JAVA常见面试题（三）

1.JAVA中Comprarable和Comparator接口的区别

Comprarable	Comparator
这个接口提供单一的排序规则	这个接口提供多种排序规则
我们需要修改原类（即原类需要继承这个接口）	原类不需要修改（需要继承这个接口）
我们需要重写compareTo()方法来对元素进行排序	我们需要重写compare()方法来对元素进行排序
通常用来实现类内部的自然排序规则	通常用于外部定制化的排序规则
他需要被需要排序的类给继承	他需要被一个单独的类给实现继承

Comparable接口的使用例子：

// Java program to demonstrate 
// the use of Comparable for sorting
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;

// Movie class implements Comparable 
// interface to define default sorting
class Movie implements Comparable<Movie> {
    private String n; // Movie Name
    private double r; // Movie Rating
    private int y; // Release year of the movie

    // Constructor 
    public Movie(String n, double r, int y) {
        this.n = n;
        this.r = r;
        this.y = y;
    }

    // Implementation of the compareTo method 
    // for default sorting by year
    public int compareTo(Movie m) {
      
        // Sort movies in ascending 
        // order of year
        return this.y - m.y; 
    }

    // Getter and Setter method 
    public String getName() {
        return n;
    }

    public double getRating() {
        return r;
    }

    public int getYear() {
        return y;
    }
}

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
      
        // Create a list of movies
        ArrayList<Movie> l = new ArrayList<>();
        l.add(new Movie("Star Wars", 8.7, 1977));
        l.add(new Movie("Empire Strikes Back", 8.8, 1980));
        l.add(new Movie("Return of the Jedi", 8.4, 1983));

        // Sort movies using Comparable's 
        // compareTo method by year
        Collections.sort(l);

        // Display the sorted list of movies
        System.out.println("Movies after sorting by year:");
        for (Movie m : l) {
          
            System.out.println(m.getName() + " " + m.getRating() + " " + m.getYear());
        }
    }
}

output:

Comparator例子：

// Java program to demonstrate Comparator interface
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;

class Movie {
    private String n; // Movie name
    private double r; // Movie rating
    private int y;    // Movie year

    // Constructor to initialize movie details
    public Movie(String n, double r, int y) {
        this.n = n;
        this.r = r;
        this.y = y;
    }

    // Getter methods 
    public String getN() { 
      return n; 
    } 
    public double getR() { 
      return r; 
    } 
    public int getY() { 
      return y; 
    }    
}

// Comparator to sort movies by rating
class Rating implements Comparator<Movie> {
    public int compare(Movie m1, Movie m2) {
      
        // Sort by rating in descending order
        return Double.compare(m2.getR(), m1.getR());
    }
}

// Comparator to sort movies by name
class NameCompare implements Comparator<Movie> {
    public int compare(Movie m1, Movie m2) {
      
        // Sort by name in alphabetical order
        return m1.getN().compareTo(m2.getN()); 
    }
}

// Main class 
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
      
        // Create a list of movies 
        ArrayList<Movie> m = new ArrayList<>();
        m.add(new Movie("Force Awakens", 8.3, 2015));
        m.add(new Movie("Star Wars", 8.7, 1977));
        m.add(new Movie("Empire Strikes Back", 8.8, 1980));

        // Sort movies by rating and display all
        Collections.sort(m, new Rating());
        System.out.println("Movies sorted by rating:");
        for (Movie m1 : m) {
            System.out.println(m1.getR() + " " + m1.getN() + " " + m1.getY());
        }

        // Sort movies by name and display all
        Collections.sort(m, new NameCompare());
        System.out.println("\nMovies sorted by name:");
        for (Movie m1 : m) {
            System.out.println(m1.getN() + " " + m1.getR() + " " + m1.getY());
        }
    }
}

output:

参考文献:Java Collections Interview Questions and Answers | GeeksforGeeks

Java Comparable vs Comparator | GeeksforGeeks