemons.sh" \ --config "
HADOOPPREFIX/sbin/hadoop−daemons.sh" −−config"HADOOP_CONF_DIR”
–hostnames “
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SECONDARY_NAMENODES" \ --script "
SECONDARYNAMENODES" −−script"bin/hdfs” start secondarynamenode
fi
…
…省略细节…
…
eof
在start-dfs.sh脚本中，先执行hdfs-config.sh脚本加载环境变量，然后通过hadoop-daemons.sh脚本又调用bin/hdfs指令来分别开启namenode、datanode以及secondarynamenode等守护进程。
如此我们也能发现，其实直接执行hadoop-daemons.sh脚本，配合其用法，也应该可以启动HDFS等相关守护进程。
#### 4、sbin/hadoop-daemons.sh
在所有的从节点上运行hadoop指令
Run a Hadoop command on all slave hosts.
#hadoop-daemons.sh脚本的用法，
usage=“Usage: hadoop-daemons.sh [–config confdir] [–hosts hostlistfile] [start|stop] command args…”
if no args specified, show usage
if [ $# -le 1 ]; then
echo $usage
exit 1
fi
bin=dirname "${BASH_SOURCE-$0}"
bin=cd "$bin"; pwd
DEFAULT_LIBEXEC_DIR="
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bin"/../libexec HADOOP_LIBEXEC_DIR=
bin"/../libexecHADOOPLIBEXECDIR={HADOOP_LIBEXEC_DIR:-$DEFAULT_LIBEXEC_DIR}
#调用hadoop-config.sh加载环境比那里
. $HADOOP_LIBEXEC_DIR/hadoop-config.sh
#调用sbin/slaves.sh脚本 加载配置文件，然后使用hadoop-daemon.sh脚本读取配置文件
exec “$bin/slaves.sh” --config
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HADOOP_CONF_DIR "
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参考hadoop-daemons.sh的使用方法，不难发现直接使用hadoop-daemons.sh脚本，然后配合指令，就可以启动相关守护线程，如：
* [hadoop-daemons.sh](https://bbs.csdn.net/topics/618540462) start namenode #启动主节点
* [hadoop-daemons.sh](https://bbs.csdn.net/topics/618540462) start datanode #启动从节点
* [hadoop-daemons.sh](https://bbs.csdn.net/topics/618540462) start secondarynamenode #启动第二主节点
在这个脚本中，我们可以看到内部执行了slaves.sh脚本读取环境变量，然后再调用了hadoop-daemon.sh脚本读取相关配置信息并执行了hadoop指令。
#### 5、sbin/slaves.sh
Run a shell command on all slave hosts.
Environment Variables
HADOOP_SLAVES File naming remote hosts.
Default is ${HADOOP_CONF_DIR}/slaves.
HADOOP_CONF_DIR Alternate conf dir. Default is ${HADOOP_PREFIX}/conf.
HADOOP_SLAVE_SLEEP Seconds to sleep between spawning remote commands.
HADOOP_SSH_OPTS Options passed to ssh when running remote commands.
使用方法
usage=“Usage: slaves.sh [–config confdir] command…”
if no args specified, show usage
if [ $# -le 0 ]; then
echo $usage
exit 1
fi
bin=dirname "${BASH_SOURCE-$0}"
bin=cd "$bin"; pwd
DEFAULT_LIBEXEC_DIR="
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bin"/../libexec HADOOP_LIBEXEC_DIR=
bin"/../libexecHADOOPLIBEXECDIR={HADOOP_LIBEXEC_DIR:-$DEFAULT_LIBEXEC_DIR}
. $HADOOP_LIBEXEC_DIR/hadoop-config.sh #读取环境变量
if [ -f “
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{HADOOP_CONF_DIR}/hadoop-env.sh" ]; then . "
HADOOPCONFDIR/hadoop−env.sh"];then."{HADOOP_CONF_DIR}/hadoop-env.sh” #读取环境变量
fi
Where to start the script, see hadoop-config.sh
(it set up the variables based on command line options)
if [ “
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HADOOP_SLAVE_NAMES" != '' ] ; then SLAVE_NAMES=
HADOOPSLAVENAMES"!=′′];thenSLAVENAMES=HADOOP_SLAVE_NAMES
else
SLAVE_FILE=KaTeX parse error: Expected '}', got 'EOF' at end of input: …HADOOP_SLAVES:-{HADOOP_CONF_DIR}/slaves}
SLAVE_NAMES=
(
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(cat "
(cat"SLAVE_FILE” | sed ‘s/#.*KaTeX parse error: Expected group after '^' at position 5: //;/^̲/d’)
fi
start the daemons
for slave in $SLAVE_NAMES ; do
ssh $HADOOP_SSH_OPTS $slave
"
"
"{@// /\ }"
2>&1 | sed “s/^/KaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '&' at position 11: slave: /" &̲ if [ "HADOOP_SLAVE_SLEEP” != “” ]; then
sleep $HADOOP_SLAVE_SLEEP
fi
done
这个脚本也就是加载环境变量，然后通过ssh连接从节点。
#### 6、sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh
#!/usr/bin/env bash
Runs a Hadoop command as a daemon. 以守护进程的形式运行hadoop命令
…
…、
使用方法 command就是hadoop指令，下面有判读
usage=“Usage: hadoop-daemon.sh [–config ] [–hosts hostlistfile] [–script script] (start|stop) <args…>”
…
…
#使用hadoop-config.sh加载环境变量
DEFAULT_LIBEXEC_DIR="
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bin"/../libexec HADOOP_LIBEXEC_DIR=
bin"/../libexecHADOOPLIBEXECDIR={HADOOP_LIBEXEC_DIR:-$DEFAULT_LIBEXEC_DIR}
. $HADOOP_LIBEXEC_DIR/hadoop-config.sh
#使用hadoop-env.sh加载环境变量
if [ -f “
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{HADOOP_CONF_DIR}/hadoop-env.sh" ]; then . "
HADOOPCONFDIR/hadoop−env.sh"];then."{HADOOP_CONF_DIR}/hadoop-env.sh”
fi
…
…
case $startStop in
(start)
[ -w "$HADOOP_PID_DIR" ] || mkdir -p "$HADOOP_PID_DIR"
if [ -f $pid ]; then
if kill -0 `cat $pid` > /dev/null 2>&1; then
echo $command running as process `cat $pid`. Stop it first.
exit 1
fi
fi
if [ "$HADOOP_MASTER" != "" ]; then
echo rsync from $HADOOP_MASTER
rsync -a -e ssh --delete --exclude=.svn --exclude='logs/*' --exclude='contrib/hod/logs/*' $HADOOP_MASTER/ "$HADOOP_PREFIX"
fi
hadoop_rotate_log $log
echo starting $command, logging to $log
cd "$HADOOP_PREFIX"
#判断command是什么指令，然后调用bin/hdfs指令 读取配置文件，执行相关指令
case
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command in namenode|secondarynamenode|datanode|journalnode|dfs|dfsadmin|fsck|balancer|zkfc) if [ -z "
commandinnamenode∣secondarynamenode∣datanode∣journalnode∣dfs∣dfsadmin∣fsck∣balancer∣zkfc)if[−z"HADOOP_HDFS_HOME" ]; then
hdfsScript=“
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HADOOP_PREFIX"/bin/hdfs else hdfsScript="
HADOOPPREFIX"/bin/hdfselsehdfsScript="HADOOP_HDFS_HOME”/bin/hdfs
fi
nohup nice -n $HADOOP_NICENESS $hdfsScript --config $HADOOP_CONF_DIR
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command "
command"@" > “$log” 2>&1 < /dev/null &
;;
(*)
nohup nice -n $HADOOP_NICENESS $hadoopScript --config $HADOOP_CONF_DIR
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command "
command"@" > “$log” 2>&1 < /dev/null &
;;
esac
…
…
esac
在hadoop-daemon.sh脚本中，同样读取了环境变量，然后依据传入的参数$@（上一个脚本中）来判断要启动的hadoop的守护线程($command)，最后调用bin/hdfs指令 读取配置信息 并启动hadoop的守护线程。
#### 7、bin/hdfs
这是一个指令，而非shell脚本。我们可以发现，在启动hadoop集群时，不管使用什么脚本，最终都指向了bin/hdfs这个指令，那么这个指令里到底是什么呢，我们来看一下，就明白了。
bin=which $0
bin=dirname ${bin}
bin=cd "$bin" > /dev/null; pwd
DEFAULT_LIBEXEC_DIR=“$bin”/…/libexec
HADOOP_LIBEXEC_DIR=KaTeX parse error: Expected '}', got 'EOF' at end of input: …P_LIBEXEC_DIR:-DEFAULT_LIBEXEC_DIR}
. $HADOOP_LIBEXEC_DIR/hdfs-config.sh
#除了上面继续加载环境变化外，这个函数其实就是提示我们在使用什么
#比如namenode -format 是格式化DFS filesystem
#再比如 namenode 说的是运行一个DFS namenode
我们往下看
function print_usage(){
echo “Usage: hdfs [–config confdir] [–loglevel loglevel] COMMAND”
echo " where COMMAND is one of:"
echo " dfs run a filesystem command on the file systems supported in Hadoop."
echo " classpath prints the classpath"
echo " namenode -format format the DFS filesystem"
echo " secondarynamenode run the DFS secondary namenode"
echo " namenode run the DFS namenode"
echo " journalnode run the DFS journalnode"
echo " zkfc run the ZK Failover Controller daemon"
echo " datanode run a DFS datanode"
echo " dfsadmin run a DFS admin client"
echo " haadmin run a DFS HA admin client"
echo " fsck run a DFS filesystem checking utility"
echo " balancer run a cluster balancing utility"
echo " jmxget get JMX exported values from NameNode or DataNode."
echo " mover run a utility to move block replicas across"
echo " storage types"
echo " oiv apply the offline fsimage viewer to an fsimage"
echo " oiv_legacy apply the offline fsimage viewer to an legacy fsimage"
echo " oev apply the offline edits viewer to an edits file"
echo " fetchdt fetch a delegation token from the NameNode"
echo " getconf get config values from configuration"
echo " groups get the groups which users belong to"
echo " snapshotDiff diff two snapshots of a directory or diff the"
echo " current directory contents with a snapshot"
echo " lsSnapshottableDir list all snapshottable dirs owned by the current user"
echo " Use -help to see options"
echo " portmap run a portmap service"
echo " nfs3 run an NFS version 3 gateway"
echo " cacheadmin configure the HDFS cache"
echo " crypto configure HDFS encryption zones"
echo " storagepolicies list/get/set block storage policies"
echo " version print the version"
echo “”
echo “Most commands print help when invoked w/o parameters.”
There are also debug commands, but they don’t show up in this listing.
}
if [ $# = 0 ]; then
print_usage
exit
fi
COMMAND=$1
shift
case $COMMAND in
usage flags
–help|-help|-h)
print_usage
exit
;;
esac
Determine if we’re starting a secure datanode, and if so, redefine appropriate variables
if [ “KaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '&' at position 26: …= "datanode" ] &̲& [ "EUID” -eq 0 ] && [ -n “
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[
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"
HADOOP_SECURE_DN_USER" ]; then if [ -n "
HADOOPSECUREDNUSER"];thenif[−n"JSVC_HOME” ]; then
if [ -n "
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=
HADOOP_SECURE_DN_PID_DIR" ]; then HADOOP_PID_DIR=
HADOOPSECUREDNPIDDIR"];thenHADOOPPIDDIR=HADOOP_SECURE_DN_PID_DIR
fi
if [ -n "$HADOOP_SECURE_DN_LOG_DIR" ]; then
HADOOP_LOG_DIR=$HADOOP_SECURE_DN_LOG_DIR
HADOOP_OPTS="$HADOOP_OPTS -Dhadoop.log.dir=$HADOOP_LOG_DIR"
fi
HADOOP_IDENT_STRING=$HADOOP_SECURE_DN_USER
HADOOP_OPTS="$HADOOP_OPTS -Dhadoop.id.str=$HADOOP_IDENT_STRING"
starting_secure_dn="true"
else
echo “It looks like you’re trying to start a secure DN, but $JSVC_HOME”
“isn’t set. Falling back to starting insecure DN.”
fi
fi
Determine if we’re starting a privileged NFS daemon, and if so, redefine appropriate variables
if [ “KaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '&' at position 22: …D" == "nfs3" ] &̲& [ "EUID” -eq 0 ] && [ -n “
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;
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[
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"
HADOOP_PRIVILEGED_NFS_USER" ]; then if [ -n "
HADOOPPRIVILEGEDNFSUSER"];thenif[−n"JSVC_HOME” ]; then
if [ -n "
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=
HADOOP_PRIVILEGED_NFS_PID_DIR" ]; then HADOOP_PID_DIR=
HADOOPPRIVILEGEDNFSPIDDIR"];thenHADOOPPIDDIR=HADOOP_PRIVILEGED_NFS_PID_DIR
fi
if [ -n "$HADOOP_PRIVILEGED_NFS_LOG_DIR" ]; then
HADOOP_LOG_DIR=$HADOOP_PRIVILEGED_NFS_LOG_DIR
HADOOP_OPTS="$HADOOP_OPTS -Dhadoop.log.dir=$HADOOP_LOG_DIR"
fi
HADOOP_IDENT_STRING=$HADOOP_PRIVILEGED_NFS_USER
HADOOP_OPTS="$HADOOP_OPTS -Dhadoop.id.str=$HADOOP_IDENT_STRING"
starting_privileged_nfs="true"
else
echo “It looks like you’re trying to start a privileged NFS server, but”
“$JSVC_HOME isn’t set. Falling back to starting unprivileged NFS server.”
fi
fi
停停停，对就是这
我们可以看到，通过相应的hadoop指令，在加载相应的class文件
然后在jvm运行此程序。别忘记了，hadoop是用java语言开发的
if [ “KaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '#' at position 93: …e.NameNode' #̲namenode守护线程对应的…HADOOP_OPTS
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[
"
HADOOP_NAMENODE_OPTS" elif [ "
HADOOPNAMENODEOPTS"elif["COMMAND” = “zkfc” ] ; then
CLASS=‘org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.tools.DFSZKFailoverController’
HADOOP_OPTS=“$HADOOP_OPTS
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"
HADOOP_ZKFC_OPTS" elif [ "
HADOOPZKFCOPTS"elif["COMMAND” = “secondarynamenode” ] ; then
CLASS=‘org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.SecondaryNameNode’ #SecondaryNameNode守护线程对应的CLASS字节码
HADOOP_OPTS=“$HADOOP_OPTS
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"
HADOOP_SECONDARYNAMENODE_OPTS" elif [ "
HADOOPSECONDARYNAMENODEOPTS"elif["COMMAND” = “datanode” ] ; then
CLASS=‘org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode’ #DataNode守护线程对应的CLASS字节码
if [ “
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starting_secure_dn" = "true" ]; then HADOOP_OPTS="
startingsecuredn"="true"];thenHADOOPOPTS="HADOOP_OPTS -jvm server
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HADOOP_DATANODE_OPTS" else HADOOP_OPTS="
HADOOPDATANODEOPTS"elseHADOOPOPTS="HADOOP_OPTS -server
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HADOOP_DATANODE_OPTS" fi elif [ "
HADOOPDATANODEOPTS"fielif["COMMAND” = “journalnode” ] ; then
CLASS=‘org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.qjournal.server.JournalNode’
HADOOP_OPTS=“$HADOOP_OPTS $HADOOP_JOURNALNODE_OPTS”
…
…省略很多…
…
Check to see if we should start a secure datanode
if [ “
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[
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starting_secure_dn" = "true" ]; then if [ "
startingsecuredn"="true"];thenif["HADOOP_PID_DIR” = “” ]; then
HADOOP_SECURE_DN_PID=“/tmp/hadoop_secure_dn.pid”
else
HADOOP_SECURE_DN_PID=“$HADOOP_PID_DIR/hadoop_secure_dn.pid”
fi
JSVC=$JSVC_HOME/jsvc
if [ ! -f $JSVC ]; then
echo "JSVC_HOME is not set correctly so jsvc cannot be found. jsvc is required to run secure datanodes. "
echo "Please download and install jsvc from http://archive.apache.org/dist/commons/daemon/binaries/ "
“and set JSVC_HOME to the directory containing the jsvc binary.”
exit
fi
if [[ !
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JSVC_OUTFILE ]]; then JSVC_OUTFILE="
JSVCOUTFILE]];thenJSVCOUTFILE="HADOOP_LOG_DIR/jsvc.out"
fi
if [[ !
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JSVC_ERRFILE ]]; then JSVC_ERRFILE="
JSVCERRFILE]];thenJSVCERRFILE="HADOOP_LOG_DIR/jsvc.err"
fi
#运行 java字节码文件
exec “KaTeX parse error: Expected group after '_' at position 26: … -Dproc_̲COMMAND -outfile “
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-pidfile “
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HADOOP_SECURE_DN_PID" \ -nodetach \ -user "
HADOOPSECUREDNPID" −nodetach −user"HADOOP_SECURE_DN_USER”
-cp “$CLASSPATH”
$JAVA_HEAP_MAX
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HADOOP_OPTS \ org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.SecureDataNodeStarter "
HADOOPOPTS org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.SecureDataNodeStarter"@”
elif [ “
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starting_privileged_nfs" = "true" ] ; then if [ "
startingprivilegednfs"="true"];thenif["HADOOP_PID_DIR” = “” ]; then
HADOOP_PRIVILEGED_NFS_PID=“/tmp/hadoop_privileged_nfs3.pid”
else
HADOOP_PRIVILEGED_NFS_PID=“$HADOOP_PID_DIR/hadoop_privileged_nfs3.pid”
fi
JSVC=$JSVC_HOME/jsvc
if [ ! -f $JSVC ]; then
echo "JSVC_HOME is not set correctly so jsvc cannot be found. jsvc is required to run privileged NFS gateways. "
echo "Please download and install jsvc from http://archive.apache.org/dist/commons/daemon/binaries/ "
“and set JSVC_HOME to the directory containing the jsvc binary.”
exit
fi
if [[ ! J S V C O U T F I L E ] ] ; t h e n J S V C O U T F I L E = " JSVC_OUTFILE ]]; then JSVC_OUTFILE=" JSVCOUTFILE]];thenJSVCOUTFILE="HADOOP_LOG_DIR/nfs3_jsvc.out"
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