写在最后
在结束之际，我想重申的是，学习并非如攀登险峻高峰，而是如滴水穿石般的持久累积。尤其当我们步入工作岗位之后，持之以恒的学习变得愈发不易，如同在茫茫大海中独自划舟，稍有松懈便可能被巨浪吞噬。然而，对于我们程序员而言，学习是生存之本，是我们在激烈市场竞争中立于不败之地的关键。一旦停止学习，我们便如同逆水行舟，不进则退，终将被时代的洪流所淘汰。因此，不断汲取新知识，不仅是对自己的提升，更是对自己的一份珍贵投资。让我们不断磨砺自己，与时代共同进步，书写属于我们的辉煌篇章。
需要完整版PDF学习资源私我
网上学习资料一大堆，但如果学到的知识不成体系，遇到问题时只是浅尝辄止，不再深入研究，那么很难做到真正的技术提升。
一个人可以走的很快，但一群人才能走的更远！不论你是正从事IT行业的老鸟或是对IT行业感兴趣的新人，都欢迎加入我们的的圈子（技术交流、学习资源、职场吐槽、大厂内推、面试辅导），让我们一起学习成长！
if [ -n “KaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '#' at position 172: …artup." else #̲执行hadoop-daemon…HADOOP_PREFIX/sbin/hadoop-daemons.sh”
–config “
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fi
#---------------------------------------------------------
secondary namenodes (if any)
SECONDARY_NAMENODES= ( ( (HADOOP_PREFIX/bin/hdfs getconf -secondarynamenodes 2>/dev/null)
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SECONDARYNAMENODES"];thenecho"Startingsecondarynamenodes[SECONDARY_NAMENODES]”
#执行hadoop-daemons.sh 调用bin/hdfs指令 启动secondarynamenode守护线程
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…
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…
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在start-dfs.sh脚本中，先执行hdfs-config.sh脚本加载环境变量，然后通过hadoop-daemons.sh脚本又调用bin/hdfs指令来分别开启namenode、datanode以及secondarynamenode等守护进程。
如此我们也能发现，其实直接执行hadoop-daemons.sh脚本，配合其用法，也应该可以启动HDFS等相关守护进程。
#### 4、sbin/hadoop-daemons.sh
在所有的从节点上运行hadoop指令
Run a Hadoop command on all slave hosts.
#hadoop-daemons.sh脚本的用法，
usage=“Usage: hadoop-daemons.sh [–config confdir] [–hosts hostlistfile] [start|stop] command args…”
if no args specified, show usage
if [ $# -le 1 ]; then
echo $usage
exit 1
fi
bin=dirname "${BASH_SOURCE-$0}"
bin=cd "$bin"; pwd
DEFAULT_LIBEXEC_DIR="
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bin"/../libexec HADOOP_LIBEXEC_DIR=
bin"/../libexecHADOOPLIBEXECDIR={HADOOP_LIBEXEC_DIR:-$DEFAULT_LIBEXEC_DIR}
#调用hadoop-config.sh加载环境比那里
. $HADOOP_LIBEXEC_DIR/hadoop-config.sh
#调用sbin/slaves.sh脚本 加载配置文件，然后使用hadoop-daemon.sh脚本读取配置文件
exec “$bin/slaves.sh” --config
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参考hadoop-daemons.sh的使用方法，不难发现直接使用hadoop-daemons.sh脚本，然后配合指令，就可以启动相关守护线程，如：
* [hadoop-daemons.sh](https://bbs.csdn.net/topics/618540462) start namenode #启动主节点
* [hadoop-daemons.sh](https://bbs.csdn.net/topics/618540462) start datanode #启动从节点
* [hadoop-daemons.sh](https://bbs.csdn.net/topics/618540462) start secondarynamenode #启动第二主节点
在这个脚本中，我们可以看到内部执行了slaves.sh脚本读取环境变量，然后再调用了hadoop-daemon.sh脚本读取相关配置信息并执行了hadoop指令。
#### 5、sbin/slaves.sh
Run a shell command on all slave hosts.
Environment Variables
HADOOP_SLAVES File naming remote hosts.
Default is ${HADOOP_CONF_DIR}/slaves.
HADOOP_CONF_DIR Alternate conf dir. Default is ${HADOOP_PREFIX}/conf.
HADOOP_SLAVE_SLEEP Seconds to sleep between spawning remote commands.
HADOOP_SSH_OPTS Options passed to ssh when running remote commands.
使用方法
usage=“Usage: slaves.sh [–config confdir] command…”
if no args specified, show usage
if [ $# -le 0 ]; then
echo $usage
exit 1
fi
bin=dirname "${BASH_SOURCE-$0}"
bin=cd "$bin"; pwd
DEFAULT_LIBEXEC_DIR="
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bin"/../libexec HADOOP_LIBEXEC_DIR=
bin"/../libexecHADOOPLIBEXECDIR={HADOOP_LIBEXEC_DIR:-$DEFAULT_LIBEXEC_DIR}
. $HADOOP_LIBEXEC_DIR/hadoop-config.sh #读取环境变量
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{HADOOP_CONF_DIR}/hadoop-env.sh" ]; then . "
HADOOPCONFDIR/hadoop−env.sh"];then."{HADOOP_CONF_DIR}/hadoop-env.sh” #读取环境变量
fi
Where to start the script, see hadoop-config.sh
(it set up the variables based on command line options)
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HADOOP_SLAVE_NAMES" != '' ] ; then SLAVE_NAMES=
HADOOPSLAVENAMES"!=′′];thenSLAVENAMES=HADOOP_SLAVE_NAMES
else
SLAVE_FILE=KaTeX parse error: Expected '}', got 'EOF' at end of input: …HADOOP_SLAVES:-{HADOOP_CONF_DIR}/slaves}
SLAVE_NAMES=
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(cat "
(cat"SLAVE_FILE” | sed ‘s/#.*KaTeX parse error: Expected group after '^' at position 5: //;/^̲/d’)
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start the daemons
for slave in $SLAVE_NAMES ; do
ssh $HADOOP_SSH_OPTS $slave
"
"
"{@// /\ }"
2>&1 | sed “s/^/KaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '&' at position 11: slave: /" &̲ if [ "HADOOP_SLAVE_SLEEP” != “” ]; then
sleep $HADOOP_SLAVE_SLEEP
fi
done
这个脚本也就是加载环境变量，然后通过ssh连接从节点。
#### 6、sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh
#!/usr/bin/env bash
Runs a Hadoop command as a daemon. 以守护进程的形式运行hadoop命令
…
…、
使用方法 command就是hadoop指令，下面有判读
usage=“Usage: hadoop-daemon.sh [–config ] [–hosts hostlistfile] [–script script] (start|stop) <args…>”
…
…
#使用hadoop-config.sh加载环境变量
DEFAULT_LIBEXEC_DIR="
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bin"/../libexec HADOOP_LIBEXEC_DIR=
bin"/../libexecHADOOPLIBEXECDIR={HADOOP_LIBEXEC_DIR:-$DEFAULT_LIBEXEC_DIR}
. $HADOOP_LIBEXEC_DIR/hadoop-config.sh
#使用hadoop-env.sh加载环境变量
if [ -f “
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{HADOOP_CONF_DIR}/hadoop-env.sh" ]; then . "
HADOOPCONFDIR/hadoop−env.sh"];then."{HADOOP_CONF_DIR}/hadoop-env.sh”
fi
…
…
case $startStop in
(start)
[ -w "$HADOOP_PID_DIR" ] || mkdir -p "$HADOOP_PID_DIR"
if [ -f $pid ]; then
if kill -0 `cat $pid` > /dev/null 2>&1; then
echo $command running as process `cat $pid`. Stop it first.
exit 1
fi
fi
if [ "$HADOOP_MASTER" != "" ]; then
echo rsync from $HADOOP_MASTER
rsync -a -e ssh --delete --exclude=.svn --exclude='logs/*' --exclude='contrib/hod/logs/*' $HADOOP_MASTER/ "$HADOOP_PREFIX"
fi
hadoop_rotate_log $log
echo starting $command, logging to $log
cd "$HADOOP_PREFIX"
#判断command是什么指令，然后调用bin/hdfs指令 读取配置文件，执行相关指令
case
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command in namenode|secondarynamenode|datanode|journalnode|dfs|dfsadmin|fsck|balancer|zkfc) if [ -z "
commandinnamenode∣secondarynamenode∣datanode∣journalnode∣dfs∣dfsadmin∣fsck∣balancer∣zkfc)if[−z"HADOOP_HDFS_HOME" ]; then
hdfsScript=“
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HADOOP_PREFIX"/bin/hdfs else hdfsScript="
HADOOPPREFIX"/bin/hdfselsehdfsScript="HADOOP_HDFS_HOME”/bin/hdfs
fi
nohup nice -n $HADOOP_NICENESS $hdfsScript --config $HADOOP_CONF_DIR
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command "
command"@" > “$log” 2>&1 < /dev/null &
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;;
esac
…
…
esac
在hadoop-daemon.sh脚本中，同样读取了环境变量，然后依据传入的参数$@（上一个脚本中）来判断要启动的hadoop的守护线程($command)，最后调用bin/hdfs指令 读取配置信息 并启动hadoop的守护线程。
#### 7、bin/hdfs
这是一个指令，而非shell脚本。我们可以发现，在启动hadoop集群时，不管使用什么脚本，最终都指向了bin/hdfs这个指令，那么这个指令里到底是什么呢，我们来看一下，就明白了。
bin=which $0
bin=dirname ${bin}
bin=cd "$bin" > /dev/null; pwd
DEFAULT_LIBEXEC_DIR=“$bin”/…/libexec
HADOOP_LIBEXEC_DIR=KaTeX parse error: Expected '}', got 'EOF' at end of input: …P_LIBEXEC_DIR:-DEFAULT_LIBEXEC_DIR}
. $HADOOP_LIBEXEC_DIR/hdfs-config.sh
#除了上面继续加载环境变化外，这个函数其实就是提示我们在使用什么
#比如namenode -format 是格式化DFS filesystem
#再比如 namenode 说的是运行一个DFS namenode
我们往下看
function print_usage(){
echo “Usage: hdfs [–config confdir] [–loglevel loglevel] COMMAND”
echo " where COMMAND is one of:"
echo " dfs run a filesystem command on the file systems supported in Hadoop."
echo " classpath prints the classpath"
echo " namenode -format format the DFS filesystem"
echo " secondarynamenode run the DFS secondary namenode"
echo " namenode run the DFS namenode"
echo " journalnode run the DFS journalnode"
echo " zkfc run the ZK Failover Controller daemon"
echo " datanode run a DFS datanode"
echo " dfsadmin run a DFS admin client"
echo " haadmin run a DFS HA admin client"
echo " fsck run a DFS filesystem checking utility"
echo " balancer run a cluster balancing utility"
echo " jmxget get JMX exported values from NameNode or DataNode."
echo " mover run a utility to move block replicas across"
echo " storage types"
echo " oiv apply the offline fsimage viewer to an fsimage"
echo " oiv_legacy apply the offline fsimage viewer to an legacy fsimage"
echo " oev apply the offline edits viewer to an edits file"
echo " fetchdt fetch a delegation token from the NameNode"
echo " getconf get config values from configuration"
echo " groups get the groups which users belong to"
echo " snapshotDiff diff two snapshots of a directory or diff the"
echo " current directory contents with a snapshot"
echo " lsSnapshottableDir list all snapshottable dirs owned by the current user"
echo " Use -help to see options"
echo " portmap run a portmap service"
echo " nfs3 run an NFS version 3 gateway"
echo " cacheadmin configure the HDFS cache"
echo " crypto configure HDFS encryption zones"
echo " storagepolicies list/get/set block storage policies"
echo " version print the version"
echo “”
echo “Most commands print help when invoked w/o parameters.”
There are also debug commands, but they don’t show up in this listing.
}
if [ $# = 0 ]; then
print_usage
exit
fi
COMMAND=$1
shift
case $COMMAND in
usage flags
–help|-help|-h)
print_usage
exit
;;
esac
Determine if we’re starting a secure datanode, and if so, redefine appropriate variables
if [ “KaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '&' at position 26: …= "datanode" ] &̲& [ "EUID” -eq 0 ] && [ -n “
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HADOOP_SECURE_DN_USER" ]; then if [ -n "
HADOOPSECUREDNUSER"];thenif[−n"JSVC_HOME” ]; then
if [ -n "
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=
HADOOP_SECURE_DN_PID_DIR" ]; then HADOOP_PID_DIR=
HADOOPSECUREDNPIDDIR"];thenHADOOPPIDDIR=HADOOP_SECURE_DN_PID_DIR
fi
if [ -n "$HADOOP_SECURE_DN_LOG_DIR" ]; then
HADOOP_LOG_DIR=$HADOOP_SECURE_DN_LOG_DIR
HADOOP_OPTS="$HADOOP_OPTS -Dhadoop.log.dir=$HADOOP_LOG_DIR"
fi
HADOOP_IDENT_STRING=$HADOOP_SECURE_DN_USER
HADOOP_OPTS="$HADOOP_OPTS -Dhadoop.id.str=$HADOOP_IDENT_STRING"
starting_secure_dn="true"
else
echo “It looks like you’re trying to start a secure DN, but $JSVC_HOME”
“isn’t set. Falling back to starting insecure DN.”
fi
fi
Determine if we’re starting a privileged NFS daemon, and if so, redefine appropriate variables
if [ “KaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '&' at position 22: …D" == "nfs3" ] &̲& [ "EUID” -eq 0 ] && [ -n “
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HADOOP_PRIVILEGED_NFS_USER" ]; then if [ -n "
HADOOPPRIVILEGEDNFSUSER"];thenif[−n"JSVC_HOME” ]; then
if [ -n "
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=
HADOOP_PRIVILEGED_NFS_PID_DIR" ]; then HADOOP_PID_DIR=
HADOOPPRIVILEGEDNFSPIDDIR"];thenHADOOPPIDDIR=HADOOP_PRIVILEGED_NFS_PID_DIR
fi
if [ -n "$HADOOP_PRIVILEGED_NFS_LOG_DIR" ]; then
HADOOP_LOG_DIR=$HADOOP_PRIVILEGED_NFS_LOG_DIR
HADOOP_OPTS="$HADOOP_OPTS -Dhadoop.log.dir=$HADOOP_LOG_DIR"
fi
HADOOP_IDENT_STRING=$HADOOP_PRIVILEGED_NFS_USER
HADOOP_OPTS="$HADOOP_OPTS -Dhadoop.id.str=$HADOOP_IDENT_STRING"
starting_privileged_nfs="true"
else
echo “It looks like you’re trying to start a privileged NFS server, but”
“$JSVC_HOME isn’t set. Falling back to starting unprivileged NFS server.”
fi
fi
停停停，对就是这
我们可以看到，通过相应的hadoop指令，在加载相应的class文件
然后在jvm运行此程序。别忘记了，hadoop是用java语言开发的
if [ “KaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '#' at position 93: …e.NameNode' #̲namenode守护线程对应的…HADOOP_OPTS
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HADOOP_NAMENODE_OPTS" elif [ "
HADOOPNAMENODEOPTS"elif["COMMAND” = “zkfc” ] ; then
CLASS=‘org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.tools.DFSZKFailoverController’
HADOOP_OPTS=“$HADOOP_OPTS
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HADOOP_ZKFC_OPTS" elif [ "
HADOOPZKFCOPTS"elif["COMMAND” = “secondarynamenode” ] ; then
CLASS=‘org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.SecondaryNameNode’ #SecondaryNameNode守护线程对应的CLASS字节码
HADOOP_OPTS=“$HADOOP_OPTS
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HADOOP_SECONDARYNAMENODE_OPTS" elif [ "
HADOOPSECONDARYNAMENODEOPTS"elif["COMMAND” = “datanode” ] ; then
CLASS=‘org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode’ #DataNode守护线程对应的CLASS字节码
if [ “
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starting_secure_dn" = "true" ]; then HADOOP_OPTS="
startingsecuredn"="true"];thenHADOOPOPTS="HADOOP_OPTS -jvm server
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"
HADOOP_DATANODE_OPTS" else HADOOP_OPTS="
HADOOPDATANODEOPTS"elseHADOOPOPTS="HADOOP_OPTS -server
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"
HADOOP_DATANODE_OPTS" fi elif [ "
HADOOPDATANODEOPTS"fielif["COMMAND” = “journalnode” ] ; then
CLASS=‘org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.qjournal.server.JournalNode’
HADOOP_OPTS=“$HADOOP_OPTS $HADOOP_JOURNALNODE_OPTS”
…
…省略很多…
…
Check to see if we should start a secure datanode
if [ “
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[
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starting_secure_dn" = "true" ]; then if [ "
startingsecuredn"="true"];thenif["HADOOP_PID_DIR” = “” ]; then
HADOOP_SECURE_DN_PID=“/tmp/hadoop_secure_dn.pid”
else
HADOOP_SECURE_DN_PID=“$HADOOP_PID_DIR/hadoop_secure_dn.pid”
fi
JSVC=$JSVC_HOME/jsvc
if [ ! -f $JSVC ]; then
echo "JSVC_HOME is not set correctly so jsvc cannot be found. jsvc is required to run secure datanodes. "
echo "Please download and install jsvc from http://archive.apache.org/dist/commons/daemon/binaries/ "
“and set JSVC_HOME to the directory containing the jsvc binary.”
exit
fi
if [[ !
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]
]
;
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JSVC_OUTFILE ]]; then JSVC_OUTFILE="
JSVCOUTFILE]];thenJSVCOUTFILE="HADOOP_LOG_DIR/jsvc.out"
fi
if [[ !
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;
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JSVC_ERRFILE ]]; then JSVC_ERRFILE="
JSVCERRFILE]];thenJSVCERRFILE="HADOOP_LOG_DIR/jsvc.err"
fi
#运行 java字节码文件
exec “KaTeX parse error: Expected group after '_' at position 26: … -Dproc_̲COMMAND -outfile “
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JSVC_OUTFILE" \ -errfile "
JSVCOUTFILE" −errfile"JSVC_ERRFILE”
-pidfile “
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HADOOP_SECURE_DN_PID" \ -nodetach \ -user "
HADOOPSECUREDNPID" −nodetach −user"HADOOP_SECURE_DN_USER”
-cp “$CLASSPATH”
$JAVA_HEAP_MAX
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HADOOP_OPTS \ org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.SecureDataNodeStarter "
HADOOPOPTS org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.SecureDataNodeStarter"@”
elif [ “
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[
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starting_privileged_nfs" = "true" ] ; then if [ "
startingprivilegednfs"="true"];thenif["HADOOP_PID_DIR” = “” ]; then
HADOOP_PRIVILEGED_NFS_PID=“/tmp/hadoop_privileged_nfs3.pid”
else
HADOOP_PRIVILEGED_NFS_PID=“$HADOOP_PID_DIR/hadoop_privileged_nfs3.pid”
fi
JSVC=$JSVC_HOME/jsvc
if [ ! -f $JSVC ]; then
echo "JSVC_HOME is not set correctly so jsvc cannot be found. jsvc is required to run privileged NFS gateways. "
echo "Please download and install jsvc from http://archive.apache.org/dist/commons/daemon/binaries/ "
“and set JSVC_HOME to the directory containing the jsvc binary.”
exit
fi
if [[ !
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]
]
;
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JSVC_OUTFILE ]]; then JSVC_OUTFILE="
JSVCOUTFILE]];thenJSVCOUTFILE="HADOOP_LOG_DIR/nfs3_jsvc.out"
fi
if [[ !
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]
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JSVC_ERRFILE ]]; then JSVC_ERRFILE="
JSVCERRFILE]];thenJSVCERRFILE="HADOOP_LOG_DIR/nfs3_jsvc.err"
fi
#运行 java字节码文件
exec “KaTeX parse error: Expected group after '_' at position 26: … -Dproc_̲COMMAND -outfile “
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JSVC_OUTFILE" \ -errfile "
JSVCOUTFILE" −errfile"JSVC_ERRFILE”
-pidfile “
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HADOOP_PRIVILEGED_NFS_PID" \ -nodetach \ -user "
HADOOPPRIVILEGEDNFSPID" −nodetach −user"HADOOP_PRIVILEGED_NFS_USER”
-cp “$CLASSPATH”
$JAVA_HEAP_MAX
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HADOOP_OPTS \ org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.nfs.nfs3.PrivilegedNfsGatewayStarter "
HADOOPOPTS org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.nfs.nfs3.PrivilegedNfsGatewayStarter"@”
else
#运行 java字节码文件
run it
exec “KaTeX parse error: Expected group after '_' at position 13: JAVA" -Dproc_̲COMMAND $JAVA_HEAP_MAX $HADOOP_OPTS
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CLASS "
CLASS"@”
fi
看完懂了吗？在这个指令中，加载了各个守护线程对应的CLASS字节码文件，然后在JVM上来运行相应的守护线程。
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