NoSQL 和关系数据库的操作比较
实验目的
- 理解四种数据库(MySQL、HBase、Redis 和 MongoDB)的概念以及不同点;
- 熟练使用四种数据库操作常用的 Shell 命令;
- 熟悉四种数据库操作常用的 Java API。
实验平台
- 操作系统:centos7
- Hadoop 版本:3.3;
- MySQL 版本:8.0.22;
- HBase 版本:2.4.11;
- Redis 版本:5.0.5;
- MongoDB 版本:5.0;
- JDK 版本:1.8;
- Java IDE:IDEA;
实验步骤
(一)MySQL 数据库操作
Student 表如表 A-4 所示:
Name | English | Math | Computer |
---|---|---|---|
zhangsan | 69 | 86 | 77 |
lisi | 55 | 100 | 88 |
根据上面给出的 Student 表,在 MySQL 数据库中完成如下操作:
(1)在 MySQL 中创建 Student 表,并录入数;
(2)用 SQL 语句输出 Student 表中的所有记录
(3)查询 zhangsan 的 Computer 成绩
(4)修改 lisi 的 Math 成绩,改为 95。
根据上面已经设计出的 Student 表,使用 MySQL 的 JAVA 客户端编程实现以下操作:
(1)向 Student 表中添加如下所示的一条记录:
package Main;
import java.sql.*;
import com.mysql.jdbc.Driver;
public class main{
static final String DRIVER="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
static final String DB="jdbc:mysql://localhost/student?useSSL=false";
static final String USER="root";
static final String PASSWD="123456";
public static void main(String[] args) {
Connection conn=null;
Statement stmt=null;
try {
//加载驱动程序
Class.forName(DRIVER);
System.out.println("Connecting to a selected database...");
//打开一个连接
conn=DriverManager.getConnection(DB, USER, PASSWD);
//执行一个查询
stmt=conn.createStatement();
String sql="insert into student values('scofield',45,89,100)";
stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
System.out.println("Inserting records into the table successfully!");
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally
{
if(stmt!=null)
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
if(conn!=null)
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
运行结果
(2) 获取 scofield 的 English 成绩信息
package Main;
import java.sql.*;
import com.mysql.jdbc.Driver;
public class main {
static final String DRIVER="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
static final String DB="jdbc:mysql://localhost/student?useSSL=false";
//Database auth
static final String USER="root";
static final String PASSWD="root";
public static void main(String[] args) {
Connection conn=null;
Statement stmt=null;
ResultSet rs=null;
try {
Class.forName(DRIVER);
System.out.println("Connecting to a selected database...");
conn=DriverManager.getConnection(DB, USER, PASSWD);
stmt=conn.createStatement();
String sql="select name,English from student where name='scofield' ";
rs=stmt.executeQuery(sql);
System.out.println("name"+"\t\t"+"English");
while(rs.next())
{
System.out.print(rs.getString(1)+"\t\t");
System.out.println(rs.getInt(2));
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally
{
if(rs!=null)
try {
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
if(stmt!=null)
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
if(conn!=null)
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
运行结果:
HBase 数据库操作
Student 表如表 A-5 所示。
name | English | Math | Computer |
---|---|---|---|
zhangsan | 60 | 86 | 77 |
lisi | 55 | 100 | 88 |
根据上面给出的学生表 Student 的信息,执行如下操作:
(1)用 Hbase Shell 命令创建学生表 Student
(2)用 scan 指令浏览 Student 表的相关信息
(3)查询 zhangsan 的 Computer 成绩
(4)修改 lisi 的 Math 成绩,改为 95
根据上面已经设计出的 Student 表,用 HBase API 编程实现以下操作:
(1)添加数据
scofield | 45 | 89 | 100 |
---|
package Main;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Admin;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Connection;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ConnectionFactory;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Table;
public class main {
public static Configuration configuration;
public static Connection connection;
public static Admin admin;
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
configuration = HBaseConfiguration.create();
configuration.set("hbase.rootdir","hdfs://127.0.0.1:8020/hbase");
try{
connection = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(configuration);
admin = connection.getAdmin();
}catch (IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
insertRow("student","scofield","score","English","45");
insertRow("student","scofield","score","Math","89");
insertRow("student","scofield","score","Computer","100");
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
close();
}
public static void insertRow(String tableName,String rowKey,String colFamily,
String col,String val) throws IOException {
Table table = connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf(tableName));
Put put = new Put(rowKey.getBytes());
put.addColumn(colFamily.getBytes(), col.getBytes(), val.getBytes());
table.put(put);
table.close();
}
public static void close(){
try{
if(admin != null){
admin.close();
}
if(null != connection){
connection.close();
}
}catch (IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
运行结果
(2)获取 scofield 的 English 成绩信息
package Main;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.Cell;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.CellUtil;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Admin;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Connection;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ConnectionFactory;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Get;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Result;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Table;
public class main {
public static Configuration configuration;
public static Connection connection;
public static Admin admin;
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
configuration = HBaseConfiguration.create();
configuration.set("hbase.rootdir", "hdfs://127.0.0.1:8020/hbase");
try {
connection = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(configuration);
admin = connection.getAdmin();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
getData("student", "scofield", "score", "English");
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
close();
}
public static void getData(String tableName, String rowKey, String colFamily,
String col) throws IOException {
Table table = connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf(tableName));
Get get = new Get(rowKey.getBytes());
get.addColumn(colFamily.getBytes(), col.getBytes());
Result result = table.get(get);
showCell(result);
table.close();
}
public static void showCell(Result result) {
Cell[] cells = result.rawCells();
for (Cell cell : cells) {
System.out.println("RowName:" + new String(CellUtil.cloneRow(cell)) + " ");
System.out.println("Timetamp:" + cell.getTimestamp() + " ");
System.out.println("column Family:" + new String(CellUtil.cloneFamily(cell)) + " ");
System.out.println("row Name:" + new String(CellUtil.cloneQualifier(cell)) + " ");
System.out.println("value:" + new String(CellUtil.cloneValue(cell)) + " ");
}
}
public static void close() {
try {
if (admin != null) {
admin.close();
}
if (null != connection) {
connection.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
运行结果
Redis 数据库操作
Student 键值对如下:
zhangsan:{
English: 69
Math: 86
Computer: 77
}
lisi:{
English: 55
Math: 100
Computer: 88
}
根据上面给出的键值对,完成如下操作:
(1)用 Redis 的哈希结构设计出学生表 Student(键值可以用 student.zhangsan 和student.lisi 来表示两个键值属于同一个表);
(2)用 hgetall 命令分别输出 zhangsan 和 lisi 的成绩信息;
(3)用 hget 命令查询 zhangsan 的 Computer 成绩;
(4)修改 lisi 的 Math 成绩,改为 95
根据上面已经设计出的学生表 Student,用 Redis 的 JAVA 客户端编程(jedis),实现如下操作:
(1)添加数据:English:69 Math:86 Computer:77
scofield:{
English: 69
Math: 86
Computer: 77
}
package Main;
import java.util.Map;
import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;
public class main {
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
Jedis jedis = new Jedis("127.0.0.1:6379");
jedis.hset("student.scofield", "English","45");
jedis.hset("student.scofield", "Math","89");
jedis.hset("student.scofield", "Computer","100");
Map<String,String> value = jedis.hgetAll("student.scofield");
for(Map.Entry<String, String> entry:value.entrySet())
{
System.out.println(entry.getKey()+":"+entry.getValue());
}
}
}
(2)获取 scofield 的 English 成绩信息
package Main;
import java.util.Map;
import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;
public class main {
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
Jedis jedis = new Jedis("localhost");
jedis.hset("student.scofield", "English","45");
jedis.hset("student.scofield", "Math","89");
jedis.hset("student.scofield", "Computer","100");
Map<String,String> value = jedis.hgetAll("student.scofield");
for(Map.Entry<String, String> entry:value.entrySet())
{
System.out.println(entry.getKey()+":"+entry.getValue());
}
}
}
(四)MongoDB 数据库操作
Student 文档如下:
{
“name”: “zhangsan”, “score”: {“English”: 69, “Math”: 86, “Computer”: 77}
}
{
“name”: “lisi”, “score”: {“English”: 55, “Math”: 100,“Computer”: 88}
}
根据上面给出的文档,完成如下操作:
(1)用 MongoDB Shell 设计出 student 集合;
(2)用 find()方法输出两个学生的信息;
(3)用 find 函数查询 zhangsan 的所有成绩(只显示 score 列)
(4)修改 lisi 的 Math 成绩,改为 95。
根据上面已经设计出的 Student 集合,用 MongoDB 的 Java 客户端编程,实现如下操作:
(1)添加数据:English:45 Math:89 Computer:100
与上述数据对应的文档形式如下:
“name”: “scofield”,
“score”: {“English”: 45,“Math”: 89, “Computer”: 100}
package Main;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.bson.Document;
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
public class main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MongoClient mongoClient = new MongoClient("localhost", 27017);
MongoDatabase mongoDatabase = mongoClient.getDatabase("student");
MongoCollection<Document> collection = mongoDatabase.getCollection("student");
Document document = new Document("name", "scofield").
append("score", new Document("English", 45).
append("Math", 89).
append("Computer", 100));
List<Document> documents = new ArrayList<Document>();
documents.add(document);
collection.insertMany(documents);
System.out.println("文档插入成功");
}
}
(2)获取 scofield 的所有成绩成绩信息(只显示core)
package Main;
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoCursor;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
import org.bson.Document;
public class main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MongoClient mongoClient=new MongoClient("localhost",27017);
MongoDatabase mongoDatabase = mongoClient.getDatabase("student");
MongoCollection<Document> collection = mongoDatabase.getCollection("student");
MongoCursor<Document> cursor=collection.find( new Document("name","scofield")).
projection(new Document("score",1).append("_id", 0)).iterator();
while(cursor.hasNext())
System.out.println(cursor.next().toJson());
}
}