Java代码生成随机验证码、验证数

/**
 * 业务编码生成规则
 */
public class CodeGeneratorUtil {


	static final IdGen IDG = IdGen.get();

	/**
	 * 生成业务编码
	 * @param prefix  前缀
	 * @return
     */
	public static  String getNo(String prefix) {
		return prefix+IDG.nextId();
	}

	/*
	 * 定义一个获取随机验证码的方法
	 * length :位数
	 */
	public static String getCode(int length) {
		String string = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";//保存数字0-9 和 大小写字母
		char[] ch = new char[length]; //声明一个字符数组对象ch 保存 验证码
		for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
			Random random = new Random();//创建一个新的随机数生成器
			int index = random.nextInt(string.length());//返回[0,string.length)范围的int值    作用：保存下标
			ch[i] = string.charAt(index);//charAt() : 返回指定索引处的 char 值   ==》保存到字符数组对象ch里面
		}
		//将char数组类型转换为String类型保存到result
		String result = String.valueOf(ch);//方法二： String方法   valueOf(char c) ：返回 char 参数的字符串表示形式。
		return result;
	}


}

IdGen.java:

public class IdGen {
    private long workerId;
    private long datacenterId;
    private long sequence = 0L;
    private long twepoch = 1288834974657L; //Thu, 04 Nov 2010 01:42:54 GMT
    private long workerIdBits = 5L; //节点ID长度
    private long datacenterIdBits = 5L; //数据中心ID长度
    private long maxWorkerId = -1L ^ (-1L << workerIdBits); //最大支持机器节点数0~31，一共32个
    private long maxDatacenterId = -1L ^ (-1L << datacenterIdBits); //最大支持数据中心节点数0~31，一共32个
    private long sequenceBits = 12L; //序列号12位
    private long workerIdShift = sequenceBits; //机器节点左移12位
    private long datacenterIdShift = sequenceBits + workerIdBits; //数据中心节点左移17位
    private long timestampLeftShift = sequenceBits + workerIdBits + datacenterIdBits; //时间毫秒数左移22位
    private long sequenceMask = -1L ^ (-1L << sequenceBits); //4095
    private long lastTimestamp = -1L;
    private static class IdGenHolder {
        private static final IdGen instance = new IdGen();
    }
    public static IdGen get(){
        return IdGenHolder.instance;
    }
    public IdGen() {
        this(0L, 0L);
    }
    public IdGen(long workerId, long datacenterId) {
        if (workerId > maxWorkerId || workerId < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("worker Id can't be greater than %d or less than 0", maxWorkerId));
        }
        if (datacenterId > maxDatacenterId || datacenterId < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("datacenter Id can't be greater than %d or less than 0", maxDatacenterId));
        }
        this.workerId = workerId;
        this.datacenterId = datacenterId;
    }
    public synchronized long nextId() {
        long timestamp = timeGen(); //获取当前毫秒数
        //如果服务器时间有问题(时钟后退) 报错。
        if (timestamp < lastTimestamp) {
            throw new RuntimeException(String.format(
                    "Clock moved backwards.  Refusing to generate id for %d milliseconds", lastTimestamp - timestamp));
        }
        //如果上次生成时间和当前时间相同,在同一毫秒内
        if (lastTimestamp == timestamp) {
            //sequence自增，因为sequence只有12bit，所以和sequenceMask相与一下，去掉高位
            sequence = (sequence + 1) & sequenceMask;
            //判断是否溢出,也就是每毫秒内超过4095，当为4096时，与sequenceMask相与，sequence就等于0
            if (sequence == 0) {
                timestamp = tilNextMillis(lastTimestamp); //自旋等待到下一毫秒
            }
        } else {
            sequence = 0L; //如果和上次生成时间不同,重置sequence，就是下一毫秒开始，sequence计数重新从0开始累加
        }
        lastTimestamp = timestamp;
        // 最后按照规则拼出ID。
        // 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000  00000            00000       000000000000
        // time                                                               datacenterId   workerId    sequence
        return ((timestamp - twepoch) << timestampLeftShift) | (datacenterId << datacenterIdShift)
                | (workerId << workerIdShift) | sequence;
    }
    protected long tilNextMillis(long lastTimestamp) {
        long timestamp = timeGen();
        while (timestamp <= lastTimestamp) {
            timestamp = timeGen();
        }
        return timestamp;
    }
    protected long timeGen() {
        return System.currentTimeMillis();
    }
}