HCIA之DHCP,ACL,NAT,TELENT..综合练习

HCIA综合实验

题目:

要求:

1、R6为ISP,接口IP地址均为公有地址,该设备只能配置IP地址,之后不能冉对其进行任何配置;

2、R1-R5为局域网,私有IP地址192.168.1.0/24,请合理分配;

3、R1、R2、R4,各有两个环回IP地址;R5,R6各有一个环回地址;所有路由器上环回均代表连接用户的接口;

4、R3下面的两台Pc通过DHCP自动获取IP地址;

5、选路最佳,路由表尽量小,避免环路;

6、R1-R5均可以访问R6的环回;

7、在R1上配置telnet服务,使R6能通过r5的公有地址telnet到R1上;

8、R4与R5正常通过1000M链路,故障时通过100m链路;

实验思路:

  1. 将IP进行合理划分并进行配置,注意区分内网和外网。
  2. 内网各个路由器配置各个网段的静态路由。
  3. 内网达到全网通后,配置到边界路由器的缺省路由,在边界路由器配置ACL和NAT实现与外网的互通。
  4. R1作为Telent服务器。
  5. 修改优先级备份。

一、配置IP 地址

1.手动配置R1、R2、R3、R4、ISP

R1: [R1]int g 0/0/0

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 192.168.1.1 30

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip ad 192.168.1.5 30

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0

[R1-LoopBack0]ip ad 192.168.1.33 28

[R1-LoopBack0]int l1

[R1-LoopBack1]ip ad 192.168.1.49 28

R2: [R2]int g 0/0/0

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 192.168.1.2 30

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip ad 192.168.1.9 30

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0

[R2-LoopBack0]ip ad 192.168.1.65 28

[R2-LoopBack0]int l1

[R2-LoopBack1]ip ad 192.168.1.81 28

R3: [R3]int g 0/0/0

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 192.168.1.6 30

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip ad 192.168.1.13 30

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g 0/0/2

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip ad 192.168.1.97 27

R4: [R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 192.167.1.10 30

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip ad 192.168.1.14 30

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g 0/0/2

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip ad 192.168.1.17 30

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g 4/0/0

[R4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip ad 192.168.1.21 30

[R4]INT l0

[R4-LoopBack0]ip ad 192.168.1.129 28

[R4-LoopBack0]int l1

[R4-LoopBack1]ip ad 192.168.1.145 28

R5: [R5]int g 0/0/0

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 192.168.1.18 30

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/2

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip ad 192.168.1.22 30

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int l0

[R5-LoopBack0]ip ad 192.168.1.161 27

[R5-LoopBack0]int g 0/0/1

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip ad 12.0.0.1 24

ISP: [ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] ip address 12.0.0.2 24

[ISP]INT l0

[ISP-LoopBack0]ip ad 1.1.1.1 24

2.DHCP配置

[R3]dhcp enable

Info: The operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment.done.

[R3]ip pool aa

Info: It's successful to create an IP address pool.

[R3-ip-pool-aa]network 192.168.1.96 mask 27

[R3-ip-pool-aa]gateway-list  192.168.1.97

[R3-ip-pool-aa]dns-list  8.8.8.8 114.114.114.114

[R3]int g 0/0/2

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]dhcp  select global

二、实现内网互通

1.静态路由配置

R1: ip route-static 192.168.1.8 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.2

ip route-static 192.168.1.12 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.6

ip route-static 192.168.1.16 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.6

ip route-static 192.168.1.16 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.2

ip route-static 192.168.1.20 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.2

ip route-static 192.168.1.20 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.6

ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.2

ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.6

ip route-static 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.2

ip route-static 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.6

ip route-static 192.168.1.160 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.6

ip route-static 192.168.1.160 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.2

R2: ip route-static 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.1

ip route-static 192.168.1.12 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.10

ip route-static 192.168.1.16 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.10

ip route-static 192.168.1.20 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.10

ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.1

ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.10

ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.1

ip route-static 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.10

ip route-static 192.168.1.160 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.10

R3: ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.5

ip route-static 192.168.1.8 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.14

ip route-static 192.168.1.16 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.14

ip route-static 192.168.1.20 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.14

ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.5

ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.5

ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.14

ip route-static 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.14

ip route-static 192.168.1.160 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.14

R4: ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.9

ip route-static 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.13

ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.9

ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.13

ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.9

ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.13

ip route-static 192.168.1.160 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.18

ip route-static 192.168.1.160 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.22

R5:ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.17

ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21

ip route-static 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.17

ip route-static 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21

ip route-static 192.168.1.8 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.17

ip route-static 192.168.1.8 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21

ip route-static 192.168.1.12 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.17

ip route-static 192.168.1.12 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21

ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.17

ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21

ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.17

ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21

ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.17

ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21

ip route-static 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.17

ip route-static 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21

备用:ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21

  ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21

  ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21

  ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21

  ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21

  ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21

  ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21

  ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21

2.进行测试:

(1)<R1>ping 192.168.1.161

(2)在PC机上:ping 192.168.1.161

测试完成后,内网实现了基本全网通,然后对内网的各个设备进行优化。

3. 防环

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 NULL  0

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 NULL 0

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 NULL 0

注意:要对防环进行查看!!!

三、外网与内网互通(全网通)

1. 在R5上配置静态缺省路由

[R5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 12.0.0.2

测试:ping 1.1.1.1

2.easy ip

[R5-acl-basic-2000]rule  permit  source  192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255

[R5-acl-basic-2000]int g 0/0/1

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]nat outbound  2000

进一步分析,发现R1、R2、R3、R4并没有对12.0.0.0/24的静态路由,R5与ISP是直连所以可以访问到12.0.0.0/24网段。因此他们不能与外网同,所以要进行他们对外网的静态路由配置。但是手动对外网的静态路由配置很多并且外网的网段很多难以配置,所以我们要利用缺省路由的思想进行对未知外网的网段进行互通。

3.对R1、R2、R3、R4进行缺省路由配置

R1: [R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.6

R2: [R2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10

R3: [R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.14

R4: [R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.18

[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22

相关配置已经完成,进行测试。

利用主机对以上操作进行实验测试:

测试结果互通,证明上面操作没有问题,对路由进行SAVA保存,可以进行接下来的操作。

四、Telnet和NAT Sever的配置(在R1上配置telnet服务,使R6能通过r5的公有地址telnet到R1上;)

1. 配置Telnet服务器

[R1]aaa

[R1-aaa]local-user wangjing privilege level 15 password  cipher 123456

Info: Add a new user.

[R1-aaa]local-user wangjing service-type  telnet

[R1]user-interface vty  0 4

[R1-ui-vty0-4]authentication-mode aaa

2. NAT Sever的配置

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]nat server protocol tcp global current-interface 23 ins

ide 192.168.1.1

Warning:The port 23 is well-known port. If you continue it may cause function fa

ilure.

Are you sure to continue?[Y/N]:y

3.测试


测试成功,可以进行下一步操作。

五、更改优先级

对R4进行配置:

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.22 preference 61

Info: Succeeded in modifying route.

[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22 preference 61

Info: Succeeded in modifying route.

对R5进行配置:

  ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61

  ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61

  ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61

  ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61

  ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61

  ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61

  ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61

  ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61

相关操作进行完毕,接下来进行对优先级的测试。

关闭R5上的1000Mb

[R5]int g 0/0/0

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]shutdown

在R1上ping 192.168.1.161

实验证明备份路径操作成功。

实验到此结束!

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