Linux学习随手笔记-条件变量

条件变量的使用是为了提高程序的效率，单单使用互斥量会造成阻塞。

条件变量的创建：pthread_cond_t cond;

相关函数

int pthread_cond_init(pthread_cond_t * cond,const pthread_condattr_t * attr); 	
int pthread_cond_destroy(pthread_cond_t *cond)；
int pthread_cond_wait(pthread_cond_t *restrict cond,pthread_mutex_t *restrict mutex); 	
int pthread_cond_timedwait(pthread_cond_t *restrict cond,pthread_mutex_t *restrict mutex,const struct timespec *restrict abstime); 	
int pthread_cond_broadcast(pthread_cond_t *cond)
int pthread_cond_signal(pthread_cond_t *cond)

pthead_cond_wait参数：
pthread_cond_t *restrict cond:条件变量；
pthread_mutex_t *restruct mutex:互斥量。
pthread_cond_timedwait多了一个超时。

pthread_cond_wait运行过程，当不满足条件是会释放互斥锁，然后挂起该线程，直到满足条件后该线程回到运行状态同时上锁。
pthread_cond_timedwait则超时后会尝试去获取一次互斥量，然后返回错误码。
pthread_cond_signal发送条件来唤醒至少一个线程
pthread_cond_broadcast唤醒所有线程

demo（生产者消费者）

#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define BUF_SIZE        5

struct buf_c
{
        int buf[BUF_SIZE];			//缓冲区大小
        pthread_mutex_t mutex;
        pthread_cond_t nofull;		//两个条件
        pthread_cond_t noempty;
        int write_p;				//写指针的位置
        int read_p;					//读指针的位置
};

struct buf_c buf_t;

void* producer(void *arg)
{
        int  cnt=0;
        pthread_mutex_lock(&buf_t.mutex);	
        while(cnt < 10)
        {
                if(buf_t.write_p - buf_t.read_p > BUF_SIZE - 1)
                {
                        printf("buf has fulled,stop to produce\n"); 		//缓冲区满了，停止生产，等待有空位
                        pthread_cond_wait(&buf_t.nofull,&buf_t.mutex);
                }
 				else
                {
                        buf_t.buf[buf_t.write_p % BUF_SIZE] = cnt;
                        pthread_cond_signal(&buf_t.noempty);
                        printf("produce the %d\n",cnt);
                        cnt++;
                        buf_t.write_p++;
                        pthread_mutex_unlock(&buf_t.mutex);
                        sleep(1);
                }
        }
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&buf_t.mutex);
        return (void *)0;
}
void* customer(void *arg)
{
        pthread_mutex_lock(&buf_t.mutex);
        while(1)
        {
                if(buf_t.read_p == buf_t.write_p)
                {
                        printf("buf has emptied,stop to custome\n");
                        pthread_cond_wait(&buf_t.noempty,&buf_t.mutex);			//缓冲区没有数据，等待生产者生产数据
                }
				else
                {
                        printf("custome the %d\n",buf_t.buf[buf_t.read_p % BUF_SIZE]);
                        pthread_cond_signal(&buf_t.nofull);
                        if(++buf_t.read_p == 10)
                        {
                                printf("custome completed\n");
                                pthread_mutex_unlock(&buf_t.mutex);
                                return (void *)0;
                        }
                        pthread_mutex_unlock(&buf_t.mutex);
                        sleep(1);
                }
        }
}

void init_buf(void)
{
        pthread_mutex_init(&buf_t.mutex,NULL);
        pthread_cond_init(&buf_t.nofull,NULL);
        pthread_cond_init(&buf_t.noempty,NULL);
        buf_t.write_p = 0;
        buf_t.read_p = 0;
}

int main()
{
        pthread_t thread1,thread2;
        void *ret;

        pthread_create(&thread1, NULL, producer, NULL);
        pthread_create(&thread2, NULL, customer, NULL);
        init_buf();

        pthread_join(thread1,&ret);
        pthread_join(thread2,&ret);

        return 0;
}
                 

可以看到生产者一秒生产一个数据，然后消费者拿走。