Harmony OS NEXT 多端协同开发与分布式能力篇

Carrier Vessel Nucle

已于 2025-03-27 20:33:09 修改

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文章标签： harmonyos 华为分布式

于 2025-03-10 17:59:25 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/2401_86222148/article/details/146160220

版权

一、概论

在鸿蒙生态中，多端协同是其核心特性之一，通过分布式软总线技术实现跨设备无缝协作。本文将深入探讨设备发现、分布式任务调度和数据同步的实现方式，结合实际案例展示如何构建跨设备应用。

二、分布式基础能力

1. 设备发现与连接

import deviceManager from '@ohos.distributedHardware.deviceManager'

@Entry
@Component
struct DeviceDiscovery {
@State devices: Array<deviceManager.DeviceInfo> = []

build() {
Column() {
Button('搜索设备')
.onClick(this.findDevices)
.margin(20)

List() {
ForEach(this.devices, (device) => {
ListItem() {
Text(device.deviceName).fontSize(16)
}
})
}
}
.onAppear(() => this.init())
}

async init() {
deviceManager.addDeviceChangeListener((devices) => {
this.devices = devices
})
}

async findDevices() {
await deviceManager.startDeviceScan()
}
}

2. 分布式任务调度

import distributedTask from '@ohos.distributedTask'

@Entry
@Component
struct TaskScheduler {
build() {
Column() {
Button('发送任务到平板')
.onClick(() => this.dispatchTask('device_id'))
.margin(20)
}
}

async dispatchTask(deviceId: string) {
const task = {
bundleName: 'com.example.app',
abilityName: 'MainAbility',
deviceId: deviceId
}
await distributedTask.startAbility(task)
}
}

三、跨设备数据同步

1. 分布式数据库

import distributedData from '@ohos.distributedData'

@Entry
@Component
struct DistributedDB {
@State data: string = ''

build() {
Column() {
Button('同步数据')
.onClick(this.syncData)
.margin(20)

Text(this.data).fontSize(16)
}
.onAppear(this.initDB)
}

async initDB() {
const context = distributedData.getContext('user_data')
context.subscribe((data) => {
this.data = data
})
}

async syncData() {
const context = distributedData.getContext('user_data')
await context.put('key', 'value')
}
}

2. 文件跨设备传输

import distributedFile from '@ohos.distributedFile'

@Entry

@Component
struct FileTransfer {
build() {
Column() {
Button('发送文件到手表')
.onClick(() => this.sendFile('device_id'))
.margin(20)
}
}

async sendFile(deviceId: string) {
const result = await distributedFile.copy(
'local_path',
'remote_path',
deviceId
)
console.log('传输结果:', result)
}
}

四、多端协同实战案例

1. 跨设备视频播放

import mediaPlayer from '@ohos.multimedia.mediaPlayer'

@Entry
@Component
struct MultiDevicePlayer {
@State isPlaying: boolean = false

build() {
Column() {
Button(this.isPlaying ? '暂停' : '播放')
.onClick(this.togglePlay)
.margin(20)
}
}

async togglePlay() {
const player = mediaPlayer.create()
await player.setSource('http://example.com/video.mp4')

// 分布式播放
const devices = await deviceManager.getDeviceList()
if (devices.length > 1) {
await distributedTask.startAbility({
deviceId: devices[1].deviceId,
abilityName: 'VideoPlayerAbility',
parameters: { url: 'http://example.com/video.mp4' }
})
}
}
}

2. 多端协同游戏

import distributedKv from '@ohos.distributedKv'

@Entry
@Component
struct MultiplayerGame {
@State score: number = 0

build() {
Column() {
Text(`当前分数：${this.score}`).fontSize(24)

Button('同步分数')
.onClick(this.syncScore)
.margin(20)
}
.onAppear(this.initGame)
}

async initGame() {
const kvStore = await distributedKv.getKvStore('game_data')
kvStore.subscribe((changes) => {
this.score = changes['score']
})
}

async syncScore() {
const kvStore = await distributedKv.getKvStore('game_data')
await kvStore.put('score', this.score + 1)
}
}

五、高级开发技巧

1. 分布式渲染

@Entry
@Component
struct DistributedRender {
build() {
DistributedCanvas() {
Circle({ cx: 100, cy: 100, r: 50 })
.fillColor('#4ECDC4')
}
.deviceId('remote_device_id')

.width(300)

.height(300)

}