计算RGB图像直方图（一）

RGB图像代表每个像素占4个字节（RGB占3字节还有一个字节空），R、G、B分量各占一个字节，每个分量都有256种取值可能（每个分量值是32位整数）。因此RGB图像的直方图是一个256 * 3的数组。

软件算法：

// This function computes the histogram for R, G, and B.
//
// image_data is a pointer to an RGBA image with 8 bits per channel
// w is the width of the image in pixels
// h is the height of the image in pixels

// The histogram is an array of 256 bins for R, G, and B.
// Each bin entry is a 32-bit unsigned integer value.
unsigned int *
histogram_rgba_unorm8(void *image_data, int w, int h)
{
    unsigned char *img = (unsigned char *)image_data;
    unsigned int *ref_histogram_results;
    unsigned int *ptr;
    int i;
    // clear the histogram results buffer to zeros.
    //
    // the histogram buffer stores the histogram values for R
    // followed by the histogram values for G and then B.
    // Since there are 256 bins for an 8-bit color channel,
    // the histogram buffer is 256 * 3