HCIA综合实验
题目:
要求:
1、R6为ISP,接口IP地址均为公有地址,该设备只能配置IP地址,之后不能冉对其进行任何配置;
2、R1-R5为局域网,私有IP地址192.168.1.0/24,请合理分配;
3、R1、R2、R4,各有两个环回IP地址;R5,R6各有一个环回地址;所有路由器上环回均代表连接用户的接口;
4、R3下面的两台Pc通过DHCP自动获取IP地址;
5、选路最佳,路由表尽量小,避免环路;
6、R1-R5均可以访问R6的环回;
7、在R1上配置telnet服务,使R6能通过r5的公有地址telnet到R1上;
8、R4与R5正常通过1000M链路,故障时通过100m链路;
实验思路:
- 将IP进行合理划分并进行配置,注意区分内网和外网。
- 内网各个路由器配置各个网段的静态路由。
- 内网达到全网通后,配置到边界路由器的缺省路由,在边界路由器配置ACL和NAT实现与外网的互通。
- R1作为Telent服务器。
- 修改优先级备份。
一、配置IP 地址
1.手动配置R1、R2、R3、R4、ISP
R1: [R1]int g 0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 192.168.1.1 30
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip ad 192.168.1.5 30
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip ad 192.168.1.33 28
[R1-LoopBack0]int l1
[R1-LoopBack1]ip ad 192.168.1.49 28
R2: [R2]int g 0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 192.168.1.2 30
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip ad 192.168.1.9 30
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip ad 192.168.1.65 28
[R2-LoopBack0]int l1
[R2-LoopBack1]ip ad 192.168.1.81 28
R3: [R3]int g 0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 192.168.1.6 30
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip ad 192.168.1.13 30
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g 0/0/2
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip ad 192.168.1.97 27
R4: [R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 192.167.1.10 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip ad 192.168.1.14 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g 0/0/2
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip ad 192.168.1.17 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g 4/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip ad 192.168.1.21 30
[R4]INT l0
[R4-LoopBack0]ip ad 192.168.1.129 28
[R4-LoopBack0]int l1
[R4-LoopBack1]ip ad 192.168.1.145 28
R5: [R5]int g 0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 192.168.1.18 30
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/2
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip ad 192.168.1.22 30
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int l0
[R5-LoopBack0]ip ad 192.168.1.161 27
[R5-LoopBack0]int g 0/0/1
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip ad 12.0.0.1 24
ISP: [ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] ip address 12.0.0.2 24
[ISP]INT l0
[ISP-LoopBack0]ip ad 1.1.1.1 24
2.DHCP配置
[R3]dhcp enable
Info: The operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment.done.
[R3]ip pool aa
Info: It's successful to create an IP address pool.
[R3-ip-pool-aa]network 192.168.1.96 mask 27
[R3-ip-pool-aa]gateway-list 192.168.1.97
[R3-ip-pool-aa]dns-list 8.8.8.8 114.114.114.114
[R3]int g 0/0/2
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]dhcp select global
二、实现内网互通
1.静态路由配置
R1: ip route-static 192.168.1.8 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.2
ip route-static 192.168.1.12 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.6
ip route-static 192.168.1.16 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.6
ip route-static 192.168.1.16 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.2
ip route-static 192.168.1.20 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.2
ip route-static 192.168.1.20 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.6
ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.2
ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.6
ip route-static 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.2
ip route-static 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.6
ip route-static 192.168.1.160 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.6
ip route-static 192.168.1.160 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.2
R2: ip route-static 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.1
ip route-static 192.168.1.12 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.10
ip route-static 192.168.1.16 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.10
ip route-static 192.168.1.20 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.10
ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.1
ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.10
ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.1
ip route-static 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.10
ip route-static 192.168.1.160 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.10
R3: ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.5
ip route-static 192.168.1.8 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.14
ip route-static 192.168.1.16 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.14
ip route-static 192.168.1.20 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.14
ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.5
ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.5
ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.14
ip route-static 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.14
ip route-static 192.168.1.160 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.14
R4: ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.9
ip route-static 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.13
ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.9
ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.13
ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.9
ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.13
ip route-static 192.168.1.160 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.18
ip route-static 192.168.1.160 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.22
R5:ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.17
ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21
ip route-static 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.17
ip route-static 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21
ip route-static 192.168.1.8 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.17
ip route-static 192.168.1.8 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21
ip route-static 192.168.1.12 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.17
ip route-static 192.168.1.12 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21
ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.17
ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21
ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.17
ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21
ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.17
ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21
ip route-static 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.17
ip route-static 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21
备用:ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21
ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21
ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21
ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21
ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21
ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21
ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21
ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21
2.进行测试:
(1)<R1>ping 192.168.1.161
(2)在PC机上:ping 192.168.1.161
测试完成后,内网实现了基本全网通,然后对内网的各个设备进行优化。
3. 防环
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 NULL 0
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 NULL 0
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 NULL 0
注意:要对防环进行查看!!!
三、外网与内网互通(全网通)
1. 在R5上配置静态缺省路由
[R5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 12.0.0.2
测试:ping 1.1.1.1
2.easy ip
[R5-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R5-acl-basic-2000]int g 0/0/1
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]nat outbound 2000
进一步分析,发现R1、R2、R3、R4并没有对12.0.0.0/24的静态路由,R5与ISP是直连所以可以访问到12.0.0.0/24网段。因此他们不能与外网同,所以要进行他们对外网的静态路由配置。但是手动对外网的静态路由配置很多并且外网的网段很多难以配置,所以我们要利用缺省路由的思想进行对未知外网的网段进行互通。
3.对R1、R2、R3、R4进行缺省路由配置
R1: [R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.6
R2: [R2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10
R3: [R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.14
R4: [R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.18
[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22
相关配置已经完成,进行测试。
利用主机对以上操作进行实验测试:
测试结果互通,证明上面操作没有问题,对路由进行SAVA保存,可以进行接下来的操作。
四、Telnet和NAT Sever的配置(在R1上配置telnet服务,使R6能通过r5的公有地址telnet到R1上;)
1. 配置Telnet服务器
[R1]aaa
[R1-aaa]local-user wangjing privilege level 15 password cipher 123456
Info: Add a new user.
[R1-aaa]local-user wangjing service-type telnet
[R1]user-interface vty 0 4
[R1-ui-vty0-4]authentication-mode aaa
2. NAT Sever的配置
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]nat server protocol tcp global current-interface 23 ins
ide 192.168.1.1
Warning:The port 23 is well-known port. If you continue it may cause function fa
ilure.
Are you sure to continue?[Y/N]:y
3.测试
测试成功,可以进行下一步操作。
五、更改优先级
对R4进行配置:
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.22 preference 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22 preference 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
对R5进行配置:
ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
相关操作进行完毕,接下来进行对优先级的测试。
关闭R5上的1000Mb
[R5]int g 0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]shutdown
在R1上ping 192.168.1.161
实验证明备份路径操作成功。
实验到此结束!