Centos7.6安装mysql5.7教程——腾讯云

1. 使用Linux命令(wget)下载mysql安装包:
   官网下载链接：https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/
   选择社区版本下载： MySQL Community Server (Archived Versions)
   这里可以自行选择所需版本
   以5.7为例：(mysql-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar)如下所示：

wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.7.33-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

等待下载完成并查看：
自行解压后如下所示

tar -xvf mysql-5.7.33-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

2. 安装mysql:

yum -y install mysql-community-server-5.7.33-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

提示缺少依赖：

3. 如上的报错，由于centos 7默认是mariadb数据库，再去安装mysql之前要先下载mariadb

[root@VM-centos ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64
[root@VM-centos ~]# rpm -e mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64
error: Failed dependencies:
	libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) is needed by (installed) postfix-2:2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64
	libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) is needed by (installed) postfix-2:2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64
//存在依赖关系，强制卸载
[root@VM-centos ~]#  rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64
[root@VM-centos ~]# yum -y install mysql-community-server-5.7.33-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Examining mysql-community-server-5.7.33-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: mysql-community-server-5.7.33-1.el7.x86_64
Marking mysql-community-server-5.7.33-1.el7.x86_64.rpm to be installed
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.33-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 5.7.33-1.el7 for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.33-1.el7.x86_64
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.33-1.el7.x86_64
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Error: Package: mysql-community-server-5.7.33-1.el7.x86_64 (/mysql-community-server-5.7.33-1.el7.x86_64)
           Requires: mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 5.7.33-1.el7
Error: Package: mysql-community-server-5.7.33-1.el7.x86_64 (/mysql-community-server-5.7.33-1.el7.x86_64)
           Requires: mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 5.7.9
 You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem
** Found 2 pre-existing rpmdb problem(s), 'yum check' output follows:
2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64 has missing requires of libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit)
2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64 has missing requires of libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit)

4. 可知缺少：

按照提示，安装如下依赖：

rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.33-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.33-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

client依赖报错：

[root@VM-centos ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.33-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-client-5.7.33-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
	mysql-community-libs(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 is needed by mysql-community-client-5.7.33-1.el7.x86_64

5. 根据以上提示，先安装libs:

[root@VM-centos ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.33-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-libs-5.7.33-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql-community-libs-5.7.33-1.el7################################# [100%]

再继续安装：

[root@VM-centos ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.33-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-client-5.7.33-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql-community-client-5.7.33-1.e################################# [100%]

最后(正常情况下可以直接完成)：

yum -y install mysql-community-server-5.7.33-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

6. 查看mysql服务并启动：

[root@VM-centos ~]# systemctl status mysqld.service
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
[root@VM-centos ~]# systemctl start mysqld.service

7. 查看临时密码并登录修改：

[root@VM-centos ~]#  grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log

下面是官方文档，对于该问题的解释：
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/validate-password.html
上述报错的原因：其实与validate_password_policy的值有关。
validate_password_policy有以下取值：
默认是1，即MEDIUM，所以刚开始设置的密码必须符合长度，且必须含有数字，小写或大写字母，特殊字符。
解决方法：
修改validate_password_policy参数的值

mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

更改密码：

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '新密码';

8. 使用新密码登录完成：
   
9. 总结：
   以上是在使用腾讯云服务器安装mysql时所涉及的一些问题。也是自己的学习过程，相比Window等常用的操作系统。Linux上不同的配置有时候就有不同的效果。当然也可以通过Docker进行安装。在安装完mysql之后，需要在服务器的防火墙中开启端口放行，才能进行远程访问。当然这里不建议使用默认的3306端口！