我用Python逆向登录世界上最大的游戏平台,steam加密手段有多高明【内附源码】

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采集目标


网址:steam

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工具准备


开发工具:pycharm

开发环境:python3.7, Windows10 使用工具包:requests

项目思路解析


访问登录页面重登录页面获取登录接口, 先输入错误的账户密码去测试登录接口。

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获取到登录的接口地址,请求方法是post请求,找到需要传递的参数,可以看到密码数据是加密的第一个数据是时间戳密码加密字段应该用的base64,rsatimestamp字段目前还不清楚是什么,其他的都是固定数据。

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找到password字段的加密位置,这里我们直接进行搜索,找加密位置,可以通过名字来大致判断加密文件。

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在文件进行搜索,查看数据值是否存在。

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当前可以看出代码为rsa加密,这里辣条选择直接补js环境,先把加密段代码端进行添加,rsa加密的公秘钥需要重其他它接口获取。

image.png

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加密的秘钥以及其他来自这个页面,需要提取发送请求获取到,要注意cookie需要保持一致,开始补js环境。

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我们不需要账号信息的获取,可以直接注释掉,打印数据,尝试运行,哪里报错补哪里。

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少了rsa功能。

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当前文件都拿过来,后面的方法也一样的直接拿过来就行。

// Copyright © 2005 Tom Wu

// All Rights Reserved.

// See “LICENSE” for details.

/*

  • Copyright © 2003-2005 Tom Wu

  • All Rights Reserved.

  • Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining

  • a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the

  • “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction, including

  • without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,

  • distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to

  • permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to

  • the following conditions:

  • The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be

  • included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

  • THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS-IS” AND WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,

  • EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY

  • WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

  • IN NO EVENT SHALL TOM WU BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL,

  • INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY KIND, OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER

  • RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER OR NOT ADVISED OF

  • THE POSSIBILITY OF DAMAGE, AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, ARISING OUT

  • OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

  • In addition, the following condition applies:

  • All redistributions must retain an intact copy of this copyright notice

  • and disclaimer.

*/

// Basic JavaScript BN library - subset useful for RSA encryption.

// Bits per digit

var dbits;

// JavaScript engine analysis

var canary = 0xdeadbeefcafe;

var j_lm = ((canary&0xffffff)==0xefcafe);

// (public) Constructor

function BigInteger(a,b,c) {

if(a != null)

if(“number” == typeof a) this.fromNumber(a,b,c);

else if(b == null && “string” != typeof a) this.fromString(a,256);

else this.fromString(a,b);

}

// return new, unset BigInteger

function nbi() { return new BigInteger(null); }

// am: Compute w_j += (x*this_i), propagate carries,

// c is initial carry, returns final carry.

// c < 3dvalue, x < 2dvalue, this_i < dvalue

// We need to select the fastest one that works in this environment.

// am1: use a single mult and divide to get the high bits,

// max digit bits should be 26 because

// max internal value = 2dvalue^2-2dvalue (< 2^53)

function am1(i,x,w,j,c,n) {

while(–n >= 0) {

var v = x*this[i++]+w[j]+c;

c = Math.floor(v/0x4000000);

w[j++] = v&0x3ffffff;

}

return c;

}

// am2 avoids a big mult-and-extract completely.

// Max digit bits should be <= 30 because we do bitwise ops

// on values up to 2*hdvalue^2-hdvalue-1 (< 2^31)

function am2(i,x,w,j,c,n) {

var xl = x&0x7fff, xh = x>>15;

while(–n >= 0) {

var l = this[i]&0x7fff;

var h = this[i++]>>15;

var m = xhl+hxl;

l = xl*l+((m&0x7fff)<<15)+w[j]+(c&0x3fffffff);

c = (l>>>30)+(m>>>15)+xh*h+(c>>>30);

w[j++] = l&0x3fffffff;

}

return c;

}

// Alternately, set max digit bits to 28 since some

// browsers slow down when dealing with 32-bit numbers.

function am3(i,x,w,j,c,n) {

var xl = x&0x3fff, xh = x>>14;

while(–n >= 0) {

var l = this[i]&0x3fff;

var h = this[i++]>>14;

var m = xhl+hxl;

l = xl*l+((m&0x3fff)<<14)+w[j]+c;

c = (l>>28)+(m>>14)+xh*h;

w[j++] = l&0xfffffff;

}

return c;

}

if(j_lm) {

BigInteger.prototype.am = am2;

dbits = 30;

}

else if(j_lm) {

BigInteger.prototype.am = am1;

dbits = 26;

}

else { // Mozilla/Netscape seems to prefer am3

BigInteger.prototype.am = am3;

dbits = 28;

}

BigInteger.prototype.DB = dbits;

BigInteger.prototype.DM = ((1<<dbits)-1);

BigInteger.prototype.DV = (1<<dbits);

var BI_FP = 52;

BigInteger.prototype.FV = Math.pow(2,BI_FP);

BigInteger.prototype.F1 = BI_FP-dbits;

BigInteger.prototype.F2 = 2*dbits-BI_FP;

// Digit conversions

var BI_RM = “0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz”;

var BI_RC = new Array();

var rr,vv;

rr = “0”.charCodeAt(0);

for(vv = 0; vv <= 9; ++vv) BI_RC[rr++] = vv;

rr = “a”.charCodeAt(0);

for(vv = 10; vv < 36; ++vv) BI_RC[rr++] = vv;

rr = “A”.charCodeAt(0);

for(vv = 10; vv < 36; ++vv) BI_RC[rr++] = vv;

function int2char(n) { return BI_RM.charAt(n); }

function intAt(s,i) {

var c = BI_RC[s.charCodeAt(i)];

return (c==null)?-1:c;

}

// (protected) copy this to r

function bnpCopyTo® {

for(var i = this.t-1; i >= 0; --i) r[i] = this[i];

r.t = this.t;

r.s = this.s;

}

// (protected) set from integer value x, -DV <= x < DV

function bnpFromInt(x) {

this.t = 1;

this.s = (x<0)?-1:0;

if(x > 0) this[0] = x;

else if(x < -1) this[0] = x+DV;

else this.t = 0;

}

// return bigint initialized to value

function nbv(i) { var r = nbi(); r.fromInt(i); return r; }

// (protected) set from string and radix

function bnpFromString(s,b) {

var k;

if(b == 16) k = 4;

else if(b == 8) k = 3;

else if(b == 256) k = 8; // byte array

else if(b == 2) k = 1;

else if(b == 32) k = 5;

else if(b == 4) k = 2;

else { this.fromRadix(s,b); return; }

this.t = 0;

this.s = 0;

var i = s.length, mi = false, sh = 0;

while(–i >= 0) {

var x = (k==8)?s[i]&0xff:intAt(s,i);

if(x < 0) {

if(s.charAt(i) == “-”) mi = true;

continue;

}

mi = false;

if(sh == 0)

this[this.t++] = x;

else if(sh+k > this.DB) {

this[this.t-1] |= (x&((1<<(this.DB-sh))-1))<<sh;

this[this.t++] = (x>>(this.DB-sh));

}

else

this[this.t-1] |= x<<sh;

sh += k;

if(sh >= this.DB) sh -= this.DB;

}

if(k == 8 && (s[0]&0x80) != 0) {

this.s = -1;

if(sh > 0) this[this.t-1] |= ((1<<(this.DB-sh))-1)<<sh;

}

this.clamp();

if(mi) BigInteger.ZERO.subTo(this,this);

}

// (protected) clamp off excess high words

function bnpClamp() {

var c = this.s&this.DM;

while(this.t > 0 && this[this.t-1] == c) --this.t;

}

// (public) return string representation in given radix

function bnToString(b) {

if(this.s < 0) return “-”+this.negate().toString(b);

var k;

if(b == 16) k = 4;

else if(b == 8) k = 3;

else if(b == 2) k = 1;

else if(b == 32) k = 5;

else if(b == 4) k = 2;

else return this.toRadix(b);

var km = (1<<k)-1, d, m = false, r = “”, i = this.t;

var p = this.DB-(i*this.DB)%k;

if(i-- > 0) {

if(p < this.DB && (d = this[i]>>p) > 0) { m = true; r = int2char(d); }

while(i >= 0) {

if(p < k) {

d = (this[i]&((1<<p)-1))<<(k-p);

d |= this[–i]>>(p+=this.DB-k);

}

else {

d = (this[i]>>(p-=k))&km;

if(p <= 0) { p += this.DB; --i; }

}

if(d > 0) m = true;

if(m) r += int2char(d);

}

}

return m?r:“0”;

}

// (public) -this

function bnNegate() { var r = nbi(); BigInteger.ZERO.subTo(this,r); return r; }

// (public) |this|

function bnAbs() { return (this.s<0)?this.negate():this; }

// (public) return + if this > a, - if this < a, 0 if equal

function bnCompareTo(a) {

var r = this.s-a.s;

if(r != 0) return r;

var i = this.t;

r = i-a.t;

if(r != 0) return r;

while(–i >= 0) if((r=this[i]-a[i]) != 0) return r;

return 0;

}

// returns bit length of the integer x

function nbits(x) {

var r = 1, t;

if((t=x>>>16) != 0) { x = t; r += 16; }

if((t=x>>8) != 0) { x = t; r += 8; }

if((t=x>>4) != 0) { x = t; r += 4; }

if((t=x>>2) != 0) { x = t; r += 2; }

if((t=x>>1) != 0) { x = t; r += 1; }

return r;

}

// (public) return the number of bits in “this”

function bnBitLength() {

if(this.t <= 0) return 0;

return this.DB*(this.t-1)+nbits(this[this.t-1]^(this.s&this.DM));

}

// (protected) r = this << n*DB

function bnpDLShiftTo(n,r) {

var i;

for(i = this.t-1; i >= 0; --i) r[i+n] = this[i];

for(i = n-1; i >= 0; --i) r[i] = 0;

r.t = this.t+n;

r.s = this.s;

}

// (protected) r = this >> n*DB

function bnpDRShiftTo(n,r) {

for(var i = n; i < this.t; ++i) r[i-n] = this[i];

r.t = Math.max(this.t-n,0);

r.s = this.s;

}

// (protected) r = this << n

function bnpLShiftTo(n,r) {

var bs = n%this.DB;

var cbs = this.DB-bs;

var bm = (1<<cbs)-1;

var ds = Math.floor(n/this.DB), c = (this.s<<bs)&this.DM, i;

for(i = this.t-1; i >= 0; --i) {

r[i+ds+1] = (this[i]>>cbs)|c;

c = (this[i]&bm)<<bs;

}

for(i = ds-1; i >= 0; --i) r[i] = 0;

r[ds] = c;

r.t = this.t+ds+1;

r.s = this.s;

r.clamp();

}

// (protected) r = this >> n

function bnpRShiftTo(n,r) {

r.s = this.s;

var ds = Math.floor(n/this.DB);

if(ds >= this.t) { r.t = 0; return; }

var bs = n%this.DB;

var cbs = this.DB-bs;

var bm = (1<<bs)-1;

r[0] = this[ds]>>bs;

for(var i = ds+1; i < this.t; ++i) {

r[i-ds-1] |= (this[i]&bm)<<cbs;

r[i-ds] = this[i]>>bs;

}

if(bs > 0) r[this.t-ds-1] |= (this.s&bm)<<cbs;

r.t = this.t-ds;

r.clamp();

}

// (protected) r = this - a

function bnpSubTo(a,r) {

var i = 0, c = 0, m = Math.min(a.t,this.t);

while(i < m) {

c += this[i]-a[i];

r[i++] = c&this.DM;

c >>= this.DB;

}

if(a.t < this.t) {

c -= a.s;

while(i < this.t) {

c += this[i];

r[i++] = c&this.DM;

c >>= this.DB;

}

c += this.s;

}

else {

c += this.s;

while(i < a.t) {

c -= a[i];

r[i++] = c&this.DM;

c >>= this.DB;

}

c -= a.s;

}

r.s = (c<0)?-1:0;

if(c < -1) r[i++] = this.DV+c;

else if(c > 0) r[i++] = c;

r.t = i;

r.clamp();

}

// (protected) r = this * a, r != this,a (HAC 14.12)

// “this” should be the larger one if appropriate.

function bnpMultiplyTo(a,r) {

var x = this.abs(), y = a.abs();

var i = x.t;

r.t = i+y.t;

while(–i >= 0) r[i] = 0;

for(i = 0; i < y.t; ++i) r[i+x.t] = x.am(0,y[i],r,i,0,x.t);

r.s = 0;

r.clamp();

if(this.s != a.s) BigInteger.ZERO.subTo(r,r);

}

// (protected) r = this^2, r != this (HAC 14.16)

function bnpSquareTo® {

var x = this.abs();

var i = r.t = 2*x.t;

while(–i >= 0) r[i] = 0;

for(i = 0; i < x.t-1; ++i) {

var c = x.am(i,x[i],r,2*i,0,1);

if((r[i+x.t]+=x.am(i+1,2x[i],r,2i+1,c,x.t-i-1)) >= x.DV) {

r[i+x.t] -= x.DV;

r[i+x.t+1] = 1;

}

}

if(r.t > 0) r[r.t-1] += x.am(i,x[i],r,2*i,0,1);

r.s = 0;

r.clamp();

}

// (protected) divide this by m, quotient and remainder to q, r (HAC 14.20)

// r != q, this != m. q or r may be null.

function bnpDivRemTo(m,q,r) {

var pm = m.abs();

if(pm.t <= 0) return;

var pt = this.abs();

if(pt.t < pm.t) {

if(q != null) q.fromInt(0);

if(r != null) this.copyTo®;

return;

}

if(r == null) r = nbi();

var y = nbi(), ts = this.s, ms = m.s;

var nsh = this.DB-nbits(pm[pm.t-1]);   // normalize modulus

if(nsh > 0) { pm.lShiftTo(nsh,y); pt.lShiftTo(nsh,r); }

else { pm.copyTo(y); pt.copyTo®; }

var ys = y.t;

var y0 = y[ys-1];

if(y0 == 0) return;

var yt = y0*(1<<this.F1)+((ys>1)?y[ys-2]>>this.F2:0);

var d1 = this.FV/yt, d2 = (1<<this.F1)/yt, e = 1<<this.F2;

var i = r.t, j = i-ys, t = (q==null)?nbi():q;

y.dlShiftTo(j,t);

if(r.compareTo(t) >= 0) {

r[r.t++] = 1;

r.subTo(t,r);

}

BigInteger.ONE.dlShiftTo(ys,t);

t.subTo(y,y);   // “negative” y so we can replace sub with am later

while(y.t < ys) y[y.t++] = 0;

while(–j >= 0) {

// Estimate quotient digit

var qd = (r[–i]==y0)?this.DM:Math.floor(r[i]*d1+(r[i-1]+e)*d2);

if((r[i]+=y.am(0,qd,r,j,0,ys)) < qd) {   // Try it out

y.dlShiftTo(j,t);

r.subTo(t,r);

while(r[i] < --qd) r.subTo(t,r);

}

}

if(q != null) {

r.drShiftTo(ys,q);

if(ts != ms) BigInteger.ZERO.subTo(q,q);

}

r.t = ys;

r.clamp();

if(nsh > 0) r.rShiftTo(nsh,r);   // Denormalize remainder

if(ts < 0) BigInteger.ZERO.subTo(r,r);

}

// (public) this mod a

function bnMod(a) {

var r = nbi();

this.abs().divRemTo(a,null,r);

if(this.s < 0 && r.compareTo(BigInteger.ZERO) > 0) a.subTo(r,r);

return r;

}

// Modular reduction using “classic” algorithm

function Classic(m) { this.m = m; }

function cConvert(x) {

if(x.s < 0 || x.compareTo(this.m) >= 0) return x.mod(this.m);

else return x;

}

function cRevert(x) { return x; }

function cReduce(x) { x.divRemTo(this.m,null,x); }

function cMulTo(x,y,r) { x.multiplyTo(y,r); this.reduce®; }

function cSqrTo(x,r) { x.squareTo®; this.reduce®; }

Classic.prototype.convert = cConvert;

Classic.prototype.revert = cRevert;

Classic.prototype.reduce = cReduce;

Classic.prototype.mulTo = cMulTo;

Classic.prototype.sqrTo = cSqrTo;

// (protected) return “-1/this % 2^DB”; useful for Mont. reduction

// justification:

//         xy == 1 (mod m)

//         xy = 1+km

//   xy(2-xy) = (1+km)(1-km)

// x[y(2-xy)] = 1-k2m2

// x[y(2-xy)] == 1 (mod m^2)

// if y is 1/x mod m, then y(2-xy) is 1/x mod m^2

// should reduce x and y(2-xy) by m^2 at each step to keep size bounded.

// JS multiply “overflows” differently from C/C++, so care is needed here.

function bnpInvDigit() {

if(this.t < 1) return 0;

var x = this[0];

if((x&1) == 0) return 0;

var y = x&3;       // y == 1/x mod 2^2

y = (y*(2-(x&0xf)*y))&0xf;   // y == 1/x mod 2^4

y = (y*(2-(x&0xff)*y))&0xff;   // y == 1/x mod 2^8

y = (y*(2-(((x&0xffff)*y)&0xffff)))&0xffff;   // y == 1/x mod 2^16

// last step - calculate inverse mod DV directly;

// assumes 16 < DB <= 32 and assumes ability to handle 48-bit ints

y = (y*(2-x*y%this.DV))%this.DV;       // y == 1/x mod 2^dbits

// we really want the negative inverse, and -DV < y < DV

return (y>0)?this.DV-y:-y;

}

// Montgomery reduction

function Montgomery(m) {

this.m = m;

this.mp = m.invDigit();

this.mpl = this.mp&0x7fff;

this.mph = this.mp>>15;

this.um = (1<<(m.DB-15))-1;

this.mt2 = 2*m.t;

}

// xR mod m

function montConvert(x) {

var r = nbi();

x.abs().dlShiftTo(this.m.t,r);

r.divRemTo(this.m,null,r);

if(x.s < 0 && r.compareTo(BigInteger.ZERO) > 0) this.m.subTo(r,r);

return r;

}

// x/R mod m

function montRevert(x) {

var r = nbi();

x.copyTo®;

this.reduce®;

return r;

}

// x = x/R mod m (HAC 14.32)

function montReduce(x) {

while(x.t <= this.mt2)   // pad x so am has enough room later

x[x.t++] = 0;

for(var i = 0; i < this.m.t; ++i) {

// faster way of calculating u0 = x[i]*mp mod DV

var j = x[i]&0x7fff;

var u0 = (jthis.mpl+(((jthis.mph+(x[i]>>15)*this.mpl)&this.um)<<15))&x.DM;

// use am to combine the multiply-shift-add into one call

j = i+this.m.t;

x[j] += this.m.am(0,u0,x,i,0,this.m.t);

// propagate carry

while(x[j] >= x.DV) { x[j] -= x.DV; x[++j]++; }

}

x.clamp();

x.drShiftTo(this.m.t,x);

if(x.compareTo(this.m) >= 0) x.subTo(this.m,x);

}

// r = “x^2/R mod m”; x != r

function montSqrTo(x,r) { x.squareTo®; this.reduce®; }

// r = “xy/R mod m”; x,y != r

function montMulTo(x,y,r) { x.multiplyTo(y,r); this.reduce®; }

Montgomery.prototype.convert = montConvert;

Montgomery.prototype.revert = montRevert;

Montgomery.prototype.reduce = montReduce;

Montgomery.prototype.mulTo = montMulTo;

Montgomery.prototype.sqrTo = montSqrTo;

// (protected) true iff this is even

function bnpIsEven() { return ((this.t>0)?(this[0]&1):this.s) == 0; }

// (protected) this^e, e < 2^32, doing sqr and mul with “r” (HAC 14.79)

function bnpExp(e,z) {

if(e > 0xffffffff || e < 1) return BigInteger.ONE;

var r = nbi(), r2 = nbi(), g = z.convert(this), i = nbits(e)-1;

g.copyTo®;

while(–i >= 0) {

z.sqrTo(r,r2);

if((e&(1<<i)) > 0) z.mulTo(r2,g,r);

else { var t = r; r = r2; r2 = t; }

}

return z.revert®;

}

// (public) this^e % m, 0 <= e < 2^32

function bnModPowInt(e,m) {

var z;

if(e < 256 || m.isEven()) z = new Classic(m); else z = new Montgomery(m);

return this.exp(e,z);

}

// protected

BigInteger.prototype.copyTo = bnpCopyTo;

BigInteger.prototype.fromInt = bnpFromInt;

BigInteger.prototype.fromString = bnpFromString;

BigInteger.prototype.clamp = bnpClamp;

BigInteger.prototype.dlShiftTo = bnpDLShiftTo;

BigInteger.prototype.drShiftTo = bnpDRShiftTo;

BigInteger.prototype.lShiftTo = bnpLShiftTo;

BigInteger.prototype.rShiftTo = bnpRShiftTo;

BigInteger.prototype.subTo = bnpSubTo;

BigInteger.prototype.multiplyTo = bnpMultiplyTo;

BigInteger.prototype.squareTo = bnpSquareTo;

BigInteger.prototype.divRemTo = bnpDivRemTo;

BigInteger.prototype.invDigit = bnpInvDigit;

BigInteger.prototype.isEven = bnpIsEven;

BigInteger.prototype.exp = bnpExp;

// public

BigInteger.prototype.toString = bnToString;

BigInteger.prototype.negate = bnNegate;

BigInteger.prototype.abs = bnAbs;

BigInteger.prototype.compareTo = bnCompareTo;

BigInteger.prototype.bitLength = bnBitLength;

BigInteger.prototype.mod = bnMod;

BigInteger.prototype.modPowInt = bnModPowInt;

// “constants”

BigInteger.ZERO = nbv(0);

BigInteger.ONE = nbv(1);

// Copyright © 2005 Tom Wu

// All Rights Reserved.

// See “LICENSE” for details.

// Extended JavaScript BN functions, required for RSA private ops.

// (public)

function bnClone() { var r = nbi(); this.copyTo®; return r; }

// (public) return value as integer

function bnIntValue() {

if(this.s < 0) {

if(this.t == 1) return this[0]-this.DV;

else if(this.t == 0) return -1;

}

else if(this.t == 1) return this[0];

else if(this.t == 0) return 0;

// assumes 16 < DB < 32

return ((this[1]&((1<<(32-this.DB))-1))<<this.DB)|this[0];

}

// (public) return value as byte

function bnByteValue() { return (this.t==0)?this.s:(this[0]<<24)>>24; }

// (public) return value as short (assumes DB>=16)

function bnShortValue() { return (this.t==0)?this.s:(this[0]<<16)>>16; }

// (protected) return x s.t. r^x < DV

function bnpChunkSize® { return Math.floor(Math.LN2*this.DB/Math.log®); }

// (public) 0 if this == 0, 1 if this > 0

function bnSigNum() {

if(this.s < 0) return -1;

else if(this.t <= 0 || (this.t == 1 && this[0] <= 0)) return 0;

else return 1;

}

// (protected) convert to radix string

function bnpToRadix(b) {

if(b == null) b = 10;

if(this.signum() == 0 || b < 2 || b > 36) return “0”;

var cs = this.chunkSize(b);

var a = Math.pow(b,cs);

var d = nbv(a), y = nbi(), z = nbi(), r = “”;

this.divRemTo(d,y,z);

while(y.signum() > 0) {

r = (a+z.intValue()).toString(b).substr(1) + r;

y.divRemTo(d,y,z);

}

return z.intValue().toString(b) + r;

}

// (protected) convert from radix string

function bnpFromRadix(s,b) {

this.fromInt(0);

if(b == null) b = 10;

var cs = this.chunkSize(b);

var d = Math.pow(b,cs), mi = false, j = 0, w = 0;

for(var i = 0; i < s.length; ++i) {

var x = intAt(s,i);

if(x < 0) {

if(s.charAt(i) == “-” && this.signum() == 0) mi = true;

continue;

}

w = b*w+x;

if(++j >= cs) {

this.dMultiply(d);

this.dAddOffset(w,0);

j = 0;

w = 0;

}

}

if(j > 0) {

this.dMultiply(Math.pow(b,j));

this.dAddOffset(w,0);

}

if(mi) BigInteger.ZERO.subTo(this,this);

}

// (protected) alternate constructor

function bnpFromNumber(a,b,c) {

if(“number” == typeof b) {

// new BigInteger(int,int,RNG)

if(a < 2) this.fromInt(1);

else {

this.fromNumber(a,c);

if(!this.testBit(a-1))   // force MSB set

this.bitwiseTo(BigInteger.ONE.shiftLeft(a-1),op_or,this);

if(this.isEven()) this.dAddOffset(1,0); // force odd

while(!this.isProbablePrime(b)) {

this.dAddOffset(2,0);

if(this.bitLength() > a) this.subTo(BigInteger.ONE.shiftLeft(a-1),this);

}

}

}

else {

// new BigInteger(int,RNG)

var x = new Array(), t = a&7;

x.length = (a>>3)+1;

b.nextBytes(x);

if(t > 0) x[0] &= ((1<<t)-1); else x[0] = 0;

this.fromString(x,256);

}

}

// (public) convert to bigendian byte array

function bnToByteArray() {

var i = this.t, r = new Array();

r[0] = this.s;

var p = this.DB-(i*this.DB)%8, d, k = 0;

if(i-- > 0) {

if(p < this.DB && (d = this[i]>>p) != (this.s&this.DM)>>p)

r[k++] = d|(this.s<<(this.DB-p));

while(i >= 0) {

if(p < 8) {

d = (this[i]&((1<<p)-1))<<(8-p);

d |= this[–i]>>(p+=this.DB-8);

}

else {

d = (this[i]>>(p-=8))&0xff;

if(p <= 0) { p += this.DB; --i; }

}

if((d&0x80) != 0) d |= -256;

if(k == 0 && (this.s&0x80) != (d&0x80)) ++k;

if(k > 0 || d != this.s) r[k++] = d;

}

}

return r;

}

function bnEquals(a) { return(this.compareTo(a)==0); }

function bnMin(a) { return(this.compareTo(a)<0)?this:a; }

function bnMax(a) { return(this.compareTo(a)>0)?this:a; }

// (protected) r = this op a (bitwise)

function bnpBitwiseTo(a,op,r) {

var i, f, m = Math.min(a.t,this.t);

for(i = 0; i < m; ++i) r[i] = op(this[i],a[i]);

if(a.t < this.t) {

f = a.s&this.DM;

for(i = m; i < this.t; ++i) r[i] = op(this[i],f);

r.t = this.t;

}

else {

f = this.s&this.DM;

for(i = m; i < a.t; ++i) r[i] = op(f,a[i]);

r.t = a.t;

}

r.s = op(this.s,a.s);

r.clamp();

}

// (public) this & a

function op_and(x,y) { return x&y; }

function bnAnd(a) { var r = nbi(); this.bitwiseTo(a,op_and,r); return r; }

// (public) this | a

function op_or(x,y) { return x|y; }

function bnOr(a) { var r = nbi(); this.bitwiseTo(a,op_or,r); return r; }

// (public) this ^ a

function op_xor(x,y) { return x^y; }

function bnXor(a) { var r = nbi(); this.bitwiseTo(a,op_xor,r); return r; }

// (public) this & ~a

function op_andnot(x,y) { return x&~y; }

function bnAndNot(a) { var r = nbi(); this.bitwiseTo(a,op_andnot,r); return r; }

// (public) ~this

function bnNot() {

var r = nbi();

for(var i = 0; i < this.t; ++i) r[i] = this.DM&~this[i];

r.t = this.t;

r.s = ~this.s;

return r;

}

// (public) this << n

function bnShiftLeft(n) {

var r = nbi();

if(n < 0) this.rShiftTo(-n,r); else this.lShiftTo(n,r);

return r;

}

// (public) this >> n

function bnShiftRight(n) {

var r = nbi();

if(n < 0) this.lShiftTo(-n,r); else this.rShiftTo(n,r);

return r;

}

// return index of lowest 1-bit in x, x < 2^31

function lbit(x) {

if(x == 0) return -1;

var r = 0;

if((x&0xffff) == 0) { x >>= 16; r += 16; }

if((x&0xff) == 0) { x >>= 8; r += 8; }

if((x&0xf) == 0) { x >>= 4; r += 4; }

if((x&3) == 0) { x >>= 2; r += 2; }

if((x&1) == 0) ++r;

return r;

}

// (public) returns index of lowest 1-bit (or -1 if none)

function bnGetLowestSetBit() {

for(var i = 0; i < this.t; ++i)

if(this[i] != 0) return i*this.DB+lbit(this[i]);

if(this.s < 0) return this.t*this.DB;

return -1;

}

// return number of 1 bits in x

function cbit(x) {

var r = 0;

while(x != 0) { x &= x-1; ++r; }

return r;

}

// (public) return number of set bits

function bnBitCount() {

var r = 0, x = this.s&this.DM;

for(var i = 0; i < this.t; ++i) r += cbit(this[i]^x);

return r;

}

// (public) true iff nth bit is set

function bnTestBit(n) {

var j = Math.floor(n/this.DB);

if(j >= this.t) return(this.s!=0);

return((this[j]&(1<<(n%this.DB)))!=0);

}

// (protected) this op (1<<n)

function bnpChangeBit(n,op) {

var r = BigInteger.ONE.shiftLeft(n);

this.bitwiseTo(r,op,r);

return r;

}

// (public) this | (1<<n)

function bnSetBit(n) { return this.changeBit(n,op_or); }

// (public) this & ~(1<<n)

function bnClearBit(n) { return this.changeBit(n,op_andnot); }

// (public) this ^ (1<<n)

function bnFlipBit(n) { return this.changeBit(n,op_xor); }

// (protected) r = this + a

function bnpAddTo(a,r) {

var i = 0, c = 0, m = Math.min(a.t,this.t);

while(i < m) {

c += this[i]+a[i];

r[i++] = c&this.DM;

c >>= this.DB;

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