两个原因导致Spring @Autowired注入的组件为空

2401_85377403

于 2024-07-17 06:25:14 发布

阅读量625

点赞数 19

文章标签： spring windows java

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/2401_85377403/article/details/140482965

版权

@Controller

public class Controller {

@GetMapping(“/example”)

public String example() {

MyService my = new MyService();

my.doStuff();

}

@Service

public class MyService() {

@Autowired

MyRepository repo;

public void doStuff() {

repo.findByName( “steve” );

}

当它尝试访问MyRepository自动连接的存储库时，这将在Service中引发NullPointerException，这不是因为Repository的连接有任何问题，而是因为你使用MyService my = new MyService（）手动实例化了MyService。要解决此问题，需要自动注入MyService：

@Controller

public class Controller {

@Autowired

MyService service;

@GetMapping(“/example”)

public String example() {

service.doStuff();

}

@Service

public class MyService() {

@Autowired

MyRepository repo;

public void doStuff() {

repo.findByName( “steve” );

}

@Repository

public interface MyRepository extends CrudRepository<My, Long> {

List findByName( String name );

}

你忘记在某个类使用组件注解或者它的扩展注解

Spring使用组件扫描来查找需要自动注入并放入到IoC容器中的类。基本上，Spring将扫描项目的类路径（或你指定的路径），找到所有@Component注解的类并将其用于自动装配。因此，如果你忘记注解一个类，则该类将不能自动注入，当你尝试使用它时，将得到一个空的实例，从而导致NullPointerException。

@ Service，@ Repository和@Controller都是@Component特殊情景下的子注解，因此要自动注入的任何类都必须使用其中之一进行注释。否则，自动注入将导致实例为空：

public class MyService {

public void doStuff() {

}

这样的是没有问题的：

@Service

public class MyService {

public void doStuff() {

}

本文仅是阅读英文文档练手，原文如下：

原文

====================================================================

Two reasons why your Spring @Autowired component is null

The Spring framework makes heavy use of Inversion of Control (IoC) to let you inject classes without having to worry about their scope, lifetime or cleanup.

A common error people hit is when they autowire a class and when they try to call a method on it find that it is null and they get a NullPointerException. So why didn’t Spring auto-wire your class for you? Here’s two possible reasons:

YOU INSTANTIATED THE A CLASS MANUALLY

Hi, 2005 called and asked for their code back. Yeah, OK, IoC is like the cool kid on the block and if you are using Spring then you need to be using it all the time. Here’s a code snippet of a Controller, Service and Repository that will result in a NullPointerException.

@Controller

public class Controller {

@GetMapping(“/example”)

public String example() {

MyService my = new MyService();

my.doStuff();

}

@Service

public class MyService() {

@Autowired

MyRepository repo;

public void doStuff() {

repo.findByName( “steve” );

}

@Repository

public interface MyRepository extends CrudRepository<My, Long> {

List findByName( String name );

}

This will throw a NullPointerException in the service class when it tries to access the MyRepository auto-wired Repository, not because there is anything wrong with the wiring of the Repository but because you instantiated MyService() manually with MyService my = new MyService(). To fix this auto-wire the Service as well:

@Controller

public class Controller {

@Autowired

MyService service;

@GetMapping(“/example”)

public String example() {

service.doStuff();

}

@Service

public class MyService() {

@Autowired

MyRepository repo;

public void doStuff() {

repo.findByName( “steve” );

}

@Repository

public interface MyRepository extends CrudRepository<My, Long> {

List findByName( String name );

}

YOU FORGOT TO ANNOTATE A CLASS AS A COMPONENT OR ONE OF ITS DESCENDANTS

Spring uses component scanning to find the classes that it needs to auto-wire and insert into classes for IoC. Basically, Spring is going to scan the project’s classpath (or paths you specified), find all of the @Component classes and make them available for auto-wiring. So if you forget to annotate a class it will not be auto-wired and when you try and use it you will get a null and a NullPointerException.

@Service, @Repository and @Controller are all specializations of @Component, so any class you want to auto-wire needs to be annotated with one of them. So auto-wiring this will cause a null: