bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br0 8000.000000000000 no
[root@master ~]# brctl addif br0 eth0
[root@master ~]# brctl show
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br0 8000.000000000000 no eth0
删除eth0上面的ip地址,将br0上面添加上固定ip地址
[root@master ~]# ip addr del dev eth0 192.168.3.176/24 //删除eth0上的IP地址
[root@master ~]# ifconfig br0 192.168.3.176/24 up //配置br0的IP地址并启动设备
[root@master ~]# route add default gw 192.168.3.1 //重新加入默认网关
查看配置是否生效
[root@master ~]# route //查看默认网关
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.3.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 br0
default 192.168.3.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 br0
[root@master ~]# ip addr show //查看eth0跟br0的IP信息
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:a7:b7:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fea7:b756/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: br0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/ether 52:54:00:a7:b7:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.3.176/24 brd 192.168.3.255 scope global br0
inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fea7:b756/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@master ~]# ping 192.168.3.1 -w2 //测试同一网段连接是否成功,判断网卡IP是否绑定正确
PING 192.168.3.1 (192.168.3.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.3.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=3.45 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.3.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=4.20 ms
— 192.168.3.1 ping statistics —
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 2000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 3.457/3.832/4.208/0.380 ms
[root@master ~]# ping 192.168.1.1 -w2 //测试不同网段连接是否成功,判断网关是否添加成功
PING 192.168.1.1 (192.168.1.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=2.38 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=7.64 ms
— 192.168.1.1 ping statistics —
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 2000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 2.381/5.011/7.642/2.631 ms
上面是通过命令进行的手动配置方法,但是大家都清楚,这些命令配置的结果在服务器重启之后就不能生效了,要想使得所有配置永久生效,我们还是需要通过配置文件进行配置,然后重启网卡设备,让系统帮我们配置,然后重启之后也是生效的。
通过上面的手动配置方法,大家可以清楚得看到一个桥接设备的配置流程,这个在你写到配置文件里面,然后让系统帮你配置的时候是看不到的 😃 ,那么下面我们将所有的配置还原,通过配置文件进行相关自动化配置吧。
还原原始配置
[root@master ~]# route delete default //删除默认网关
[root@master ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.3.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 br0
[root@master ~]# brctl show
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br0 8000.525400a7b756 no eth0
[root@master ~]# brctl delif br0 eth0 //断开/删除br0上的eth0设备
[root@master ~]#ifconfig br0 down //让br0设备停止活动
[root@master ~]#brctl delbr br0 //删除br0
root@master ~]# brctl show //查看br0是否依然存在
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
[root@master ~]# ifconfig eth0 192.168.3.176/24 //重新给eth0分配IP地址
root@master ~]# route add default gw 192.168.3.1 //重新加入默认网关
1234567891011 [root@master ~]# ip addr show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:a7:b7:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.3.176/24 brd 192.168.3.255 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fea7:b756/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
(2) 通过配置文件配置桥接设备
配置文件请自行备份
[root@master ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
TYPE=Ethernet
ONBOOT=yes
BRIDGE=br0
[root@master ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0
DEVICE=br0
TYPE=Bridge
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=192.168.3.176
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.3.1
参数详解:
ifcfg-eth0
Device 指定网卡设备名
TYPE 指定网卡的类型为以太网卡
ONBOOT 指定网卡是否开机启动,切记要设置为yes
BRIDGE 指定桥接设备,此处指定为br0设备
建议:以上变量(非变量值)均为大写。
ifcfg-br0
Device 指定网卡设备名
TYPE 指定网卡的类型为桥接
ONBOOT 指定网卡是否开机启动,切记要设置为yes
BOOTPROTO 指定网卡启动如何获取IP地址,设置静态
IPADDR 设置br0绑定的IP地址
NETMASK 设置子网掩码地址
GATEWAY 设置网关
建议: TYPE变量的变量值按照第一个字母大写,其余字母小写的原则,如Ethernet,Bridge
配置完成之后,重启网络服务
如担心干扰,建议停止NetworkManager 服务,这个服务挺讨厌
[root@master ~]# service NetworkManager stop
[root@master ~]#chkconfig NetworkManager off
[root@master ~]# service network restart
[root@master ~]# ip addr show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:a7:b7:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: br0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/ether 52:54:00:a7:b7:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.3.176/24 brd 192.168.3.255 scope global br0
inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fea7:b756/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
查看桥接设备信息
[root@master ~]# brctl show
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br0 8000.525400a7b756 no eth0
[root@master ~]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.3.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 br0
link-local * 255.255.0.0 U 1004 0 0 br0
default 192.168.3.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 br0
由此,桥接设备br0已经配置成功,当创建虚拟机的时候选择虚拟网卡接口的时候选择br0即可
开始安装虚拟机,此时查看桥接设备br0上面的网卡连接情况:
[root@master ~]# brctl show
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br0 8000.0025903afe42 no eth0
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既有适合小白学习的零基础资料,也有适合3年以上经验的小伙伴深入学习提升的进阶课程,涵盖了95%以上运维知识点,真正体系化!
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