静态路由实验

一、拓扑图及需求

拓扑图

需求

1.整张网络使用192.168.1.0/24网段进行划分
2.R1、R2、R3、R4均有两个环回来模拟用户网段
3.R5使用DHPC为PC分配IP地址
4.R2、R3、R4、R5开启Telnet功能；账号密码：admin/admin
5.完成所有路由器的静态路由配置，要求使用最简化路由表的方式
6.全网可达

二、需求分析

1.划分网段
2.配IP
3.配DHCP
4.配Telnet
5.配路由：未知网段/汇总网段
6.缺省路由
7.空接口路由
8.浮动静态路由

三、配置过程

1.划分网段

2.配置IP

AR1：
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.1 30

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.5 30

[R1]interface LoopBack 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.33 28

[R1]interface LoopBack 1
[R1-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.49 28

AR2
[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.2 30

[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.9 30

[R2]int LoopBack 0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.65 28

[R2]int LoopBack 1
[R2-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.81 28

AR3
[R3]int GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.6 30

[R3]int GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.13 30

[R3]int LoopBack 0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.97 28

[R3]int LoopBack 1
[R3-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.113 28

AR4
[R4]int GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.10 30

[R4]int GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.14 30

[R4]int GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.1.17 30

[R4]int GigabitEthernet 4/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.21 30

[R4]int LoopBack 0
[R4-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.129 28

[R4]int LoopBack 1
[R4-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.145 28

AR5
[R5]int GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.18 30

[R5]int GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.22 30

[R5]int GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.1.161 27

测试

ping 192.168.1.2
[R1]ping 192.168.1.6

[R2]ping 192.168.1.10

ping 192.168.1.14

ping 192.168.1.18

ping 192.168.1.22

3.对R5进行DHCP配置

[R5]dhcp enable
[R5]ip pool aa
[R5-ip-pool-aa]network 192.168.1.160 mask 27
[R5-ip-pool-aa]gateway-list 192.168.1.161
[R5-ip-pool-aa]dns-list 8.8.8.8
[R5]int GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]dhcp select global

再分别开启PC1和PC2的DHCP后应用

自动分配完成

4.开启R2、R3、R4、R5Telnet功能；账号密码：admin/admin

[R2]user-interface vty 0 4
[R2-ui-vty0-4]authentication-mode aaa
[R2]aaa
[R2-aaa]local-user admin password cipher admin privilege level 15
[R2-aaa]local-user admin service-type telnet
对R3、R4、R5输入同样的命令

测试
测试AR1至AR2,AR3
和AR3,AR4至AR5
例如：

5.配置路由信息

AR1:
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.3
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.6
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.6
检查
[R1]display ip routing-table protocol static
AR2:
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.1
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.1
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.1
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.10
检查：
[R2]display ip routing-table protocol static
AR3:
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.5
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.5
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.5
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.14
检查：
[R3]display ip routing-table protocol static
AR4:
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.9
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.13
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.9
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.13
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.9
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.13
[R4]display ip routing-table protocol static

测试：

6.配置缺省路由，用于将数据包从左向右传输

[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.6（负载均衡）
[R2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10
[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.14
[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.18

AR5：（用于返回数据）
主干
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.17
环回
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.17
检查：
[R5]display ip routing-table protocol static
测试：
ping 192.168.1.18

因为配置的路由信息和配置的缺省路由信息在数据包从从左到右传递过程中存在重复，因此可以删除一些，从而达到简化路由的作用
[R1]undo ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.2
[R1]undo ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.6
[R1]display ip routing-table p s
此时R1已无去192.168.1.128的路由信息
[R2]undo ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.10
[R3]undo ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.14
检测：
[R1]ping 192.168.1.129

此时仍可平通，靠的是缺省路由

7.配置空缺口路由

为防止环回，做一下配置（有路由汇总的都要配置）
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 NULL 0
[R2]display ip r p s

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 NULL 0
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 NULL 0
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 NULL 0

8.浮动静态路由配置

[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22 preference 61
[R4]dis ip ro p s

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61

检测：
[R5]int g 0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]shut down

ping 192.168.1.161

此时
查看R5静态路由表
[R5]dis ip ro p s

其中接口UNknown是因为shut down命令