Linux系统基础设置与命令（一）-CSDN博客

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.116.132 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.116.255 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe27:976b prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 00:0c:29:27:97:6b txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 3680 bytes 2044437 (1.9 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 1693 bytes 1085031 (1.0 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host> loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.122.255 ether 52:54:00:04:ed:c1 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

②ip a 查看所有网卡，包括未启用的：

[root@localhost ~]# ip a 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:27:97:6b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.116.132/24 brd 192.168.116.255 scope global dynamic ens33 valid_lft 1700sec preferred_lft 1700sec inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe27:976b/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 52:54:00:04:ed:c1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 52:54:00:04:ed:c1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

③查看指定网卡参数：

ifconfig 网卡名称：（例如ifconfig ens33）

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33 ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.116.132 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.116.255 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe27:976b prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 00:0c:29:27:97:6b txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 10568 bytes 2618885 (2.4 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 19796 bytes 26168963 (24.9 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

(3)查看CPU信息

①cat /proc/cpuinfo：

[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 183 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-14650HX stepping : 1 microcode : 0xffffffff cpu MHz : 2419.200 cache size : 30720 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 1 core id : 0 cpu cores : 1 apicid : 0 initial apicid : 0 fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 32 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon rep_good nopl xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch invpcid_single ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rdseed adx smap clflushopt clwb sha_ni xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 arat umip gfni vaes vpclmulqdq movdiri movdir64b md_clear spec_ctrl intel_stibp flush_l1d arch_capabilities bogomips : 4838.40 clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 45 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management:

②lscpu：

[root@localhost etc]# lscpu
Architecture: x86_64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian
CPU(s): 1
On-line CPU(s) list: 0
Thread(s) per core: 1
Core(s) per socket: 1
座： 1
NUMA 节点： 1
厂商 ID： GenuineIntel
CPU 系列： 6
型号： 183
型号名称： Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-14650HX
步进： 1
CPU MHz： 2419.200
BogoMIPS： 4838.40
超管理器厂商： VMware
虚拟化类型：完全
L1d 缓存： 48K
L1i 缓存： 32K
L2 缓存： 2048K
L3 缓存： 30720K
NUMA 节点0 CPU： 0
Flags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon rep_good nopl xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch invpcid_single ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rdseed adx smap clflushopt clwb sha_ni xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 arat umip gfni vaes vpclmulqdq movdiri movdir64b md_clear spec_ctrl intel_stibp flush_l1d arch_capabilities

(4)查看内存信息

①cat /proc/meminfo：

[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 1863004 kB MemFree: 71976 kB MemAvailable: 699472 kB Buffers: 1084 kB Cached: 752048 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 697864 kB Inactive: 616088 kB Active(anon): 561752 kB Inactive(anon): 14084 kB Active(file): 136112 kB Inactive(file): 602004 kB Unevictable: 0 kB Mlocked: 0 kB SwapTotal: 2097148 kB SwapFree: 2097148 kB Dirty: 8 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 560840 kB Mapped: 152620 kB Shmem: 15016 kB Slab: 104432 kB SReclaimable: 40936 kB SUnreclaim: 63496 kB KernelStack: 10944 kB PageTables: 38136 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 3028648 kB Committed_AS: 4075660 kB VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB VmallocUsed: 221860 kB VmallocChunk: 34359277564 kB Percpu: 56320 kB HardwareCorrupted: 0 kB AnonHugePages: 186368 kB CmaTotal: 0 kB CmaFree: 0 kB HugePages_Total: 0 HugePages_Free: 0 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 2048 kB DirectMap4k: 122752 kB DirectMap2M: 1974272 kB DirectMap1G: 0 kB [root@localhost ~]# ^C [root@localhost ~]# lsmem RANGE SIZE STATE REMOVABLE BLOCK 0x0000000000000000-0x0000000067ffffff 1.6G online 否 0-12 0x0000000068000000-0x000000006fffffff 128M online 是 13 0x0000000070000000-0x000000007fffffff 256M online 否 14-15

Memory block size: 128M Total online memory: 2G Total offline memory: 0B

②lsmem 查看物理内存：

[root@localhost etc]# lsmem
RANGE SIZE STATE REMOVABLE BLOCK
0x0000000000000000-0x0000000067ffffff 1.6G online 否 0-12
0x0000000068000000-0x000000006fffffff 128M online 是 13
0x0000000070000000-0x000000007fffffff 256M online 否 14-15

Memory block size: 128M
Total online memory: 2G
Total offline memory: 0B

(5）查看内存的使用情况

free -m（m指兆，-g因为Linux不显示浮点数不用）：

root@localhost ~]# free -m total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 1819 973 70 14 775 683 Swap: 2047 0 2047

(6）查看磁盘使用情况

df -Th：

[root@localhost etc]# df -Th
文件系统类型容量已用可用已用% 挂载点
devtmpfs devtmpfs 894M 0 894M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 910M 11M 900M 2% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 50G 4.2G 46G 9% /
/dev/mapper/centos-home xfs 147G 33M 147G 1% /home
/dev/sda1 xfs 1014M 185M 830M 19% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 182M 40K 182M 1% /run/user/0

(7）关机命令

poweroff

shutdown now

init 0

(8）重启命令

reboot

shutdown -r

init 6

(9）切换目录

cd:

root@localhost ~]# cd /etc [root@localhost etc]#

(10）查看目录内容

①dir

[root@localhost etc]# dir abrt mcelog adjtime mke2fs.conf aliases modprobe.d aliases.db modules-load.d alsa motd alternatives mtab anacrontab mtools.conf asound.conf multipath at.deny my.cnf audisp my.cnf.d audit nanorc avahi ndctl bash_completion.d netconfig bashrc NetworkManager binfmt.d networks bluetooth nfs.conf brltty nfsmount.conf brltty.conf nsswitch.conf centos-release nsswitch.conf.bak centos-release-upstream ntp chkconfig.d numad.conf chrony.conf oddjob chrony.keys oddjobd.conf cifs-utils oddjobd.conf.d cron.d openldap cron.daily opt cron.deny os-release cron.hourly PackageKit cron.monthly pam.d crontab papersize cron.weekly passwd crypttab passwd- csh.cshrc pbm2ppa.conf csh.login pinforc cups pkcs11 cupshelpers pki dbus-1 plymouth dconf pm default pnm2ppa.conf depmod.d polkit-1 dhcp popt.d DIR_COLORS postfix DIR_COLORS.256color ppp DIR_COLORS.lightbgcolor prelink.conf.d dleyna-server-service.conf printcap dnsmasq.conf profile dnsmasq.d profile.d dracut.conf protocols dracut.conf.d pulse e2fsck.conf purple egl python enscript.cfg qemu-ga environment qemu-kvm ethertypes radvd.conf exports ras exports.d rc0.d favicon.png rc1.d fcoe rc2.d festival rc3.d filesystems rc4.d firefox rc5.d firewalld rc6.d flatpak rc.d fonts rc.local fprintd.conf rdma fstab redhat-release fuse.conf request-key.conf fwupd request-key.d gconf resolv.conf gcrypt rpc gdbinit rpm gdbinit.d rsyncd.conf gdm rsyslog.conf geoclue rsyslog.d GeoIP.conf rwtab ghostscript rwtab.d glvnd samba gnupg sane.d GREP_COLORS sasl2 groff scl group securetty group- security grub2.cfg selinux grub.d services gshadow sestatus.conf gshadow- setroubleshoot gss setuptool.d gssproxy sgml host.conf shadow hostname shadow- hosts shells hosts.allow skel hosts.deny smartmontools hp sos.conf idmapd.conf speech-dispatcher init.d ssh inittab ssl inputrc statetab iproute2 statetab.d ipsec.conf subgid ipsec.d subuid ipsec.secrets subversion iscsi sudo.conf issue sudoers issue.net sudoers.d java sudo-ldap.conf jvm sysconfig jvm-commmon sysctl.conf kdump.conf sysctl.d kernel systemd krb5.conf system-release krb5.conf.d system-release-cpe ksmtuned.conf tcsd.conf ld.so.cache terminfo ld.so.conf tmpfiles.d ld.so.conf.d trusted-key.key libaudit.conf tuned libblockdev udev libibverbs.d udisks2 libnl unbound libpaper.d updatedb.conf libreport UPower libuser.conf usb_modeswitch.conf libvirt vconsole.conf locale.conf vimrc localtime virc login.defs vmware-tools logrotate.conf wgetrc logrotate.d wpa_supplicant lsm wvdial.conf lvm X11 machine-id xdg magic xinetd.d mail.rc xml makedumpfile.conf.sample yum man_db.conf yum.conf maven yum.repos.d