小升初语法讲义---代词（知识点+练习+答案解析）-CSDN博客

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小升初语法讲义—代词

知识点梳理

代词的分类及用法

教学重点

代词的类别以及用法

教学难点

代词的运用

代词的分类：英语中代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词等等。

一、人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称, 分为主格和宾格两种形式。

人称	我	你	他	她	它	我们	你们	他（它）们
主格	I	you	he	she	it	we	you	they
宾格	me	you	him	her	it	us	you	them

主格用来作句子的主语、表语。

I often go shopping on Sundays. (星期天我常去购物)

Are they from Brazil?(他们是巴西人吗？)

That’s it. (就那么回事)

宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。

Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语？)

Help me!(救救我！)

人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时, 可以用主格形式, 也可以用宾格形式, 口语中大多用宾格。

–Who is it?(是谁？)

–It’s I/me. (是我。)

三个不同人称同时出现, 或者主语中包含“我”时, 按照“you→he→I”的顺序表达。

Both he and I are working at that computer company. (我和他都在那家电脑公司上班)

–Who will go there?(谁要去那儿？)

–You and me. (你和我)

人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外, 还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义, 此外还可以作“非人称代词”使用, 替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。如：

–What’s the weather like today?(今天天气怎样？)—It’s fine. (天气晴好)

–What’s the time?(几点啦？) –It’s 12：00. (12点)

It took him three days to clean his house. (打扫屋子花了他三天的时间)

We found it very difficult to learn a foreign language well. (我们发觉要学好一门外语是非常困难的)

【典例精析】

_____ feels happy every day.

A. He B. him C. his

【答案】A

【解析】此题选择人称代词he, 此处缺的是主语，所以选择he。

【典例精析】

We often write letters to_____.

A. she B .her

【答案】B

【解析】此处应该选择宾格，所以选择her.

随堂小练习1

用人称代词填空

__________ is my aunt. We often visit __________. ( she )
These new houses are so nice. __________ are very expensive. ( them )
Ling Ling is a girl. ____ studies in a primary school. ( she )

二、物主代词：说明事物所属关系的代词, 分为形容词性和名词性两种。

人称	我的	你的	他的	她的	它的	我们的	你们的	他们的
形容词性	my	your	his	her	its	our	your	their
名词性	mine	yours	his	hers	its	ours	yours	theirs

1、形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语，不能单独使用, 后面要跟名词。

Is that your umbrella?(那是你的伞吗？)

I often go to see my aunt on Sundays. (我经常在星期天去看望阿姨)

They are their books. (是他们的书)

2、名词性物主代词相当于名词, 既代替事物又表明所属关系, 在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语, 后面不可以跟名词。相当于形容词性物主代词加名词。

This is your cup, but where is mine?(这是你的杯子, 可我的在哪儿？)

Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small. (你们的教室很大, 我们的相当小)

3、“of + 名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格, 作定语时放在名词的后面。如：

A friend of mine came to see me yesterday. (我的一个朋友昨天来看我了) (指若干朋友中有一个来看我。)

[试比较] My friend came to see me yesterday. (我的朋友昨天来看我了)(指

我的那个特定的朋友来看我。

【典例精析】

This isn’t pencil case. I left at home.

A. my, mine B. me, my C. I, my D. my, myself

【答案】A

【解析】根据句意可知这不是我的笔，我落下了我的在家，所以第一空选择形容词性物主代词my，后一空选择名词性物主代词mine。

随堂小练习2

用形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词填空

George has lost ____ ( his ) pen. Ask Mary if（是否）she will lend him ____ . ( she )
The teacher wants you to return that book of ____ ( he )
Mr. and Mrs. Green and a friend of ____ are coming to see us. ( they )
We are going to Paris to stay with a French friend of ____ .(we )

三、反身代词：表示谓语的动作与主语有关或者宾语补足语的动作与宾语有关。

人称和数	单数	复数
第一人称	myself 我自己	ourselves 我们自己
第二人称	yourself 你自己	yourselves 你们自己
第三人称	himself 他自己herself 她自己itself 它自己	themselves (它们自己，他们自己，她们自己)

1. 反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反射(指一个动作回到该动作执行者本身)，指的是宾语和主语为同一个事物或同一些人或事物。
1. Don’t play with the knife, you might hurt yourself. (不要玩刀子, 那会割伤你的)
1. 在句子中作同位语表示强调(即用来强调名词或代词的语气)。如：

The story itself is good. Only he didn’t tell it well. (故事本身是好的, 只是他没有讲好)

【典例精析】

Maria bought ____ a scarf.

A. she B .her C. hers D. herself

【答案】D

【解析】此题反身代词做宾语，指的是宾语和主语为同一个事物或同一些人或事物。

随堂小练习3

Those girls enjoyed ____ in the party last night.

A. them B. they C. themselves D. herself

Help ____ to some fish, children.

A. yourself B. your C. yours D. yourselves

The film ____ is very fun.

A. it’s B. itself C. it D. its

–Who teaches ____ math? –I teach ______.

A. your, myself B. you, myself C. you, me D. you, herself

四、指示代词：指示说明近处或者远处、上文或者下文、以前或者现在的人或事物。

单数	复数	含义
this(这个)	these(这些)	指较近的人和物
that(那个)	those(那些)	指较远的人和物
same (同样的人/物)	指和上文提过的相同的人和物
it (这人/这物)	指不太清楚是谁或者是什么时

指示代词既可以单独使用做句子的主语、宾语或表语, 也可以作定语修饰名词。如：

What’s this?(这是什么？)
That model plane is made of plastic. (那只模型飞机是塑料做的)(被动句)
Do the same as the teacher tells you. (按老师说的做)
—Who is it?(是谁？) —It’s me!(是我！)

【典例精析】

What is ____in English?

It’s a pen.

A. this B. these C. those D. same

【答案】A

【解析】根据问句is和答句it’s 可知为所填的选项为单数，所以应该选择A，句意为用英语说这是什么，这是一支笔。

随堂小练习4

( )1. ______ pen is red. ______ pencil is green.

A. this, that B. These, Those C. That, Those D. This, That

( )2. Is _____ a panda over there?

A. this B. that C. those D. these

( )3. _______ two girls are Mary and Linda.

A. This B. They C.That D.Those

( )4. _______is Mr. White and _____ is my father.

A. This, those B. That, these C.These, these D.This, this

五、不定代词：代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词。

不定代词主要有some, any, many, much, each, other, another, all, both, one, (a) few, (a) little

可数	one, each, many, both, another, (a) few
不可数	much, (a) little
可数/不可数	one, any, other, all, some

all：指三者或三者以上的所有，可以作形容词修饰名词复数，后可接of介词短语。
both：指“两者都”，可以作形容词修饰名词复数；后可接of介词短语。
each：“每一个”，一般指两者中的每一个，也可指许多中的每一个；可以作形容词修饰名词单数；后可接of介词短语。

(1)some和 any 的用法：

some一般用于肯定句中, 意思是“几个”、“一些”、“某个”作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词

I have some work to do today. (今天我有些事情要做)

They will go there someday. (他们有朝一日会去那儿)

some 用于疑问句时, 表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。

Would you like some coffee with sugar?(你要加糖的咖啡吗？)

any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中, 意思是“任何一些”、“任何一个”, 作定语时可修饰可数或不可数名词。

They didn’t have any friends here. (他们在这里没有朋友)

Have you got any questions to ask?(你有问题要问吗？)

any 用于肯定句时, 意思是“任何的”。Come here with any friend. (随便带什么朋友来吧。)

(2)all和both的用法：

all指三者或三者以上的人或物, 用来代替或修饰可数名词；也可用来代替或修饰不可数名词。
both指两个人或物, 用来代替或修饰可数名词。all和both在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。

I know all of the four British students in their school. (他们学校里四个英国学生我全认识) – (你要这个还是那个？两个都要。)

all和both既可以修饰名词(all/both+(the)+名词), 也可以独立使用, 采用“all/both + of the +名词(复数)”的形式, 其中的of 可以省略。

All (of) (the) boys are naughty. (是男孩都调皮)

(3)every和each用法：

every是形容词, 只能作定语修饰单数名词, 意思是“每一个”, 表示整体概念；
each是形容词、代词, 可用作主语、宾语、定语等, 意思是“每个”或者“各个”, 表示单个概念；each可以放在名词前, 可以后跟of短语, 与动词同时出现时要放在“be动词、助动词、情态动词”之后或者行为动词之前
every和each都用作单数理解, 但是下文中既可以用单数的代词(如he/him/his)也可以用复数的代词(如they/them/their)替代。

Every one of the students in his class studies very hard. (他班上每个学生学习都很用功)

(4)many和much的用法：

many意思是“很多”, 与可数名词复数连用；much意思是“很多”, 与不可数名词连用。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语等。

I don’t have many friends here. (在这里我没有很多的朋友。)

Many died in the bus accident. (许多人在公交车祸中丧失)

We can learn much with the help of him. (在他的帮助之下我们能学到很多)

many和much一般用于否定句, 肯定句中通常用a lot of 或者lots of; many / much用于肯定句时可以在前面加上so、very或too. 如：

There are a lot of people on the playground. (操场上有许多的人)

There are too many people in the room. (房间里人太多了。)

(5)few、little、a few、a little的用法：

few、little意思是“很少几个”、“几乎没有”, 有否定的意思, a few、a little意思是“有几个”、“有些”, 有肯定的意思；few、a few与可数名词连用或代替可数的事物, little、a little与不可数名词连用或代替不可数的事物。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。如：

Don’t worry. There is still a little time left. (别着急, 还有一点儿时间呢。)

In that polar region there live few people. (在那个极地地区几乎不住人)

You can get a few sweets from him. (你可以从他那儿弄到一些糖果)

【典例精析】

The English novel is quite easy for you. There are ____ new words in
it.

A. a little B. little C. a few D. few

【答案】D

【解析】little, a little修饰或代替不可数名词；few, a few修饰或代替可数名词复数。few, little
一般表示否定意义；a few, a little表示肯定意义。应选D。

【典例精析】

When shall we meet again?

Make it ____ day you like. It’s all the same to me.

A. one B. any C. another D. all

【答案】B

【解析】根据句意。Any 表示任何一个，根据句意可知任何一天都是可以见面的，所以选择B。

随堂小练习5

There isn’t_____ juice in my class. Can I have _____, please?

some;any B. any; many C. any; some

Do you have ______brothers ______sisters?

any; or B. some; and C. some; or

He is very poor and he has ______money.

A．little B. a little C. few

翻译句子

大家都到了，让我们开始吧。 _________________________________________.

你要这个还是那个？两个都要。_________________________________________.

他们很忙, 人人都有事情要做。 _________________________________________.

许多的人认为时间就是金钱。 _________________________________________.

六、疑问代词：用来提出问题的代词称为疑问代词。

1、who、whom、whose、what、which主要用于特殊疑问句中, 一般放在句首。口语中也常用who代替whom作宾语, 但在介词后则只能用whom。

Who(m) did you invite to your birthday party?(你都邀请了谁参加你的生日聚会的？)

What does she want to be when she grows up?(她长大了想干什么？)

who 和whom只能独立使用, 其中who可以作句子的主语、表语或动词的宾语, whom只能作谓语动词的宾语；而what、which、whose等既可以独立使用作主语、表语和宾语, 也可以与名词构成疑问短语。

Who is that man?(那男的是谁？)

What color are their hats?(他们的帽子是什么颜色？)

Which car was made in Germany?(哪辆车是德国造的？)(被动句)

注意这个提问：The man in the car is my father. (车里的男人是我父亲)

→Which man is your father?(哪个男人是你的父亲？)

which除了可以询问指代的情况之外, 还可以针对说明人物的时间、地点、岁数、颜色、大小、状况等进行提问。

–Which people live a sad life? (哪些人生活凄惨？)

–Which hotel have you booked for your holiday?(为了度假你预订了哪家旅馆？)

疑问代词不分单复数, 视它所替代的人或事物决定单复数, 但是通常用单数；如果修饰名词, 则以名词的单复数为准。

Who is (are) in that playhouse?(谁在游戏房里？)

What is that? (那是什么？)/ What are those? (那些是什么？)

【典例精析】

______ colors do they have?(它们有哪些颜色？)

A. what B. who C. which

【答案】A。

【解析】根据句意应该是他们有什么颜色，所以选择A。

随堂小练习6

_______ is standing there?

—Mr. Zhang.

A. What B. Whom C. Who

_______would you like to go shopping(购物) with?

A. Which B. Whom C. What D. Where

—_______is your e-mail address?

–It’s xinxin@163. com.

A. Who B. How C. What D. Which

A:— _______does your brother do? B: —He is a bus driver.

A. Where B. Why C. What D. How

–A：—_______ can I do for you? B:—I would like a cup of tea.

A. What B. How C. Which D.Who

随堂小练习参考答案

She her they She
his hers his theirs ours
C D B B
D B D D
C A A
Everyone is here. Let’ begin.
Would you like this one or that one? –Both. .
They are very busy. Each of them has something to do.
A lot of people think that time is money.
C B C C A

专题过关

一、用适当的人称代词和物主代词填空

________(我) am a teacher.
My father is talking with _______(她).
_______(他) often plays basketball after school.
_____(我们) buy a pair of shoes for (他)
Please pass_____(我们) the ball.

二、用括号中的适当形式填空

Are these ________（you）pencils? Yes, they are ________（our）.
—Whose is this pencil? —It’s ________（I）.
I love ________（they）very much.
She is________（I）classmate.
Miss Li often looks after________（she）brother.
—Are these ________（they）bags ？ —No, the bags aren’t ________（their）.
The bags are ________（we）.

三、用适当的代词填空。

—Is that car yours? —Yes, __________is.
—How is Mr. Li? —__________is fine, thanks.
—Put on___________ hat, Jim! —OK, mum. I am going to put _________ on.
—Who is _________ over here? —It’s our new teacher.
—Are these your photos? —No, _________ aren’t. _________are Mike’s.
—Look here! What’s _in English? — is an eraser.
Look, is _________ room beautiful? I painted __________ myself.
—Is this your backpack? —No, _________ isn’t. __________ is hers.
—What are _____________ jobs? —They are doctors.
—Are ___________ children over there your cousins? —Yes, _________ are.

四、阅读理解

Lance Armstrong，a world-famous cyclist，was already a professional athlete at the age of 16，taking part in courses of long distance swims，bike rides and runs.

In his high school years，Lance decided to train cycling. Within a few years he was a member of the 1992 U. S. Olympic Team. Over the next years，he went on to win many cycling races worldwide.

In October 1996，shortly after competing(参加比赛) in his second Olympic Games, Lance was faced with the worst news. Medical tests showed that he had a cancer. Doctors told him that he only had a 40% chance to live. With two operations，Lance was not sure that he would ever ride a bicycle again. Luckily，the operations and treatments were greatly successful. In February 1997，the doctors announced(宣布) that Lance was a healthy man again.

Just five months after the treatments，Armstrong was back doing what he loved—cycling. He began a strict training timetable with hopes of a comeback. His goal was to compete in the 1999 Tour de France，which is thought to be the world’s hardest bicycle race—a 23day cycling competition through the mountains and fields of France.

Lance went on to win the Tour de France for five years. This is thought to be the greatest achievements in sports history. His success is not just about cycling races，but winning at life itself.

(　　)1. Lance is a ________ according to the passage.

A．teacher B．doctor C．coach D．sportsman

(　　)2. The right order of the following is ________．

①Lance became healthy again after treatments.

②Lance competed in his second Olympic Games.

③Lance began a strict training timetable for Tour de France.

④Lance became a member of the 1992 U. S. Olympic Team.

A．④①②③ B．②③①④

C．④②①③ D．②①③④

(　　)3. From the passage，we know that Lance is a(n) ________ man.

A．helpful B．strong C．honest D．friendly

(　　)4. What can we learn from the passage?

A．Never give up.

B．Seeing is believing.

C．Love me，love my dog.

D．Practice makes perfect.

五、词汇运用

A. 根据内容和括号内所给汉语意思，写出空白处各单词的正确形式（每空一词）。

Treasure Island is a famous story. The1(英雄), Jim Hawkins, finds Captain Flint’s map. Captain Flint was a pirate and had lots of gold. He2(隐藏)his gold before he died, and there is a cross on the map to show where the gold is. It is on an island in the Caribbean Sea. Jim and his friends buy a ship, get some men and go to the island to look for the gold.

They set3(航行)but then they discover that Long John Silver, the cook, and the other men on the ship are all pirates. The pirates are4(计划)to kill them. As soon as they get to the island, Jim and his friends fight the pirates. The pirates do not kill them, but take the map.

The pirates go to look for the gold, and Jim follows them. They find the place but the gold is not there. 5(后来)，Jim knows it is because of Ben Gunn. Jim meets Ben Gunn on the island and he tells Jim and his friends his story. He tells them he was a pirate, a friend of Captain Flint. He has now decided not to be a pirate. Ben Gunn found the gold some time before. He agrees to6(分享)with Jim and his friends because they will take him back to England.

When Jim and his friends leave the island, Ben goes with them. All of the pirates have to stay on the island 7(除…之外)Long John Silver. 8(虽然)he is also a pirate, he helps Jim and his friends. On their way home, they stop in America for a9(整个)night. Silver has 10(不见了), and he has taken some of the gold. When they get back to England, Jim decides never to go looking for gold again.

六、完形填空

阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Recently, a reader asked me about the dangers that pets can face around the house. So, I visited my local animal 1 last weekend and got some advice to share about how we can make our homes 2 for our pets.

When I arrived, several pets and their 3 were in the waiting room. Mr. Smith, with a cat, chatted with me. “My cat will be 4 for an uncomfortable stomach in a minute, ” he said. “My children gave 5 a bowl of milk. However, if she is given milk, she will get a stomachache. ”

Just then, the vet (兽医) walked over to us. “Yes, Mr. Smith is 6. Only a few people know this. In fact, milk mustn’t be fed to cats 7 some cats can’t take it in easily, ” the vet said. “Other human foods are bad for pets 8. For example, if a dog eats chocolate, it will become 9. ”

I asked the vet what other 10 there are for pets around the house. “Well, ” she replied, “we should not 11 small things, such as batteries（电池）, lying around as they can be eaten by pets. Last month, a small cat was brought 12 because it had eaten a button（纽扣）which was on the floor without being noticed!”

Before I left, the vet 13 me some more important advice to share with you:

You should keep all medicine and cleaning product away from pets. Also, pets, such as cats and dogs, sometimes will 14 their hair if they are unwell. If your pet looks unwell or is acting unusual, you should 15 your vet at once. Follow the advice and you can keep your pets safe.