JavaSE基础 —— 反射的基础、Class、Field、Method

System.out.println(“show information”);

}

}

public class Test2 {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Student student = new Student(“Mike”, 18);

Class cl = Student.class;

try {

// 实例有参方法

Method setAgeMethod = cl.getMethod(“setAge”, int.class) ;

setAgeMethod.invoke(student,28);

System.out.println(student.age);

// 静态无参方法

Method showMethod = cl.getMethod(“show”);

showMethod.invoke(null);

} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

这种方法调用的缺点是明显的。

一是，参数和返回值都是Object，需要来回强制转换。

二是，这样调用方法本身就是兜了个圈子，很耗时。

与Method对象类似，Constructor不过是一种特殊的方法。

Constructor 类

---

几个重要的方法原型。

// 获取构造器

public Constructor getConstructor(Class<?>… parameterTypes);

// 根据构造器生成实例

public T newInstance(Object … initargs)

举例。

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;

import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;

class Student {

public String name;

public int age;

public Student(String name, int age) {

this.name = name;

this.age = age;

}

@Override

public String toString() {

return “Student{” +

“name='” + name + ‘’’ +

“, age=” + age +

‘}’;

}

}

public class Test2 {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Class cl = Student.class;

try {

Constructor constructor = cl.getConstructor(String.class,int.class);

Student student = (Student) constructor.newInstance(“Jack”,18);

System.out.println(student);

} catch (NoSuchMethodException | IllegalAccessException | InstantiationException | InvocationTargetException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

附：《Java核心技术卷》书上的源代码：

package about_reflect;

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;

import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;

public class ClassAnalyzer {

private Class cl;

public ClassAnalyzer(Class clazz) {

this.cl = clazz;

}

// 输出所有的构造器（包括 private 、 protected）

public void printConstructors() {

Constructor[] constructors = cl.getDeclaredConstructors();

for(Constructor c:constructors){

String name = c.getName();

System.out.print(" ");

String modifiers = Modifier.toString(c.getModifiers());

if(modifiers.length()>0) System.out.print(modifiers+" ");

System.out.print(name+“(”);

Class[] paramTypes = c.getParameterTypes();

for(int j=0;j<paramTypes.length;j++){

if(j>0) System.out.print(", ");

System.out.print(paramTypes[j].getName());

}

System.out.println(“);”);

}

System.out.println();

}

// 输出在这个类中的所有的方法

public void printMethods() {

Method[] methods = cl.getDeclaredMethods();

for(Method m:methods){

Class retype = m.getReturnType();

String methodName = m.getName();

System.out.print(" ");

String modifiers = Modifier.toString(m.getModifiers());

if(modifiers.length()>0){

System.out.print(modifiers+" ");

}

System.out.print(retype.getName()+" “+methodName+”(");

Class[] params = m.getParameterTypes();

for(int j=0;j<params.length;j++){

if(j>0) System.out.print(", ");

System.out.print(params[j].getName());

}

System.out.println(“);”);

}

System.out.println();

}

// 输出在这个类中的所有的字段

public void printFields() {

Field[] fields = cl.getDeclaredFields();

for(Field field:fields) {

System.out.print(" ");

Class type = field.getType();

String modifiers = Modifier.toString(field.getModifiers());

if(modifiers.length()>0) System.out.print(modifiers+" ");

System.out.println(type.getName()+" “+field.getName()+”;");

}

System.out.println();

}

public void display() {

Class supercl = cl.getSuperclass();

String modifiers = Modifier.toString(cl.getModifiers());

if(modifiers.length()>0) System.out.print(modifiers+" ");

System.out.print("class "+cl.getName());

if(supercl != null && supercl != Object.class){

System.out.print(" extends "+supercl.getName());

}

System.out.println(" {\n");

printFields();

printConstructors();

printMethods();

System.out.println(“}”);

}

}

测试代码：

import about_reflect.ClassAnalyzer;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) {

try(var in = new Scanner(System.in)){

ClassAnalyzer classAnalyzer;

String classname = in.next();

try {

classAnalyzer = new ClassAnalyzer(Class.forName(classname));

} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {

System.out.println(“此类未找到”);

return;

}

classAnalyzer.display();

}

}

}

运行结果为：

java.lang.String

public final class java.lang.String {

private final [B value;

private final byte coder;

private int hash;

private static final long serialVersionUID;

static final boolean COMPACT_STRINGS;

private static final [Ljava.io.ObjectStreamField; serialPersistentFields;

public static final java.util.Comparator CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER;

static final byte LATIN1;

static final byte UTF16;

public java.lang.String([B);

public java.lang.String([B, int, int);

public java.lang.String([B, java.nio.charset.Charset);

public java.lang.String([B, java.lang.String);

public java.lang.String([B, int, int, java.nio.charset.Charset);

java.lang.String([C, int, int, java.lang.Void);

java.lang.String(java.lang.AbstractStringBuilder, java.lang.Void);

public java.lang.String(java.lang.StringBuilder);

public java.lang.String(java.lang.StringBuffer);

java.lang.String([B, byte);

public java.lang.String([C, int, int);

public java.lang.String([C);

public java.lang.String(java.lang.String);

public java.lang.String();

public java.lang.String([B, int, int, java.lang.String);

public java.lang.String([B, int);

public java.lang.String([B, int, int, int);

public java.lang.String([I, int, int);

[B value();

public boolean equals(java.lang.Object);

public int length();

public java.lang.String toString();

public int hashCode();

public void getChars(int, int, [C, int);

public int compareTo(java.lang.String);

public volatile int compareTo(java.lang.Object);

public int indexOf(java.lang.String, int);

public int indexOf(int);

static int indexOf([B, byte, int, java.lang.String, int);

public int indexOf(int, int);

public int indexOf(java.lang.String);

static void checkIndex(int, int);

public static java.lang.String valueOf(int);

public static java.lang.String valueOf(float);

public static java.lang.String valueOf(boolean);

public static java.lang.String valueOf(long);

public static java.lang.String valueOf(double);

public static java.lang.String valueOf(java.lang.Object);

public static java.lang.String valueOf(char);

public static java.lang.String valueOf([C);

public static java.lang.String valueOf([C, int, int);

byte coder();

private static java.lang.Void rangeCheck([C, int, int);

public java.util.stream.IntStream codePoints();

public boolean isEmpty();

public char charAt(int);

public int codePointAt(int);

public int codePointBefore(int);

public int codePointCount(int, int);

public int offsetByCodePoints(int, int);

public [B getBytes(java.nio.charset.Charset);

public void getBytes(int, int, [B, int);

public [B getBytes(java.lang.String);

public [B getBytes();

void getBytes([B, int, byte);

public boolean contentEquals(java.lang.StringBuffer);

public boolean contentEquals(java.lang.CharSequence);

private boolean nonSyncContentEquals(java.lang.AbstractStringBuilder);

public boolean equalsIgnoreCase(java.lang.String);

public int compareToIgnoreCase(java.lang.String);

public boolean regionMatches(boolean, int, java.lang.String, int, int);

public boolean regionMatches(int, java.lang.String, int, int);

public boolean startsWith(java.lang.String);

public boolean startsWith(java.lang.String, int);

public boolean endsWith(java.lang.String);

public int lastIndexOf(int);

static int lastIndexOf([B, byte, int, java.lang.String, int);

public int lastIndexOf(java.lang.String, int);

public int lastIndexOf(java.lang.String);

public int lastIndexOf(int, int);

public java.lang.String substring(int, int);

public java.lang.String substring(int);

public java.lang.CharSequence subSequence(int, int);

public java.lang.String concat(java.lang.String);

public java.lang.String replace(java.lang.CharSequence, java.lang.CharSequence);

public java.lang.String replace(char, char);

public boolean matches(java.lang.String);

public boolean contains(java.lang.CharSequence);

public java.lang.String replaceFirst(java.lang.String, java.lang.String);

public java.lang.String replaceAll(java.lang.String, java.lang.String);

public [Ljava.lang.String; split(java.lang.String);

public [Ljava.lang.String; split(java.lang.String, int);

public static transient java.lang.String join(java.lang.CharSequence, [Ljava.lang.CharSequence;);

public static java.lang.String join(java.lang.CharSequence, java.lang.Iterable);

public java.lang.String toLowerCase();

public java.lang.String toLowerCase(java.util.Locale);