网络编程学习：tcp/ip编程

tcp与udp的比较分析

tcp ：不记录消息边界
udp：记录消息边界

        用到的结构体
    struct sockaddr_un
    {
      __SOCKADDR_COMMON (sun_);
                        =====》#define __SOCKADDR_COMMON(sa_prefix) sa_family_t sa_prefix##family
                               =====》int sun_family;
                               =====》协议族 AF_UNIX

      char sun_path[108];    //进行本地通信的路径名   
    };     

    例子：
    struct sockaddr_un serveraddr;

    serveraddr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
    //serveraddr.sun_path = "server_socket";
    strcpy(serveraddr.sun_path,  “server_socket”);

3、UDP本地通信
流程：
服务器：
创建套接字 socket
填充本地信息结构体 sockaddr_un
绑定套接字 bind
通信 recvfrom/sendto
客户端：
创建套接字 socket
填充本地信息结构体 sockaddr_un
通信 sendto/recvfrom （如果需要接受服务器的信息，需要绑定）

4、TCP本地通信

服务器（server）

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/un.h>

//实现tcp本地通信服务器

#define N 128

#define errlog(errmsg) do{perror(errmsg); exit(1);}while(0)

int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
    int sockfd;
    struct sockaddr_un serveraddr, clientaddr;
    int acceptfd;
    char buf[N] = {};
    socklen_t addrlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_un);

    //创建套接字 socket
    if((sockfd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0)
    {
        errlog("fail to socket");
    }

    //填充本地信息结构体 sockaddr_un
    serveraddr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
    strcpy(serveraddr.sun_path, "server_socket");

    //绑定套接字 bind
    if(bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&serveraddr, sizeof(serveraddr)) < 0)
    {
        errlog("fail to bind");
    }

    //将套接字设置为监听状态 listen
    if(listen(sockfd, 10) < 0)
    {
        errlog("fail to listen");
    }

    //阻塞等待客户端的连接请求 accept
    if((acceptfd = accept(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&clientaddr, &addrlen)) < 0)
    {
        errlog("fail to accept");
    }

    //通信 recv/send
    while(1)
    {
        if(recv(acceptfd, buf, N, 0) < 0)
        {
            errlog("fail to recv");
        }

        printf("from client >>> %s\n", buf);

        strcat(buf, " from client ...");

        if(send(acceptfd, buf, N, 0) < 0)
        {
            errlog("fail to send");
        }
    }

    close(acceptfd);
    close(sockfd);

    return 0;
}

客户端（client）

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/un.h>

//实现tcp本地通信客户端

#define N 128

#define errlog(errmsg) do{perror(errmsg); exit(1);}while(0)

int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
    int sockfd;
    struct sockaddr_un serveraddr;
    int acceptfd;
    char buf[N] = {};
    socklen_t addrlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_un);

    //创建套接字 socket
    if((sockfd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0)
    {
        errlog("fail to socket");
    }

    //填充本地信息结构体 sockaddr_un
    serveraddr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
    strcpy(serveraddr.sun_path, "server_socket");


    //发送客户端的连接请求 connect
    if(connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&serveraddr, addrlen) < 0)
    {
        errlog("fail to connect");
    }

    //通信 recv/send
    while(1)
    {
        fgets(buf, N, stdin);
        buf[strlen(buf) - 1] = '\0';

        if(send(sockfd, buf, N, 0) < 0)
        {
            errlog("fail to send");
        }

        if(recv(sockfd, buf, N, 0) < 0)
        {
            errlog("fail to recv");
        }

        printf("%s\n", buf);
    }

    close(sockfd);

    return 0;
}

4、UDP本地通信

服务器（server）

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/un.h>

#define N 128

#define errlog(errmsg) do{perror(errmsg); exit(1);}while(0)

int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
    int sockfd;
    struct sockaddr_un serveraddr, clientaddr;
    socklen_t addrlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_un);
    char buf[N] = {};

    //memset bzero 清空结构体（初始化）

    //创建套接字
    if((sockfd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0)
    {
        errlog("fail to socket");
    }

    //填充本地信息结构体
    serveraddr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
    strcpy(serveraddr.sun_path, "server_socket");

    //将套接字与IP地址和端口号绑定
    if(bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&serveraddr, sizeof(serveraddr)) < 0)
    {
        errlog("fail to bind");
    }

    while(1)
    {
        if(recvfrom(sockfd, buf, N, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&clientaddr, &addrlen) < 0)
        {
            errlog("fail to recvfrom");
        }

        if(strncmp(buf, "quit", 4) == 0)
        {
            break;
        }
        else
        {
            printf("from client %s\n", buf);

            strcat(buf, " from server...");

            if(sendto(sockfd, buf, N, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&clientaddr, sizeof(clientaddr)) < 0)
            {
                errlog("fail to sendto");
            }
        }


    }
    close(sockfd);

    return 0;
}

客户端（client）

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/un.h>

#define N 128

#define errlog(errmsg) do{perror(errmsg); exit(1);}while(0)

int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
    int sockfd;
    struct sockaddr_un serveraddr, clientaddr;
    char buf[N] = {};

    socklen_t addrlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_un);

    //创建套接字
    if((sockfd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0)
    {
        errlog("fail to socket");
    }

    //填充网络信息结构体
    serveraddr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
    strcpy(serveraddr.sun_path, "server_socket");

    //填充客户端网络信息结构体
    clientaddr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
    strcpy(clientaddr.sun_path, "client_socket");

    //绑定客户端的信息
    if(bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&clientaddr, addrlen) < 0)
    {
        errlog("fail to bind");
    }

    while(1)
    {
        fgets(buf, N, stdin);
        buf[strlen(buf) - 1] = '\0';

        if(sendto(sockfd, buf, N, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&serveraddr, sizeof(serveraddr)) < 0)
        {
            errlog("fail to sendto");
        }
        if(strncmp(buf, "quit", 4) == 0)
        {
            break;
        }
        else
        {
            if(recvfrom(sockfd, buf, N, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&serveraddr, &addrlen) < 0)
            {
                errlog("fail to recvfrom");
            }
            printf("%s\n", buf);
        }

    }

    close(sockfd);
    return 0;
}