c++第七天--特殊运算符的重载练习

1.定义复数类Complex，使得复数能够像实数一样用cin/cout输入和输出。(只能使用友元函数)

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class Complex{
private:
    double real;
    double imag;
public:
    Complex(double real = 0,double imag = 0) : real(real),imag(imag) {}

    //友元函数重载输出运算符 << 
    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out,const Complex&c){
        out << c.real;
        if(c.imag >= 0)
            out << " + " << c.imag << "i";
        else
            out << c.imag << "i";
    }
    //友元函数重载输入运算符 >>
    friend istream& operator>>(istream& in,Complex& c){
        cout << "请输入实部与虚部: ";
        in >> c.real >> c.imag;
        return in;
    }
};

int main()
{
    Complex c1;
    cin >> c1; //输入
    cout << "你输入的复数是：" << c1 << endl;
    return 0;
}

2.定义一个 MyString 类，包含一个字符指针 char* str 和一个整数 length，用于存储字符串和字符串的长度。确保在赋值过程中不会出现运行时错误。（重载=运算符）

//现在这个例子就是赋值运算符 （=）
//例子：定义一个Person类，包含char*类型的name和int age。
//在主函数中，定义两个Person对象p1和p2，把p1赋值给p2，输出两个对象的信息。
//现在这个方式就是运用赋值运算符
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

class Person
{
public:
//定义Person类
    Person(const char* name,int age) : age(age){
        int len = strlen(name);
        this -> name = new char[len+1];
        strcpy(this->name,name);
    }
//对其进行初始化
    Person() : name(0),age(0) {}
//释放内存,如果有名字的话，就对其进行去除
    ~Person() {if(name) delete[] name;}
//友元函数
    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out,const Person& p)
    {
        out << "name:" << p.name << "age:" << p.age << endl;
        return out;
    }
//赋值运算符
    Person& operator=(const Person& other){
        if(this != &other){
        if(name) delete[] name;
        int len = strlen(other.name);
        name = new char[len + 1];
        strcpy(name,other.name);
        age = other.age;
        }
        return *this;
    }
//拷贝构造函数
Person(const Person& other) :age(other.age){
    int len = strlen(other.name);
    name = new char[len + 1];
    strcpy(name,other.name);
}
private:
    char* name;
    int age;
};

int main()
{
    Person p1("TOm",20);
    Person p2;
    p2 = p1; //赋值运算符重载
    Person p3 = p1; 
    cout << p1 << endl;
    cout << p2 << endl;
    cout << p3 << endl;
    return 0;
}

1. 定义一个 Time 类，用于表示时间，包含小时、分钟和秒。实现前置和后置自增 / 自减运算符重载，使得可以对时间对象进行自增 / 自减操作（秒数加 1 或减 1）。

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Time {
private:
    int hour, minute, second;
    void normalize() {
        if (second >= 60) {
            minute += second / 60;
            second %= 60;
        } else if (second < 0) {
            int borrow = (abs(second) + 59) / 60;
            minute -= borrow;
            second += borrow * 60;
        }
        if (minute >= 60) {
            hour += minute / 60;
            minute %= 60;
        } else if (minute < 0) {
            int borrow = (abs(minute) + 59) / 60;
            hour -= borrow;
            minute += borrow * 60;
        }
        if (hour < 0) hour = 0;
    }
public:
    Time(int h = 0, int m = 0, int s = 0) : hour(h), minute(m), second(s) {}
    // 前置自增
    Time& operator++() {
        ++second;
        normalize();
        return *this;
    }
    // 后置自增
    Time operator++(int) {
        Time temp = *this;
        ++second;
        normalize();
        return temp;
    }
    // 前置自减
    Time& operator--() {
        --second;
        normalize();
        return *this;
    }
    // 后置自减
    Time operator--(int) {
        Time temp = *this;
        --second;
        normalize();
        return temp;
    }
    void display() const {
        cout << hour << ":" << minute << ":" << second << endl;
    }
};

int main() {
    Time t(1, 59, 59);
    ++t;
    t.display(); // 2:0:0
    t++;
    t.display(); // 2:0:1
    --t;
    t.display(); // 2:0:0
    t--;
    t.display(); // 1:59:59
    return 0;
}