介绍断言之前,我们先测试1个接口
案例接口地址:https://www.v2ex.com/api/nodes/show.json?name=python
-
Method: GET
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Authentication: None
做测试的同学,我相信每个人都知道断言,就是结果和预期对比,如果一致,则用例通过,如果不一致,断言失败,用例失败。那么上面这个接口我们如何用postman来进行断言呢?也很简单,用到postman tests 这个模块。
那么上面的接口我们如何断言呢?很简单,从响应内容做断言。比如我们可以断言 id=90,url = "http://www.v2ex.com/go/python",状态码等于200
我们在tests输入框填写:
| pm.test( "Status code is 200" , function () { pm.response.to.have.status(200); }); //断言状态码是200 var jsonData = JSON.parse(responseBody); tests[ "Check respose id value" ] = jsonData.id === 90; //断言id是90 tests[ "Check respose url value" ] = jsonData.url === "http://www.v2ex.com/go/python" ; //断言url |
操作步骤:1、填写断言 2、点击send
查看断言结果:
当然上面断言是比较简单的断言,如果返回的数据如下所示,我们应该如何断言呢?
{
"status": 1,
"message": "success",
"data": [
{
"id": 1,
"title": "乡愁",
"author": "余光中",
"content": "小时候,乡愁是一枚小小的邮票,我在这头,母亲在那头。长大后,乡愁是一张窄窄的船票,我在这头,新娘在那头"
},
{
"id": 5,
"title": "乡愁",
"author": "余光中",
"content": "小时候,乡愁是一枚小小的邮票,我在这头,母亲在那头。长大后,乡愁是一张窄窄的船票,我在这头,新娘在那头"
}
]
}
跟上面断言不同的是,data里面可能有多个json格式的数据,如果我们想断言data里面第一个json应该如何断言呢?其实也非常简单,我们在tests输入框填写:
var jsonData = JSON.parse(responseBody);
tests["Check respose status value"] = jsonData.status === 1;
pm.test("判断data里面第一个json数据的id为1", function () {
var jsonData = pm.response.json();
pm.expect(jsonData.data[0].id).to.eql(1);});
postman常见断言方法介绍:
Setting an environment variable (设置一个环境变量)
1 | pm.environment.set( "variable_key" , "variable_value" ); |
Setting a nested object as an environment variable (将嵌套对象设置为环境变量)
| var array = [1, 2, 3, 4]; pm.environment.set( "array" , JSON.stringify(array, null , 2)); var obj = { a: [1, 2, 3, 4], b: { c: 'val' } }; pm.environment.set( "obj" , JSON.stringify(obj)); |
Getting an environment variable (获取环境变量)
1 | pm.environment.get( "variable_key" ) |
Getting an environment variable (whose value is a stringified object) 获取一个环境变量(其值是一个字符串化的对象)
| // These statements should be wrapped in a try-catch block if the data is coming from an unknown source. var array = JSON.parse(pm.environment.get( "array" )); var obj = JSON.parse(pm.environment.get( "obj" )); |
Clear an environment variable (清除一个环境变量)
1 | pm.environment.unset( "variable_key" ); |
Set a global variable (设置一个全局变量)
1 | pm.globals.set( "variable_key" , "variable_value" ); |
Get a global variable (获取一个全局变量)
1 | pm.globals.get( "variable_key" ); |
Clear a global variable (清除全局变量)
1 | pm.globals.unset( "variable_key" ); |
Get a variable (获取一个变量)
该函数在全局变量和活动环境中搜索变量。
1 | pm.variables.get( "variable_key" ); |
Check if response body contains a string (检查响应主体是否包含字符串)
1 2 3 | pm.test( "Body matches string" , function () { pm.expect(pm.response.text()).to.include( "string_you_want_to_search" ); }); |
Check if response body is equal to a string (检查响应主体是否等于一个字符串)
1 2 3 | pm.test( "Body is correct" , function () { pm.response.to.have.body( "response_body_string" ); }); |
Check for a JSON value (检查JSON值)
1 2 3 4 | pm.test( "Your test name" , function () { var jsonData = pm.response.json(); pm.expect(jsonData.value).to.eql(100); }); |
Content-Type is present (内容类型存在)
1 2 3 | pm.test( "Content-Type is present" , function () { pm.response.to.have.header( "Content-Type" ); }); |
Response time is less than 200ms (响应时间小于200ms)
1 2 3 | pm.test( "Response time is less than 200ms" , function () { pm.expect(pm.response.responseTime).to.be.below(200); }); |
Status code is 200 (状态码是200)
1 2 3 | pm.test( "Status code is 200" , function () { pm.response.to.have.status(200); }); |
Code name contains a string (代码名称包含一个字符串)
1 2 3 | pm.test( "Status code name has string" , function () { pm.response.to.have.status( "Created" ); }); |
Successful POST request status code (成功的POST请求状态码)
1 2 3 | pm.test( "Successful POST request" , function () { pm.expect(pm.response.code).to.be.oneOf([201,202]); }); |
Use TinyValidator for JSON data (对于JSON数据使用TinyValidator)
| var schema = { "items" : { "type" : "boolean" } }; var data1 = [ true , false ]; var data2 = [ true , 123]; pm.test( 'Schema is valid' , function () { pm.expect(tv4.validate(data1, schema)).to.be. true ; pm.expect(tv4.validate(data2, schema)).to.be. true ; }); |
Decode base64 encoded data (解码base64编码的数据)
| var intermediate, base64Content, // assume this has a base64 encoded value rawContent = base64Content.slice( 'data:application/octet-stream;base64,' .length); intermediate = CryptoJS.enc.Base64.parse(base64content); // CryptoJS is an inbuilt object, documented here: https://www.npmjs.com/package/crypto-js pm.test( 'Contents are valid' , function () { pm.expect(CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.stringify(intermediate)).to.be. true ; // a check for non-emptiness }); |
Send an asynchronous request (发送异步请求)
该功能既可以作为预先请求,也可以作为测试脚本使用。
| pm.sendRequest( "https://postman-echo.com/get" , function (err, response) { console.log(response.json()); }); |
Convert XML body to a JSON object (将XML正文转换为JSON对象)
1 | var jsonObject = xml2Json(responseBody); |
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