请不要再说Java中final方法比非final性能更好了-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/2401_85407169/article/details/140196502

public static final String getStringRandomFinal(int length) {

String val = “”;

Random random = new Random();

// 参数length，表示生成几位随机数

for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {

String charOrNum = random.nextInt(2) % 2 == 0 ? “char” : “num”;

// 输出字母还是数字

if (“char”.equalsIgnoreCase(charOrNum)) {

// 输出是大写字母还是小写字母

// int temp = random.nextInt(2) % 2 == 0 ? 65 : 97;

val += (char) (random.nextInt(26) + 97);

} else if (“num”.equalsIgnoreCase(charOrNum)) {

val += String.valueOf(random.nextInt(10));

}

return val;

}

static 非 final

// 生成随机数字和字母,

public static String getStringRandom(int length) {

String val = “”;

Random random = new Random();

// 参数length，表示生成几位随机数

for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {

String charOrNum = random.nextInt(2) % 2 == 0 ? “char” : “num”;

// 输出字母还是数字

if (“char”.equalsIgnoreCase(charOrNum)) {

// 输出是大写字母还是小写字母

// int temp = random.nextInt(2) % 2 == 0 ? 65 : 97;

val += (char) (random.nextInt(26) + 97);

} else if (“num”.equalsIgnoreCase(charOrNum)) {

val += String.valueOf(random.nextInt(10));

}

return val;

}

结果

这里使用了 OpenJDK 的 JMH 基准测试工具来测试的，结果如下:

# JMH 1.4.1 (released 903 days ago, please consider updating!)

VM invoker: /srv/jdk1.8.0_92/jre/bin/java

VM options: <none>

Warmup: 20 iterations, 1 s each

Measurement: 20 iterations, 1 s each

Timeout: 10 min per iteration

Threads: 1 thread, will synchronize iterations

Benchmark mode: Throughput, ops/time

Benchmark: org.agoncal.sample.jmh.Main.benchmark

中间忽略了预热及测试过程，这里只显示结果

Result: 206924.113 ±(99.9%) 7746.446 ops/s [Average]

Statistics: (min, avg, max) = (132107.466, 206924.113, 267265.397), stdev = 32798.937

Confidence interval (99.9%): [199177.667, 214670.559]

JMH 1.4.1 (released 903 days ago, please consider updating!)

VM invoker: /srv/jdk1.8.0_92/jre/bin/java

VM options: <none>

Warmup: 20 iterations, 1 s each

Measurement: 20 iterations, 1 s each

Timeout: 10 min per iteration

Threads: 1 thread, will synchronize iterations

Benchmark mode: Throughput, ops/time

Benchmark: org.agoncal.sample.jmh.Main.benchmarkFinal

中间忽略了预热及测试过程，这里只显示结果

Result: 210111.568 ±(99.9%) 8486.176 ops/s [Average]

Statistics: (min, avg, max) = (133813.368, 210111.568, 267525.228), stdev = 35931.001

Confidence interval (99.9%): [201625.392, 218597.744]

Run complete. Total time: 00:13:54

Benchmark Mode Samples Score Error Units

o.a.s.j.Main.benchmark thrpt 200 206924.113 ± 7746.446 ops/s

o.a.s.j.Main.benchmarkFinal thrpt 200 210111.568 ± 8486.176 ops/s

总结：你说final的性能比非final有没有提升呢？可以说有，但几乎可以忽略不计。如果单纯地追求性能，而将所有的方法修改为 final 的话，我认为这样子是不可取的。而且这性能的差别，远远也没有网上有些人说的提升 50% 这么恐怖（有可能他们使用的是10年前的JVM来测试的吧^_，比如《35+ 个 Java 代码性能优化总结》这篇文章。雷总：不服？咱们来跑个分！）

分析

字节码级别的差别

StringKit.java StringKitFinal.java

它们在字节码上的差别:

[18:52:08] emacsist:target $ diff /tmp/stringkit.log /tmp/stringkit-final.log

1,5c1,5

< Classfile /Users/emacsist/Documents/idea/logging/target/classes/org/agoncal/sample/jmh/StringKit.class

< Last modified 2017-6-15; size 1098 bytes

< MD5 checksum fe1ccdde26107e4037afc54c780f2c95

< Compiled from “StringKit.java”

< public class org.agoncal.sample.jmh.StringKit

> Classfile /Users/emacsist/Documents/idea/logging/target/classes/org/agoncal/sample/jmh/StringKitFinal.class

> Last modified 2017-6-15; size 1118 bytes

> MD5 checksum 410f8bf0eb723b794e4754c6eb8b9829

> Compiled from “StringKitFinal.java”

> public class org.agoncal.sample.jmh.StringKitFinal

24c24

< #15 = Class #52 // org/agoncal/sample/jmh/StringKit

> #15 = Class #52 // org/agoncal/sample/jmh/StringKitFinal

32,33c32,33

< #23 = Utf8 Lorg/agoncal/sample/jmh/StringKit;

< #24 = Utf8 getStringRandom

> #23 = Utf8 Lorg/agoncal/sample/jmh/StringKitFinal;

> #24 = Utf8 getStringRandomFinal

47c47

< #38 = Utf8 StringKit.java

> #38 = Utf8 StringKitFinal.java

61c61

< #52 = Utf8 org/agoncal/sample/jmh/StringKit

> #52 = Utf8 org/agoncal/sample/jmh/StringKitFinal

75c75

< public org.agoncal.sample.jmh.StringKit();

> public org.agoncal.sample.jmh.StringKitFinal();

87c87

< 0 5 0 this Lorg/agoncal/sample/jmh/StringKit;

> 0 5 0 this Lorg/agoncal/sample/jmh/StringKitFinal;

89c89

< public static java.lang.String getStringRandom(int);

> public static final java.lang.String getStringRandomFinal(int);

91c91

< flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_STATIC

> flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_STATIC, ACC_FINAL

187c187

< SourceFile: “StringKit.java”

> SourceFile: “StringKitFinal.java”

可以看到除了方法名和方法修饰符不同之外，其他的没有什么区别了。

在调用者上面的字节码差别

  public void benchmark();

descriptor: ()V

flags: ACC_PUBLIC

Code:

stack=1, locals=1, args_size=1

0: bipush 32

2: invokestatic #2 // Method org/agoncal/sample/jmh/StringKit.getStringRandom:(I)Ljava/lang/String;

5: pop

6: return

LineNumberTable:

line 21: 0

line 22: 6

LocalVariableTable:

Start Length Slot Name Signature

0 7 0 this Lorg/agoncal/sample/jmh/Main;

RuntimeVisibleAnnotations:

0: #26()

public void benchmarkFinal();

descriptor: ()V

flags: ACC_PUBLIC

Code:

stack=1, locals=1, args_size=1

0: bipush 32

2: invokestatic #3 // Method org/agoncal/sample/jmh/StringKitFinal.getStringRandomFinal:(I)Ljava/lang/String;

5: pop

6: return

LineNumberTable:

line 26: 0

line 27: 6

LocalVariableTable:

Start Length Slot Name Signature

0 7 0 this Lorg/agoncal/sample/jmh/Main;

RuntimeVisibleAnnotations:

0: #26()

可以看到，它们在调用者上面的字节码也没有什么区别，只是方法名不一样之外。

对于 JVM 来说，它是只认字节码的，既然字节码除了方法名和修饰符一样，其他都一样，那就可以大概推测它们的性能几乎可以忽略不计了。因为调用 static final 和 static 非 final 的JVM指令是一样。

无 static 修饰

方法体是一样的，只是将它们删除了 static 的修饰。

结果

# JMH version: 1.19

VM version: JDK 1.8.0_92, VM 25.92-b14

VM invoker: /srv/jdk1.8.0_92/jre/bin/java

VM options: <none>

Warmup: 20 iterations, 1 s each

Measurement: 20 iterations, 1 s each

Timeout: 10 min per iteration

Threads: 1 thread, will synchronize iterations

Benchmark mode: Throughput, ops/time

Benchmark: org.agoncal.sample.jmh.Main.benchmark

中间忽略了预热及测试过程，这里只显示结果

Result “org.agoncal.sample.jmh.Main.benchmark”:

201306.770 ±(99.9%) 8184.423 ops/s [Average]

(min, avg, max) = (131889.934, 201306.770, 259928.172), stdev = 34653.361

CI (99.9%): [193122.347, 209491.193] (assumes normal distribution)

JMH version: 1.19

VM version: JDK 1.8.0_92, VM 25.92-b14

VM invoker: /srv/jdk1.8.0_92/jre/bin/java

VM options: <none>

Warmup: 20 iterations, 1 s each

Measurement: 20 iterations, 1 s each

Timeout: 10 min per iteration

Threads: 1 thread, will synchronize iterations

Benchmark mode: Throughput, ops/time

Benchmark: org.agoncal.sample.jmh.Main.benchmarkFinal

中间忽略了预热及测试过程，这里只显示结果

Result “org.agoncal.sample.jmh.Main.benchmarkFinal”:

196871.022 ±(99.9%) 8595.719 ops/s [Average]

(min, avg, max) = (131182.268, 196871.022, 265522.769), stdev = 36394.814

CI (99.9%): [188275.302, 205466.741] (assumes normal distribution)

Run complete. Total time: 00:13:35

Benchmark Mode Cnt Score Error Units

Main.benchmark thrpt 200 201306.770 ± 8184.423 ops/s

Main.benchmarkFinal thrpt 200 196871.022 ± 8595.719 ops/s

分析

字节码级别的差别

[19:20:17] emacsist:target $ diff /tmp/stringkit.log /tmp/stringkit-final.log

1,5c1,5

< Classfile /Users/emacsist/Documents/idea/logging/target/classes/org/agoncal/sample/jmh/StringKit.class

< Last modified 2017-6-15; size 1110 bytes

< MD5 checksum f61144e86f7c17dc5d5f2b2d35fac36d

< Compiled from “StringKit.java”

< public class org.agoncal.sample.jmh.StringKit

> Classfile /Users/emacsist/Documents/idea/logging/target/classes/org/agoncal/sample/jmh/StringKitFinal.class

> Last modified 2017-6-15; size 1130 bytes

> MD5 checksum 15ce17ee17fdb5f4721f0921977b1e69

> Compiled from “StringKitFinal.java”

> public class org.agoncal.sample.jmh.StringKitFinal

24c24

< #15 = Class #52 // org/agoncal/sample/jmh/StringKit

> #15 = Class #52 // org/agoncal/sample/jmh/StringKitFinal

32,33c32,33

< #23 = Utf8 Lorg/agoncal/sample/jmh/StringKit;

< #24 = Utf8 getStringRandom

> #23 = Utf8 Lorg/agoncal/sample/jmh/StringKitFinal;

> #24 = Utf8 getStringRandomFinal

47c47

< #38 = Utf8 StringKit.java

> #38 = Utf8 StringKitFinal.java

61c61

< #52 = Utf8 org/agoncal/sample/jmh/StringKit

> #52 = Utf8 org/agoncal/sample/jmh/StringKitFinal

75c75

< public org.agoncal.sample.jmh.StringKit();

> public org.agoncal.sample.jmh.StringKitFinal();

87c87

< 0 5 0 this Lorg/agoncal/sample/jmh/StringKit;

> 0 5 0 this Lorg/agoncal/sample/jmh/StringKitFinal;

89c89

< public java.lang.String getStringRandom(int);

> public final java.lang.String getStringRandomFinal(int);

91c91

< flags: ACC_PUBLIC

> flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_FINAL

169c169

< 0 125 0 this Lorg/agoncal/sample/jmh/StringKit;

> 0 125 0 this Lorg/agoncal/sample/jmh/StringKitFinal;

188c188

< SourceFile: “StringKit.java”

> SourceFile: “StringKitFinal.java”

可以看到，字节码上除了名字和 final 修饰符差别外，其余的是一样的。

在调用者上面的字节码差别

  public void benchmark();

descriptor: ()V

flags: ACC_PUBLIC

Code:

stack=2, locals=1, args_size=1

0: new #2 // class org/agoncal/sample/jmh/StringKit

3: dup

4: invokespecial #3 // Method org/agoncal/sample/jmh/StringKit.“<init>”😦)V

7: bipush 32

9: invokevirtual #4 // Method org/agoncal/sample/jmh/StringKit.getStringRandom:(I)Ljava/lang/String;

12: pop

13: return

LineNumberTable:

line 21: 0

line 22: 13

LocalVariableTable:

Start Length Slot Name Signature

0 14 0 this Lorg/agoncal/sample/jmh/Main;

RuntimeVisibleAnnotations:

0: #30()

public void benchmarkFinal();

descriptor: ()V

flags: ACC_PUBLIC

Code:

stack=2, locals=1, args_size=1

0: new #5 // class org/agoncal/sample/jmh/StringKitFinal

3: dup

4: invokespecial #6 // Method org/agoncal/sample/jmh/StringKitFinal.“<init>”😦)V

7: bipush 32

9: invokevirtual #7 // Method org/agoncal/sample/jmh/StringKitFinal.getStringRandomFinal:(I)Ljava/lang/String;

12: pop

13: return

LineNumberTable:

line 26: 0

line 27: 13

LocalVariableTable:

Start Length Slot Name Signature

0 14 0 this Lorg/agoncal/sample/jmh/Main;

RuntimeVisibleAnnotations:

0: #30()

最后

终极手撕架构师的学习笔记：分布式+微服务+开源框架+性能优化

virtual #4 // Method org/agoncal/sample/jmh/StringKit.getStringRandom:(I)Ljava/lang/String;

12: pop

13: return

LineNumberTable:

line 21: 0

line 22: 13

LocalVariableTable:

Start Length Slot Name Signature

0 14 0 this Lorg/agoncal/sample/jmh/Main;

RuntimeVisibleAnnotations:

0: #30()

public void benchmarkFinal();

descriptor: ()V

flags: ACC_PUBLIC

Code:

stack=2, locals=1, args_size=1

0: new #5 // class org/agoncal/sample/jmh/StringKitFinal

3: dup

4: invokespecial #6 // Method org/agoncal/sample/jmh/StringKitFinal.“<init>”😦)V

7: bipush 32

9: invokevirtual #7 // Method org/agoncal/sample/jmh/StringKitFinal.getStringRandomFinal:(I)Ljava/lang/String;

12: pop

13: return

LineNumberTable:

line 26: 0

line 27: 13

LocalVariableTable:

Start Length Slot Name Signature

0 14 0 this Lorg/agoncal/sample/jmh/Main;

RuntimeVisibleAnnotations:

0: #30()

最后

终极手撕架构师的学习笔记：分布式+微服务+开源框架+性能优化

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