Linux centos7 postgresql数据库 yum和编译方式安装总结（全系版本）

yum install -y https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-7-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm

以上这个命令呢，其实没有安装什么太多的东西，就是在/etc/yum.repos.d目录下生成了一个repo文件而已，该repo文件内容如下：

#######################################################
# PGDG Red Hat Enterprise Linux / CentOS repositories #
#######################################################

# PGDG Red Hat Enterprise Linux / CentOS stable common repository for all PostgreSQL versions

[pgdg-common]
name=PostgreSQL common RPMs for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/common/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

# We provide extra package to support some RPMs in the PostgreSQL RPM repo, like
# consul, haproxy, etc.

[pgdg-rhel7-extras]
name=Extra packages to support some RPMs in the PostgreSQL RPM repo RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/common/pgdg-rhel$releasever-extras/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

# PGDG Red Hat Enterprise Linux / CentOS stable repositories:

[pgdg15]
name=PostgreSQL 15 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/15/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

[pgdg14]
name=PostgreSQL 14 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/14/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

[pgdg13]
name=PostgreSQL 13 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/13/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

[pgdg12]
name=PostgreSQL 12 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/12/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

# PGDG RHEL / CentOS Updates Testing common repositories.

[pgdg-common-testing]
name=PostgreSQL common testing RPMs for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/testing/common/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

# PGDG RHEL / CentOS Updates Testing repositories. (These packages should not be used in production)
# Available for 12 and above.

[pgdg15-updates-testing]
name=PostgreSQL 15 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch - Updates testing
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/testing/15/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

[pgdg14-updates-testing]
name=PostgreSQL 14 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch - Updates testing
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/testing/14/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

[pgdg13-updates-testing]
name=PostgreSQL 13 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch - Updates testing
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/testing/13/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

[pgdg12-updates-testing]
name=PostgreSQL 12 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch - Updates testing
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/testing/12/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

# PGDG Red Hat Enterprise Linux / CentOS SRPM testing common repository

[pgdg-source-common]
name=PostgreSQL 12 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch - Source
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/srpms/common/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

# PGDG RHEL / CentOS testing common SRPM repository for all PostgreSQL versions

[pgdg-common-srpm-testing]
name=PostgreSQL common testing SRPMs for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/srpms/testing/common/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

# PGDG Source RPMs (SRPM), and their testing repositories:

[pgdg15-source]
name=PostgreSQL 15 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch - Source
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/srpms/15/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

[pgdg15-source-updates-testing]
name=PostgreSQL 15 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch - Source updates testing
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/srpms/testing/15/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

[pgdg14-source]
name=PostgreSQL 14 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch - Source
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/srpms/14/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

[pgdg14-source-updates-testing]
name=PostgreSQL 14 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch - Source updates testing
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/srpms/testing/14/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

[pgdg13-source]
name=PostgreSQL 13 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch - Source
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/srpms/13/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

[pgdg13-source-updates-testing]
name=PostgreSQL 13 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch - Source updates testing
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/srpms/testing/13/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

[pgdg12-source]
name=PostgreSQL 12 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch - Source
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/srpms/12/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

[pgdg12-source-updates-testing]
name=PostgreSQL 12 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch - Source update testing
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/srpms/testing/12/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

# Debuginfo/debugsource packages for stable repos

[pgdg15-debuginfo]
name=PostgreSQL 15 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch - Debuginfo
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/debug/15/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

[pgdg14-debuginfo]
name=PostgreSQL 14 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch - Debuginfo
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/debug/14/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

[pgdg13-debuginfo]
name=PostgreSQL 13 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch - Debuginfo
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/debug/13/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

[pgdg12-debuginfo]
name=PostgreSQL 12 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch - Debuginfo
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/debug/12/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

# Debuginfo/debugsource packages for testing repos
# Available for 12 and above.

[pgdg15-updates-testing-debuginfo]
name=PostgreSQL 15 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch - Debuginfo
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/testing/debug/15/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

[pgdg14-updates-testing-debuginfo]
name=PostgreSQL 14 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch - Debuginfo
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/testing/debug/14/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

[pgdg13-updates-testing-debuginfo]
name=PostgreSQL 13 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch - Debuginfo
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/testing/debug/13/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

[pgdg12-updates-testing-debuginfo]
name=PostgreSQL 12 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch - Debuginfo
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/testing/debug/12/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

🆗，查看这个repo文件，可以看到postgresql  12-15版本都有了，那么，postgresql数据库所有都安装，比如，lib库，开发库都安装的命令就是：

yum install postgresql12*

但此时会报错，缺少很多个核心依赖，比如llvm5.0-devel，python3-libs：

Error: Package: postgresql12-plpython3-12.18-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 (pgdg12)
           Requires: libpython3.6m.so.1.0()(64bit)
Error: Package: postgresql12-devel-12.18-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 (pgdg12)
           Requires: llvm-toolset-7-clang >= 4.0.1
Error: Package: postgresql12-llvmjit-12.18-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 (pgdg12)
           Requires: libLLVM-5.0.so()(64bit)
Error: Package: postgresql12-llvmjit-12.18-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 (pgdg12)
           Requires: llvm5.0 >= 5.0
Error: Package: postgresql12-devel-12.18-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 (pgdg12)
           Requires: llvm5.0-devel >= 5.0
Error: Package: postgresql12-plpython3-12.18-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 (pgdg12)
           Requires: python3-libs
Error: Package: postgresql12-devel-12.18-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 (pgdg12)
           Requires: perl(IPC::Run)
 You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem
 You could try running: rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest

解决方案为增加阿里云的epel源和centos的scl源：

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
yum install centos-release-scl-rh

**阿里云的epel源和阿里云的基础源就不介绍了，主要是scl源，SCL是Software Collections的缩写，由CentOS 特别兴趣小组所维护。其收录了许多程序的新版本，例如gcc, PHP, git, python等。安装的软件可与旧版共存，包名多以rh-为前缀；它的repo文件 **CentOS-SCLo-scl-rh.repo内容如下：

# CentOS-SCLo-rh.repo
#
# Please see http://wiki.centos.org/SpecialInterestGroup/SCLo for more
# information

[centos-sclo-rh]
name=CentOS-7 - SCLo rh
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/sclo/$basearch/rh/
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org?arch=$basearch&release=7&repo=sclo-rh
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-SIG-SCLo

[centos-sclo-rh-testing]
name=CentOS-7 - SCLo rh Testing
baseurl=http://buildlogs.centos.org/centos/7/sclo/$basearch/rh/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-SIG-SCLo

[centos-sclo-rh-source]
name=CentOS-7 - SCLo rh Sources
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/centos/7/sclo/Source/rh/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-SIG-SCLo

[centos-sclo-rh-debuginfo]
name=CentOS-7 - SCLo rh Debuginfo
baseurl=http://debuginfo.centos.org/centos/7/sclo/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-SIG-SCLo

如果觉得这个源的速度比较慢，可以使用国内的清华源，上述的repo文件内容修改为如下即可：

[centos-sclo-sclo]
name=CentOS-7 - SCLo sclo
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/7/sclo/$basearch/sclo/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-SIG-SCLo

[centos-sclo-rh]
name=CentOS-7 - SCLo rh
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/7/sclo/$basearch/rh/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-SIG-SCLo

🆗，这四个源配置好后就可以非常方便的安装postgresql  12-15的版本了

那么，如果是有网的环境还可以，但如果是离线环境呢？这个也比较简单的，制作离线yum源就可以了

二、

yum 离线源的制作

以上面配置的四个yum源为基础，制作yum离线源，首先，需要创建一个任意名称的目录，存放一会拉取下来的rpm文件

其次，安装yum-utils ，以生成yumdownloader 这个工具，然后进入上面创建的目录 ，拉取rpm文件

最后，就是安装createrepo 这个工具，生成仓库信息

以上步骤都完成后，打包上述目录就可以扔到离线环境使用了，本文就以postgresql-12的离线yum安装包制作为例

安装离线yum源的rpm包下载工具

 yum install yum-utils -y

开始下载rpm包，等待下载完毕：

    mkdir postgresql-12-offline
    cd postgresql-12-offline
    yumdownloader postgresql12* pgbackrest --resolve

开始制作离线仓库：

  yum install createrepo -y
  cd postgresql-12-offline/
  yumdownloader createrepo --resolve
  yumdownloader deltarpm-3.6-3.el7.x86_64 python-deltarpm-3.6-3.el7.x86_64 deltarpm-3.6-3.el7.x86_64 python-deltarpm-3.6-3.el7.x86_64 --resolve
  createrepo postgresql-12-offline/
cd ..
tar cvjf postgresql-12-offline.tar.gz postgresql-12-offline

制作完毕后，tar包保存后，在其它服务器上挂载这个仓库就可以离线安装postgresql12和pgbackrest了，挂载示例如下：

1、

上述的离线包上传到服务器上，然后解压，解压后的目录移动到/opt目录下

[root@centos7 ~]# tar xf postgresql-12-offline.tar.gz 
[root@centos7 ~]# du -sh postgresql-12-offline
292M	postgresql-12-offline
[root@centos7 ~]# mv postgresql-12-offline /opt/

2、

保留本地yum源，在本地yum内编辑如下内容：

[local]
nmae=local
baseurl=file:///mnt/
enable=1
gpgcheck=0
[pgoffline]
name=pgoffline
baseurl=file:///opt/postgresql-12-offline
enable=1
gpgcheck=0

3、

安装postgresql-12

[root@centos7 ~]# yum install postgresql12-server postgresql12-lib postgresql12-devel postgresql12-contrib postgresql12-tcl postgresql12-odbc-y

4、

安装pgbackrest

[root@centos7 ~]# yum install pgbackrest -y

以上就是离线安装postgresql12的过程，其它版本的postgresql基本是一样的，yumdownload 后面的版本改一下就可以了

下面说一说数据库初始化以及简单的配置问题

三、

postgresql12-server的初始化和简单配置

1、

创建postgresql的数据存储目录

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1、什么是运维?

2、在工作中，运维人员经常需要跟运营人员打交道，请问运营人员是做什么工作的?

3、现在给你三百台服务器，你怎么对他们进行管理?

4、简述raid0 raid1raid5二种工作模式的工作原理及特点

5、LVS、Nginx、HAproxy有什么区别?工作中你怎么选择?

6、Squid、Varinsh和Nginx有什么区别，工作中你怎么选择?

7、Tomcat和Resin有什么区别，工作中你怎么选择?

8、什么是中间件?什么是jdk?

9、讲述一下Tomcat8005、8009、8080三个端口的含义？

10、什么叫CDN?

11、什么叫网站灰度发布?

12、简述DNS进行域名解析的过程?

13、RabbitMQ是什么东西?

14、讲一下Keepalived的工作原理?

15、讲述一下LVS三种模式的工作过程?

16、mysql的innodb如何定位锁问题，mysql如何减少主从复制延迟?

17、如何重置mysql root密码?
加入社区》https://bbs.csdn.net/forums/4304bb5a486d4c3ab8389e65ecb71ac0