1.Indentify the Linux file systerm
(1) /bin: It stores many utilities of Linux. These utilities are the commands available under the Linux systerm
(记:主要存储命令的实用程序)
(2) /dev:it stores all the device-related files for the systerm
(记:存储于设备有关的文件)
(3) /etc: it stores the systerm-related data that the users and the systerm need to refer to.such as configuration files
(记:存储一系列的配置文件与环境变量)
(4)/lib: it contains laberiaies of data for the compiler installed on the systerm,such as C language routines
(记:存编译器的库)
(5)/home: it contauns all the home directories of users.
(记:存储用户的home)
(6)/user: it stores the operationg systerms fles,which are not involved in the boot preocess,Many utilites in the /usr/bin
(记:存储操作系统中的使用进程,存在/usr/bin下,不同于bin中的)
(7)/var: It has information specific to different utilites of Linux.
(记:存特殊的使用程序)
2.File type
(1)Ordinary file 用户创建的文件
(2)Diertory file
(3)Special file
c1:Character device files: Character files read and write data one character at a once
c2: Block Device Character:一次访问以块数据
c3:Hard links; Hard link are special files that allow a single file to have mutiple names
c4:symbolic links:Symbolic links, also known as soft link.
3.pwd:indentifying the current Directory Path
4.cd changing the current Directory Path
cd .. (move to parent directory)
5.mkdir Creating a Directory
6.rm removing a file
7.ls list tge Contents of the Directory
-a list all the file ,including hidden files
(记:全部的英文为all,故显示全部用-a)
-F 显示文件类型和名称 * 代表可执行文件 /代表目录
(记:按照文件类型和名称,file type 与 file name双f边大写)
-R 提供递归列表,显示子目录的内容
(R本来就是递归的意思)
-r 按逆序显示文件和子目录(小的在前就是逆序,所以用递归小r)
-S 按文件大小进行排序(sort)
-A 显示除了.和..目录之外的所有牧流的文件
(记:全部的英文为all,但是除了.和..,就得用A)
8.cp
(1)cp -r temp temp2 递归复制,将temp的子目录一并复制到temp2
(2)-i tips before overating
(3)-l links a file instead of cp it
(4)-s creates a symbolic link
(5)-v Explans in detail what is being done
9.rm
(1) -I 删除3个文件时,或递归删除时提示一次
(2)-f force 强制删除,文件不存在也不提示
(3)-r 递归删除
(4)-v Explans in detail what is being done
10.mv
mv temp temp2将temp移动当前目录,并命名为temp2
-f force dont promts before overwriting
-i prompts before overwriting
-v explan in detail what is being done
11.more 一次显示一个屏幕的文本,回车向上移动一行,空格上移一个屏幕
12.less 在查看文件时也可以上移屏幕,比more命令快
13.文件权限中,u代表文件所有者,g代表同组用户,o代表其他用户,a代表所有用户