RAMDISK的FAT32支持

参考资料：

1.Microsoft Extensible Firmware Initiative FAT32 File System Specification

FAT文件的规格说明书，有人译成了中文版。

2.http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/138888/Getting-the-File-System-Image-and-Deleted-Data-Rec

This article describes the process of recovering of deleted data from the flash drive

3. 一个工具 HxD可以用来看磁盘的扇区。http://mh-nexus.de

 

几个难点问题：

1.FAT12,FAT16,FAT32

  FAT12是用来格式化小于4.1M的软盘的。

  FAT16最大支持2G的盘。

  FAT32，如果空间大于512M, Microsoft会用FAT32格式化此硬盘。>32.5时才有可能格式化成FAT32.

2.FAT文件系统的4个区域以及这四个区域开始扇区和大小的计算：

 0 – Reserved Region
 1 – FAT Region
 2 – Root Directory Region (doesn’t exist on FAT32 volumes)
 3 – File and Directory Data Region

第一个扇区也就是前512个字节需要根据FAT32和FAT的不同，用不同的结构来进行设置。FAT文件的规格说明书中有详细说明。

BPB_RsvdSecCnt:如果是FAT12/16，设置成1, 如果是FAT32,一般是设置成32.

BPB_RootEntCnt:如果是FAT12/16，设置成512, 如果是FAT32,一般是设置成0.

BPB_HiddSec:如果是FAT12/16，设置成0, 如果是FAT32,一般是设置成1.

 

FAT32所独有的数据：

BPB_RootClus:Thisis set to the cluster number of the first cluster of the root directory,usually 2 but not required to be 2.

BPB_FSInfo: Sector number of FSINFO structure in the reserved area of the FAT32 volume. Usually 1.当为1时，就在第一个512字节后面。

BPB_BkBootSec:,indicates the sector number in the reserved area of the volume of a copy of theboot record. Usually 6.

3.FAT表大小的计算和初始化

FAT表所占的扇区数计算：

RootDirSectors = ((BPB_RootEntCnt * 32) + (BPB_BytsPerSec – 1)) / BPB_BytsPerSec;
TmpVal1 = DskSize – (BPB_ResvdSecCnt + RootDirSectors);
TmpVal2 = (256 * BPB_SecPerClus) + BPB_NumFATs;
If(FATType == FAT32)
    TmpVal2 = TmpVal2 / 2;
FATSz = (TMPVal1 + (TmpVal2 – 1)) / TmpVal2;
If(FATType == FAT32) {
    BPB_FATSz16 = 0;
    BPB_FATSz32 = FATSz;
} else {
    BPB_FATSz16 = LOWORD(FATSz);
    /* there is no BPB_FATSz32 in a FAT16 BPB */
}

 

FAT表开始扇区计算:

如果是FAT12/16: 第二个扇区, 紧跟在0扇区后面。

如果是FAT32：BPB_RsvdSecCnt

 

4.BPB_FSInfo数据的设置

  BPB_FSInfo所在的扇区一般设置为1，这样可以直接根据设置值得到扇区位置。

 

5.root directory的初始化

所在扇区的计算：如果是FAT12/16: FirstRootDirSecNum = BPB_ResvdSecCnt + (BPB_NumFATs * BPB_FATSz16); 如果是FAT32:FirstRootDirSecNum =BPB_RootClus*BPB_SecPerClus

 

6.BPB_SecPerClus的设置

    struct DSKSZTOSECPERCLUS {
 DWORD DiskSize;
 BYTE SecPerClusVal;
    };

 /*
*This is the table for FAT16 drives. NOTE that this table includes
* entries for disk sizes larger than 512 MB even though typically
* only the entries for disks < 512 MB in size are used.
* The way this table is accessed is to look for the first entry
* in the table for which the disk size is less than or equal
* to the DiskSize field in that table entry.  For this table to
* work properly BPB_RsvdSecCnt must be 1, BPB_NumFATs
* must be 2, and BPB_RootEntCnt must be 512. Any of these values
* being different may require the first table entries DiskSize value
* to be changed otherwise the cluster count may be to low for FAT16.
   */
    DSKSZTOSECPERCLUS DskTableFAT16 [] = {
        {        8400,   0}, /* disks up to  4.1 MB, the 0 value for SecPerClusVal trips an error */
        {      32680,   2},  /* disks up to   16 MB,  1k cluster */
        {    262144,   4},   /* disks up to 128 MB,  2k cluster */
        {   524288,    8},   /* disks up to 256 MB,  4k cluster */
        { 1048576,  16},     /* disks up to 512 MB,  8k cluster */
        /* The entries after this point are not used unless FAT16 is forced */
        { 2097152,  32},     /* disks up to     1 GB, 16k cluster */
        { 4194304,  64},     /* disks up to     2 GB, 32k cluster */
        { 0xFFFFFFFF, 0} /* any disk greater than 2GB, 0 value for SecPerClusVal trips an error */
    };

/*
* This is the table for FAT32 drives. NOTE that this table includes
* entries for disk sizes smaller than 512 MB even though typically
* only the entries for disks >= 512 MB in size are used.
* The way this table is accessed is to look for the first entry
* in the table for which the disk size is less than or equal
* to the DiskSize field in that table entry. For this table to
* work properly BPB_RsvdSecCnt must be 32, and BPB_NumFATs
* must be 2. Any of these values being different may require the first
* table entries DiskSize value to be changed otherwise the cluster count
* may be to low for FAT32.
*/
    DSKSZTOSECPERCLUS DskTableFAT32 [] = {
        {       66600,   0},  /* disks up to 32.5 MB, the 0 value for SecPerClusVal trips an error */
        {     532480,   1},   /* disks up to 260 MB,  .5k cluster */
        { 16777216,   8},     /* disks up to     8 GB,    4k cluster */
        { 33554432, 16},      /* disks up to   16 GB,    8k cluster */
        { 67108864, 32},      /* disks up to   32 GB,  16k cluster */
        { 0xFFFFFFFF, 64}/* disks greater than 32GB, 32k cluster */
    };

由磁盘的大小可以根据上面的表来设置BPB_SecPerClus, 设置好后可以计算得到数据区的clusters,下面是Windows对数据区clusters的规定.

以下的代码并不用包含在RamDisk的驱动中。

RootDirSectors = ((BPB_RootEntCnt * 32) + (BPB_BytsPerSec – 1)) / BPB_BytsPerSec;
If(BPB_FATSz16 != 0)
    FATSz = BPB_FATSz16;
Else
    FATSz = BPB_FATSz32; 

If(BPB_TotSec16 != 0)
    TotSec = BPB_TotSec16;
Else
    TotSec = BPB_TotSec32;

DataSec = TotSec – (BPB_ResvdSecCnt + (BPB_NumFATs * FATSz) + RootDirSectors);

CountofClusters = DataSec / BPB_SecPerClus;

If(CountofClusters < 4085) {
/* Volume is FAT12 */
} else if(CountofClusters < 65525) {
    /* Volume is FAT16 */
} else {
    /* Volume is FAT32 */
}

This is the one and only way that FAT type is determined. There is no such thing as a FAT12 volume that has more than 4084 clusters. There is no such thing as a FAT16 volume that has less than 4085 clusters or more than 65,524 clusters. There is no such thing as a FAT32 volume that has less than 65,525 clusters. If you try to make a FAT volume that violates this rule, Microsoft operating systems will not handle them correctly because they will think the volume has a different type of FAT than what you think it does.