最后
金三银四马上就到了,希望大家能好好学习一下这些技术点
学习视频:
大厂面试真题:
Instant first = Instant.now();
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
Instant second = Instant.now();
Duration duration = Duration.between(first, second);
System.out.println(duration);
System.out.println(“秒:”+duration.getSeconds());
System.out.println(“纳秒:”+duration.getNano());
可以转换整个时间成其他单位,如纳秒,毫秒,分钟,小时,天
Instant first = Instant.now();
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
Instant second = Instant.now();
Duration duration = Duration.between(first, second);
System.out.println(duration);
System.out.println(“秒:”+duration.getSeconds());
System.out.println(“纳秒:”+duration.getNano());
System.out.println(“纳秒:”+duration.toNanos());
System.out.println(“毫秒:”+duration.toMillis());
System.out.println(“分:”+duration.toMinutes());
System.out.println(“小时:”+duration.toHours());
System.out.println(“天:”+duration.toDays());
由图上可知,getNano 方法和toNanos 方法不太一样,前者是获取这段时间的小于1s的部分,后者是整个时间转化为纳秒。
Duration计算
plusNanos()
plusMillis()
plusSeconds()
plusMinutes()
plusHours()
plusDays()
minusNanos()
minusMillis()
minusSeconds()
minusMinutes()
minusHours()
minusDays()
以plusSeconds 和minusSeconds 为例:
LocalDateTime first = LocalDateTime.of(2021, 8, 30, 23, 14, 20);
LocalDateTime second = LocalDateTime.of(2021, 8, 30, 23, 13, 0);
Duration duration = Duration.between(first, second);
System.out.println(duration);
Duration duration1 = duration.plusSeconds(10);
System.out.println(“plusSeconds 后:”+duration);
System.out.println(“plusSeconds 后新的Duration对象:”+duration1);
Duration duration2 = duration.minusSeconds(10);
System.out.println(“minusSeconds 后:”+duration);
System.out.println(“minusSeconds 后新的Duration对象:”+duration2);
由上面的验证可知,这些计算方法执行后,会返回一个新的Duration对象,原先的Duration对象不变。
==========================================================================
包路径:java.time.Period
public final class Period
implements ChronoPeriod, Serializable {
/**
- The number of years.
*/
private final int years;
/**
- The number of months.
*/
private final int months;
/**
- The number of days.
*/
private final int days;
…
}
Period 是ChronoPeriod 的实现类,类里包含两个变量years ,months 和 days ,所以Period 是由年,月和日组成的时间量。
创建Period对象
LocalDate first = LocalDate.of(2021, 8, 29);
LocalDate second = LocalDate.of(2022, 9, 30);
Period period = Period.between(first, second);
System.out.println(period);
访问Period的时间
LocalDate first = LocalDate.of(2021, 8, 28);
LocalDate second = LocalDate.of(2022, 10, 31);
Period period = Period.between(first, second);
System.out.println(period);
System.out.println(“年:”+period.getYears());
System.out.println(“月:”+period.getMonths());
System.out.println(“日:”+period.getDays());
可以转换整个时间成其他单位,月
LocalDate first = LocalDate.of(2021, 8, 29);
LocalDate second = LocalDate.of(2022, 9, 30);
Period period = Period.between(first, second);
System.out.println(period);
System.out.println(“月:”+period.toTotalMonths());
由图上可知,getMonths 方法和toTotalMonths 方法不太一样,前者是获取这段时间的月的部分,后者是整个时间转化为以月为单位长度。
toTotalMonths 源码:
public long toTotalMonths() {
return years * 12L + months; // no overflow
}
Duration计算
plusDays()
plusMonths()
plusYears()
minusDays()
minusMonths()
minusYears()
以plusMonths 和minusMonths 为例:
LocalDate first = LocalDate.of(2021, 8, 28);
LocalDate second = LocalDate.of(2022, 10, 31);
Period period = Period.between(first, second);
System.out.println(period);
Period period1 = period.plusMonths(1);
System.out.println(“plusMonths 后:”+period);
System.out.println(“plusMonths 后新的Period对象:”+period1);
Period period2 = period.minusMonths(1);
System.out.println(“minusMonths 后:”+period);
System.out.println(“minusMonths 后新的Period对象:”+period2);
由上面的验证可知,这些计算方法执行后,会返回一个新的Period对象,原先的Period对象不变。
================================================================================
包路径:java.time.temporal.TemporalUnit
public interface TemporalUnit {
…
}
public enum ChronoUnit implements TemporalUnit {
private final String name;
private final Duration duration;
…
}
TemporalUnit 主要实现类是枚举类型ChronoUnit
一个ChronoUnit成员会维护一个字符串名字属性name和一个Duration类型的实例。
其中ChronoUnit枚举了标准的日期时间单位集合,就是常用的年、月、日、小时、分钟、秒、毫秒、微秒、纳秒,这些时间单位的时间量到底是多少,代表多长的时间,在该枚举类中都有定义。
public enum ChronoUnit implements TemporalUnit {
NANOS(“Nanos”, Duration.ofNanos(1)),
MICROS(“Micros”, Duration.ofNanos(1000)),
MILLIS(“Millis”, Duration.ofNanos(1000_000)),
SECONDS(“Seconds”, Duration.ofSeconds(1)),
MINUTES(“Minutes”, Duration.ofSeconds(60)),
HOURS(“Hours”, Duration.ofSeconds(3600)),
HALF_DAYS(“HalfDays”, Duration.ofSeconds(43200)),
DAYS(“Days”, Duration.ofSeconds(86400)),
WEEKS(“Weeks”, Duration.ofSeconds(7 * 86400L)),
MONTHS(“Months”, Duration.ofSeconds(31556952L / 12)),
YEARS(“Years”, Duration.ofSeconds(31556952L)),
DECADES(“Decades”, Duration.ofSeconds(31556952L * 10L)),
CENTURIES(“Centuries”, Duration.ofSeconds(31556952L * 100L)),
MILLENNIA(“Millennia”, Duration.ofSeconds(31556952L * 1000L)),
ERAS(“Eras”, Duration.ofSeconds(31556952L * 1000_000_000L)),
FOREVER(“Forever”, Duration.ofSeconds(Long.MAX_VALUE, 999_999_999));
private final String name;
private final Duration duration;
private ChronoUnit(String name, Duration estimatedDuration) {
this.name = name;
this.duration = estimatedDuration;
}
···
}
LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.of(2021, 8, 30, 23, 14, 20);
LocalDateTime offset = localDateTime.plus(1, ChronoUnit.DAYS);
// 非同一对象
Assert.assertNotSame(localDateTime, offset);
System.out.println(offset);
=================================================================================
包路径:java.time.temporal.TemporalField
public interface TemporalField {
…
}
public enum ChronoField implements TemporalField {
private final String name;
private final TemporalUnit baseUnit;
private final TemporalUnit rangeUnit;
private final ValueRange range;
…
}
TemporalField 主要实现类是枚举类型ChronoField
一个ChronoField成员会维护一个字符串名字属性name、一个TemporalUnit的基础单位baseUnit、一个TemporalUnit的表示范围的单位rangeUnit和一个ValueRange类型的range用于表示当前属性的范围。
public enum ChronoField implements TemporalField {
//一秒钟的纳秒数
NANO_OF_SECOND(“NanoOfSecond”, NANOS, SECONDS, ValueRange.of(0, 999_999_999))
//一分钟的秒数
SECOND_OF_MINUTE(“SecondOfMinute”, SECONDS, MINUTES, ValueRange.of(0, 59), “second”)
//一个小时的分钟数
MINUTE_OF_HOUR(“MinuteOfHour”, MINUTES, HOURS, ValueRange.of(0, 59), “minute”)
//一上午或者一下午有多少个小时
CLOCK_HOUR_OF_AMPM(“ClockHourOfAmPm”, HOURS, HALF_DAYS, ValueRange.of(1, 12))
//一天的小时数
CLOCK_HOUR_OF_DAY(“ClockHourOfDay”, HOURS, DAYS, ValueRange.of(1, 24))
//上午还是下午
AMPM_OF_DAY(“AmPmOfDay”, HALF_DAYS, DAYS, ValueRange.of(0, 1), “dayperiod”)
//一周的第几天
DAY_OF_WEEK(“DayOfWeek”, DAYS, WEEKS, ValueRange.of(1, 7), “weekday”)
//当前月的天数
DAY_OF_MONTH(“DayOfMonth”, DAYS, MONTHS, ValueRange.of(1, 28, 31), “day”)
//当前年的天数
DAY_OF_YEAR(“DayOfYear”, DAYS, YEARS, ValueRange.of(1, 365, 366))
//当前月的周数
ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_MONTH(“AlignedWeekOfMonth”, WEEKS, MONTHS, ValueRange.of(1, 4, 5))
//当前年的周数
ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_YEAR(“AlignedWeekOfYear”, WEEKS, YEARS, ValueRange.of(1, 53))
//以每月的第一天为星期一,然后计算当天是一周的第几天
ALIGNED_DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH(“AlignedDayOfWeekInMonth”, DAYS, WEEKS, ValueRange.of(1, 7))
//以每月的第一天为星期一,然后计算当天是一周的第几天
ALIGNED_DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_YEAR(“AlignedDayOfWeekInYear”, DAYS, WEEKS, ValueRange.of(1, 7))
//当前年的月数
MONTH_OF_YEAR(“MonthOfYear”, MONTHS, YEARS, ValueRange.of(1, 12), “month”)
private final TemporalUnit baseUnit;
private final String name;
private final TemporalUnit rangeUnit;
private final ValueRange range;
private final String displayNameKey;
…
}
ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_MONTH 和 ALIGNED_DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH 使用示例
//每七天一周,2021-08-31 是周二,对应的值是3
int num = LocalDate.of(2021, 8, 31).get(ChronoField.ALIGNED_DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH);
System.out.println(num);
//这个月的第5周 2021-08-31
num = LocalDate.of(2021, 8, 31).get(ChronoField.ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_MONTH);
System.out.println(num);
==============================================================================
ValueRange 表示取值范围。
public final class ValueRange implements Serializable {
/**
- The smallest minimum value.最小值
*/
private final long minSmallest;
/**
- The largest minimum value.最大可能最小值
*/
private final long minLargest;
/**
- The smallest maximum value.最小可能最大值
*/
private final long maxSmallest;
/**
- The largest maximum value.最大值
*/
private final long maxLargest;
…
}
ValueRange valueRange = ValueRange.of(1L, 10000L);
System.out.println(valueRange);
valueRange = ValueRange.of(1L, 5L, 10000L, 50000L);
System.out.println(valueRange);
LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.of(2021, 8, 30, 23, 14, 20);
ValueRange valueRange = localDateTime.range(ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH);
System.out.println(valueRange.getMinimum());
System.out.println(valueRange.getMaximum());
System.out.println(valueRange.getLargestMinimum());
System.out.println(valueRange.getSmallestMaximum());
=====================================================================================
判断是否闰年是由年表Chronology 提供的,通常情况下,我们使用ISO下的年表,是IsoChronology 。
看下代码实现
@Override
public boolean isLeapYear(long prolepticYear) {
return ((prolepticYear & 3) == 0) && ((prolepticYear % 100) != 0 || (prolepticYear % 400) == 0);
}
好精炼的代码,值得我们研究研究
闰年的基本判定方法:
1、非整百年:能被4整除的为闰年。(如2004年就是闰年,2001年不是闰年)
2、整百年:能被400整除的是闰年。(如2000年是闰年,1900年不是闰年)
((prolepticYear & 3) == 0) && ((prolepticYear % 100) != 0 || (prolepticYear % 400) == 0);
这段代码用了两个条件,这两个条件都符合,才是闰年。
-
(prolepticYear & 3) == 0
-
(prolepticYear % 100) != 0 || (prolepticYear % 400) == 0
(prolepticYear & 3) == 0 用了与运算符“&”,其使用规律如下:
两个操作数中位都为1,结果才为1,否则结果为0。
3 的二进制是011 ,prolepticYear & 3 目的是保留最后2位二进制数,然后判断是否最后两位二进制数等于0。如果等于0,证明能被4整除。闰年一定要满足是4的倍数的条件;
(prolepticYear % 100) != 0 || (prolepticYear % 400) == 0 这个就比较好理解了,看是不是100的倍数或者是不是400 倍数。
而且小虚竹发现java.time.Year#isLeap() 用的实现代码逻辑是一样的
public static boolean isLeap(long year) {
return ((year & 3) == 0) && ((year % 100) != 0 || (year % 400) == 0);
}
即使是巨佬写的代码,也存在代码的复用性问题
上面IsoChronology 是对Chronology接口接口的isLeapYear实现,MinguoChronology等实现类的isLeapYear,互用了IsoChronology的isLeapYear方法。
//MinguoChronology
public boolean isLeapYear(long prolepticYear) {
return IsoChronology.INSTANCE.isLeapYear(prolepticYear + YEARS_DIFFERENCE);
}
最后
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件;
(prolepticYear % 100) != 0 || (prolepticYear % 400) == 0 这个就比较好理解了,看是不是100的倍数或者是不是400 倍数。
而且小虚竹发现java.time.Year#isLeap() 用的实现代码逻辑是一样的
public static boolean isLeap(long year) {
return ((year & 3) == 0) && ((year % 100) != 0 || (year % 400) == 0);
}
即使是巨佬写的代码,也存在代码的复用性问题
上面IsoChronology 是对Chronology接口接口的isLeapYear实现,MinguoChronology等实现类的isLeapYear,互用了IsoChronology的isLeapYear方法。
//MinguoChronology
public boolean isLeapYear(long prolepticYear) {
return IsoChronology.INSTANCE.isLeapYear(prolepticYear + YEARS_DIFFERENCE);
}
最后
如果觉得本文对你有帮助的话,不妨给我点个赞,关注一下吧!
[外链图片转存中…(img-3NLkipRF-1715721305929)]
[外链图片转存中…(img-jikHL9s8-1715721305929)]