User user = new User();
Class c1 = user.getClass();
//第二种、知道User类名通过 .class获得Class对象,需要导包
Class c2 = User.class;
Class c3 = null;
try {
/第三种、知道User的完全名(包名.类名) 通过Class.forName(“java_reflex.User”)获得Class对象
c3 = Class.forName(“java_reflex.User”);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(c1==c2);//true
System.out.println(c1==c3);//true
System.out.println(c3==c2);//true
//都为true,这就说明一个类只可能是Class类的一个实例对象,只是方式不同。
静态加载和动态加载
静态加载(需要重新编译):
//获取User的实例对象
User user = new User();
动态加载(不需要重新编译):
//newInstance() 获取User的实例化对象
try {
Class c3 = Class.forName(“java_reflex.User”);
c3.newInstance();
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
举个栗子:
我们手机里的app要更新升级的时候,即使你不更新,也可以正常使用,但是不能使用更新的功能。我们的杀毒软件,需要下载一个功能插件时,不需要卸载掉重新安装完整版,只需要下载插件即可。这里面就用到了反射的知识哦。不需要重新编译,扩展所需功能即可。
代码示意:
假如有个Office,具有word、excel功能。
静态方式:
public interface OfficeAble {
public void print();
}
public class Word implements OfficeAble {
@Override
public void print() {
System.out.println(“word-----start”);
}
}
public class Excel implements OfficeAble {
@Override
public void print() {
System.out.println(“excel-------statrt”);
}
}
Office.java
public class Office {
public static OfficeAble fun(String name) {
OfficeAble officeAble = null;
if(“word”.equals(name)) {
officeAble = new Word();
}
if(“excel”.equals(name)) {
officeAble = new Excel();
}
return officeAble;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Office.fun(“word”).print();
Office.fun(“excel”).print();
}
}
静态的方式必须要保证Word、Excel这两个类必须存在。假如现在Office需要ppt的功能,就要新建一个Ppt类实现OfficeAble并且改写Office业务代码,并且还要重新编译运行。
动态方式:
public class OfficeBetter {
public static OfficeAble fun(String className) {
OfficeAble officeAble=null;
try {
//动态加载类
Class clazz = Class.forName(className);
officeAble = (OfficeAble) clazz.newInstance();
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return officeAble;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
OfficeBetter clazz = new OfficeBetter();
OfficeAble officeAble = clazz.fun(“demo.Ppt”);
officeAble.print();
}
}
动态方式,要ppt功能时只需要实现OfficeAble 即可,不需要改写Office的业务代码,不需要重新编译。
注:在编辑器里不好演示是否重新编译,可通过 javac命令在cmd中测试。
通过反射对构造器、方法、属性的操作:
User.java
package java_reflex;
public class User {
private Integer id;
private String username;
private String password;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public User(Integer id, String username, String password) {
super();
this.id = id;
this.username = username;
this.password = password;
}
public User() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
public User(String username, String password) {
super();
this.username = username;
this.password = password;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return “User [username=” + username + “, password=” + password + “]”;
}
private void hello() {
System.out.println(“hello world”);
}
}
test.java
package java_reflex;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
Class clazzUser = Class.forName(“java_reflex.User”);
Constructor[] constructors = clazzUser.getDeclaredConstructors();
System.out.println(“----------获取所有公有的构造器----------”);
for(Constructor c:constructors) {
System.out.println©;
}
Constructor con = clazzUser.getConstructor(String.class,String.class);
//con.setAccessible(true);
Object obj = con.newInstance(“stefan”,“password”);
System.out.println(“----------实例化----------”);
System.out.println(obj.toString());
Method[] methods = clazzUser.getMethods();
System.out.println(“----------获取所有公有方法----------”);
for(Method m :methods) {
System.out.println(m);
}
System.out.println(“----------获取所有私有方法----------”);
Method[] declaredmethods = clazzUser.getDeclaredMethods();
for(Method m :declaredmethods) {
System.out.println(m);
}
System.out.println(“----------setUsername的调用----------”);
Method setUsername = clazzUser.getMethod(“setUsername”, String.class);
Object obj1 = clazzUser.newInstance();
setUsername.invoke(obj1, “tom”);
System.out.println(obj1.toString());
System.out.println(“----------私有方法hello的调用----------”);
Method hello = clazzUser.getDeclaredMethod(“hello”, null);
hello.setAccessible(true);
hello.invoke(obj1, null);
System.out.println(“----------获得私有私有属性----------”);
Field[] fields = clazzUser.getDeclaredFields();
for(Field f:fields) {
System.out.println(f);
}
System.out.println(“----------username的set和get----------”);
Field username = clazzUser.getDeclaredField(“username”);
username.setAccessible(true);
Object obj2 = clazzUser.newInstance();
username.set(obj2, “xufanyun”);
System.out.println(username.get(obj2));
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
运行结果: