java Rational类设计
Rational类代码
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
public final class Rational implements Comparable<Rational>{
private final int numerator;
private final int denominator;
//输入整数的构造方法
public Rational(int num) {
this.numerator = num;
this.denominator = 1;
}
//输入分子和分母的构造方法
public Rational(int numerator, int denominator) throws IllegalArgumentException{
if(denominator == 0) { //不合法有理数判断，分母不为 0
throw new IllegalArgumentException("分母是个不合法的参数");
}
int gcd = getGCD(numerator, denominator); //取分子和分母的最大公约数，用于化简
this.numerator = numerator / gcd;
this.denominator = denominator / gcd;
}
//输入字符串的构造方法
public Rational(String str) throws IllegalArgumentException{
int idx = 0;
if(isInteger(str)){ //检测是否是整数型输入
this.numerator = Integer.valueOf(str);
this.denominator = 1;
}
else if(str.indexOf("/") != -1){ //检测是否是分数型输入
String numerator_str = str.substring(0, str.indexOf("/"));
String denominator_str = str.substring(str.indexOf("/") + 1, str.length());
if(isInteger(numerator_str) && isInteger(denominator_str)){ //判断除号两边是否是整数
int numerator = Integer.valueOf(numerator_str);
int denominator = Integer.valueOf(denominator_str);
if(denominator == 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("分母是个不合法的参数");
}
int gcd = getGCD(numerator, denominator);
this.numerator = numerator / gcd;
this.denominator = denominator / gcd;
}
else { //除号两遍不是整数
throw new IllegalArgumentException("输入的字符串是不合法的参数");
}
}
else { //不合法输入
throw new IllegalArgumentException("输入的字符串是不合法的参数");
}
}
//求 2 个整数的最大公约数，用于分数化简
private int getGCD(int numerator, int denominator){
int num1;
int num2;
//保证是大数除小数
if(numerator > denominator) {
num1 = Math.abs(numerator);
num2 = Math.abs(denominator);
}
else {
num1 = Math.abs(denominator);
num2 = Math.abs(numerator);
}
int remainder = num1 % num2;
while (remainder != 0) {
num1 = num2;
num2 = remainder;
remainder = num1 % num2;
}
//逆转负号，把分母的负号转移到分子上
if(denominator < 0) {
num2 = -num2;
}
return num2;
}
//判断是否是整数
private static boolean isInteger(String str) {
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("^[-\\+]?[\\d]*$");
return pattern.matcher(str).matches();
}
//加法运算
public Rational add(Rational num2) {
int numerator = this.numerator * num2.denominator + denominator * num2.numerator;
int denominator = this.denominator * num2.denominator;
return new Rational(numerator, denominator);
}
//减法运算
public Rational subtract(Rational num2) {
int numerator = this.numerator * num2.denominator - denominator * num2.numerator;
int denominator = this.denominator * num2.denominator;
return new Rational(numerator, denominator);
}
//乘法运算
public Rational multply(Rational num2) {
int numerator = this.numerator * num2.numerator;
int denominator = this.denominator * num2.denominator;
return new Rational(numerator, denominator);
}
//除法运算
public Rational divide(Rational num2) {
int numerator = this.numerator * num2.denominator;
int denominator = this.denominator * num2.numerator;
return new Rational(numerator, denominator);
}
//返回绝对值
public Rational abs() {
if(this. numerator < 0) {
return new Rational(-1 * this.getNumerator(),this.getDenominator());
}
else {
return new Rational(this.getNumerator(),this.getDenominator());
}
}
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
//检测 this 和 otherObject 是否相等
if(this == obj) {
return true;
}
//检测 otherObject 是否是 null
if(obj == null){
return false;
}
//比较 this 与 otherObject 的类是否相同
if(this.getClass() != obj.getClass()) {
return false;
}
//强制类型转换为相应的类类型变量，比较各个属性
Rational num2 = (Rational) obj;
return this.numerator == num2.numerator
&& this.denominator == num2.denominator;
}
//有理数转化为 int 类型
public int intValue() {
return (int) this.numerator / this.denominator;
}
//有理数转化为 double 类型
public double doubleValue(){
return (double) this.numerator / this.denominator;
}
//获得分母
public int getNumerator() {
return numerator;
}
//获得分子
public int getDenominator() {
return denominator;
}
public String toString() {
if(this.denominator == 1) {
return ""+this.numerator;
}
else {
return this.numerator + "/" + this.denominator;
}
}
@Override
//实现 Comparable 接口的所有方法
public int compareTo(Rational num2) {
return this.subtract(num2).getNumerator();
}
}
类功能测试
import java.util.Arrays;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//构造方法测试
Rational array[] = new Rational[11];
array[0] = new Rational(0);
array[1] = new Rational(1);
array[2] = new Rational("2");
array[3] = new Rational("6/2");
array[4] = new Rational(4,1);
array[5] = new Rational(1,2);
array[6] = new Rational("1/3");
array[7] = new Rational(2,5);
array[8] = new Rational("5/8");
array[9] = new Rational(-1,2);
array[10] = new Rational("3/-5");
for(int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
System.out.println("array[" + i + "]:" + array[i].toString());
}
//加法运算测试
System.out.println("加法测试1:" + array[0].add(array[1]));
System.out.println("加法测试2:" + array[2].add(array[5]));
//减法运算测试
System.out.println("减法测试1:" + array[3].subtract(array[4]));
System.out.println("减法测试2:" + array[2].subtract(array[6]));
//乘法运算测试
System.out.println("乘法测试1:" + array[2].multply(array[3]));
System.out.println("乘法测试2:" + array[4].multply(array[6]));
//除法运算测试
System.out.println("除法测试1:" + array[4].divide(array[2]));
System.out.println("除法测试2:" + array[3].divide(array[8]));
//绝对值运算测试
System.out.println("绝对值测试1:" + array[7].abs().toString());
System.out.println("绝对值测试2:" + array[9].abs().toString());
//Comparable 接口测试
Arrays.sort(array);
for(int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
System.out.println("array[" + i + "]:" + array[i].toString());
}
//相等判断测试
Double test_num1 = null;
Integer test_num2 = 1;
Rational test_num3 = new Rational(0);
System.out.println("相等测试1:" + test_num3.equals(test_num1));
System.out.println("相等测试2:" + test_num3.equals(test_num2));
System.out.println("相等测试3:" + test_num3.equals(array[2]));
System.out.println("相等测试4:" + test_num3.equals(array[1]));
//数制转换测试
System.out.println("数制转换测试1:" + array[6].doubleValue());
System.out.println("数制转换测试2:" + array[6].intValue());
}
}
}
IDEA输出
问题讨论
问题一
描述与 C 语言的有理数代码相比较，为什么你设计的类更加面向对象?
该程序将关于有理数的操作全部封装在一个类中。
问题二
别人如何复用你的代码?
将该类打包，别人下载使用import即可使用该类。
问题三
别人的代码是否依赖你的有理数类的属性?当你的有理数类的属性修改时,是否会影响他人调用你有理数类的代码?
别人的代码依赖我的有理数类的属性，当我的由有理数类的属性修改时不会影响他人调用有理数类的代码。、
问题四
有理数类的 public 方法是否设置合适?为什么有的方法设置为 private?
public 定义的方法表示任何类的任何方法都可以调用，而private定义的方法表示只能在该类中使用该方法。有理数类中的public方法均是外界需使用的方法，故设置合适。而该类中设置为private的只在该类中使用，外界不需要使用，故设置为private。
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