Cypher中--
表示无方向性的关系,<--,-->
表示指向性的关系,[....]
表示对关系的说明,可以是变量、属性等。
–>
-[role]->
-[:ACTED_IN]->
-[role:ACTED_IN]->
-[role:ACTED_IN {roles: [“Neo”]}]->
ACTED_IN是关系的标签,指明关系的类型。role是关系变量,可以在别处使用。roles是属性值,和节点的属性一样。
Pattern语法
(keanu:Person:Actor {name: “Keanu Reeves”} )-[role:ACTED_IN {roles: [“Neo”] } ]->(matrix:Movie {title: “The Matrix”} )
Pattern指明在图中符合给定pattern的节点以及连接的关系。 Pattern还可以被声明为一个变量:
acted_in = (:Person)-[:ACTED_IN]->(:Movie)
Cypher示例
打开命令行执行:
sudo bin/neo4j console
打开浏览器打开:
http://localhost:7474/browser/
添加:
CREATE (:Movie { title:“The Matrix”,released:1997 })
执行完毕可以看到:
![]({{ “/imgs/20171023-220055.png” | absolute_url }})
如果创建之后需要返回值:
CREATE (p:Person { name:“Keanu Reeves”, born:1964 })
RETURN p
执行完毕可以看到:
![]({{ “/imgs/20171023-220504.png” | absolute_url }})
更为复杂的一个例子:
CREATE (a:Person { name:“Tom Hanks”,
born:1956 })-[r:ACTED_IN { roles: [“Forrest”]}]->(m:Movie { title:“Forrest Gump”,released:1994 })
CREATE (d:Person { name:“Robert Zemeckis”, born:1951 })-[:DIRECTED]->(m)
RETURN a,d,r,m
![]({{ “/imgs/20171023-220635.png” | absolute_url }})
查找
比方说查找所有的Movie:
MATCH (m:Movie)
RETURN m
![]({{ “/imgs/20171023-220857.png” | absolute_url }})
也可以找某个具体的人:
MATCH (p:Person { name:“Keanu Reeves” })
RETURN p
![]({{ “/imgs/20171023-220952.png” | absolute_url }})
还可以查找某个关系:
MATCH (p:Person { name:“Tom Hanks” })-[r:ACTED_IN]->(m:Movie)
RETURN m, r
![]({{ “/imgs/20171023-221230.png” | absolute_url }})
创建新的pattern
MATCH (p:Person { name:“Tom Hanks” })
CREATE (m:Movie { title:“Cloud Atlas”,released:2012 })
CREATE §-[r:ACTED_IN { roles: [‘Zachry’]}]->(m)
RETURN p,r,m
![]({{ “/imgs/20171023-222709.png” | absolute_url }})
MERGE
Merge表示为节点或者关系添加新的pattern或属性。
添加新的属性:
MERGE (m:Movie { title:“Cloud Atlas” })
ON CREATE SET m.released = 2012
RETURN m
![]({{ “/imgs/20171023-223231.png” | absolute_url }})
添加新的关系:
MATCH (m:Movie { title:“Cloud Atlas” })
MATCH (p:Person { name:“Tom Hanks” })
MERGE §-[r:ACTED_IN]->(m)
ON CREATE SET r.roles =[‘Zachry’]
RETURN p,r,m
![]({{ “/imgs/20171023-223419.png” | absolute_url }})
添加新的节点和关系:
CREATE (y:Year { year:2014 })
MERGE (y)<-[:IN_YEAR]-(m10:Month { month:10 })
MERGE (y)<-[:IN_YEAR]-(m11:Month { month:11 })
RETURN y,m10,m11
![]({{ “/imgs/20171023-223757.png” | absolute_url }})
条件选择
#1 WHERE
MATCH (m:Movie)
WHERE m.title = “The Matrix”
RETURN m
#2 WHERE
MATCH (p:Person)-[r:ACTED_IN]->(m:Movie)
WHERE p.name =~ “K.+” OR m.released > 2000 OR “Neo” IN r.roles
RETURN p,r,m
#3 NOT
MATCH (p:Person)-[:ACTED_IN]->(m)
WHERE NOT §-[:DIRECTED]->()
RETURN p,m
#4 ALIAS
MATCH (p:Person)
RETURN p, p.name AS name, toUpper(p.name), coalesce(p.nickname,“n/a”) AS nickname, { name: p.name,
label:head(labels§)} AS person
#5 COUNT
MATCH (:Person)
RETURN count(*) AS people
OR
RETURN count(DISTINCT role)
MATCH (actor:Person)-[:ACTED_IN]->(movie:Movie)<-[:DIRECTED]-(director:Person)
RETURN actor,director,count(*) AS collaborations
#6 ORDER
MATCH (a:Person)-[:ACTED_IN]->(m:Movie)
RETURN a,count(*) AS appearances
ORDER BY appearances DESC LIMIT 10;
#7 COLLECT
MATCH (m:Movie)<-[:ACTED_IN]-(a:Person)