Python编程：从入门到实践(第七章)

函数input() 的工作原理

message = input("Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you: ")
//intput 显示字符串里面的值，然后让你输入一个值
print(message)

Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you: Hello everyone!
Hello everyone!

提示可能超过一行， 例如， 你可能需要指出获取特定输入的原因。 在这种情况下， 可将提示存储在一个变量中， 再将该变量传递给函数input() 。 这样， 即便提示超过一行， input() 语句也非常清晰。

prompt = "If you tell us who you are, we can personalize the messages you see."
prompt += "\nWhat is your first name? "
name = input(prompt)
print("\nHello, " + name + "!")

If you tell us who you are, we can personalize the messages you see.
What is your first name? Eric
Hello, Eric!

>>> age = input("How old are you? ")//输入21 ，python 解读成字符串
How old are you? 21
❶ >>> age = int(age)//类型转换
>>> age >= 18
True

处理数值信息时， 求模运算符 （%） 是一个很有用的工具， 它将两个数相除并返回余数

>>> 4 % 3
1>
>> 5 % 3
2>
>> 6 % 3
0>
>> 7 % 3
1

while 循环简介

current_number = 1
while current_number <= 5:
print(current_number)
current_number += 1

1 
2 
3 
4 
5

prompt = "\nTell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:"
prompt += "\nEnter 'quit' to end the program. "
❷ message = ""
❸ while message != 'quit':
message = input(prompt)
print(message)

Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:
Enter 'quit' to end the program. Hello everyone!
Hello everyone!
Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:
Enter 'quit' to end the program. Hello again.
Hello again.
Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:
Enter 'quit' to end the program. quit
quit

使用标志

prompt = "\nTell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:"
prompt += "\nEnter 'quit' to end the program. "
❶ active = True//此时active 为标志
❷ while active:
message = input(prompt)
❸ if message == 'quit':
active = False
❹ else:
print(message

使用break 退出循环

prompt = "\nPlease enter the name of a city you have visited:"
prompt += "\n(Enter 'quit' when you are finished.) "
❶ while True:
 city = input(prompt)
 if city == 'quit':
    break//遇到break 跳出while
 else:
   print("I'd love to go to " + city.title() + "!")

注意 在任何Python循环中都可使用break 语句。 例如， 可使用break 语句来退出遍历列表或字典的for 循环。

在循环中使用continue

current_number = 0
while current_number < 10:
❶ current_number += 1
if current_number % 2 == 0:
continue//如果if true ，则直接返回  while 的判断语句
print(current_number)

删除包含特定值的所有列表元素
我们使用函数remove() 来删除列表中的特定值， 这之所以可行， 是因为要删除的值在列表中只出现了一次

pets = ['dog', 'cat', 'dog', 'goldfish', 'cat', 'rabbit', 'cat']
print(pets)
while 'cat' in pets:
pets.remove('cat')
print(pets)

['dog', 'cat', 'dog', 'goldfish', 'cat', 'rabbit', 'cat']
['dog', 'dog', 'goldfish', 'rabbit']

使用用户输入来填充字典

responses = {}
# 设置一个标志， 指出调查是否继续
polling_active = True
while polling_active:
# 提示输入被调查者的名字和回答
❶ name = input("\nWhat is your name? ")
response = input("Which mountain would you like to climb someday? ")
# 将答卷存储在字典中
❷ responses[name] = response
# 看看是否还有人要参与调查
❸ repeat = input("Would you like to let another person respond? (yes/ no) ")
if repeat == 'no':
polling_active = False
# 调查结束， 显示结果
print("\n--- Poll Results ---")
❹ for name, response in responses.items():
print(name + " would like to climb " + response + ".")

What is your name? Eric
Which mountain would you like to climb someday? Denali
Would you like to let another person respond? (yes/ no) yes
What is your name? Lynn
Which mountain would you like to climb someday? Devil's Thumb
Would you like to let another person respond? (yes/ no) no
--- Poll Results ---
Lynn would like to climb Devil's Thumb.
Eric would like to climb Denali.