过滤器Filter和监听器Listener

过滤器

所谓的过滤器就是用来过滤前端发送过来的请求的数据信息的，就比如现在我们想要改变响应内容的编码，我们肯定是在Servlet中设置编码格式，但是这样的话，我们每次都要写那几句话，我们当然希望有一个中间件帮我们做了一劳永逸，这个时候过滤器就来了，包括什么密码校验都是通过这个做的

这里我们简单写了一个Demo

package com.mrli.servlet;


import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.http.*;

import java.io.IOException;

public class Demo extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException, IOException {
        resp.getWriter().write("你好世界!");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

现在我们通过过滤器来做，我们写Servlet我们需要实现Servlet接口，我们要使用过滤器当然也要实现Filter接口

这里需要注意，如果你使用的Tomcat10以上的版本，所有的javax包都被改成了jakarta，具体请看这一篇 https://blog.csdn.net/APCSZDDXM/article/details/122607014?spm=1001.2014.300

package com.mrli.servlet;


import jakarta.servlet.*;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;


public class CharacterEncodingFilter implements Filter {
    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        System.out.printf("CharacterEncodingFilter初始化");
    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException, UnsupportedEncodingException {
        servletRequest.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        servletResponse.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        servletResponse.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");

        System.out.println("前");
        //这里一定要用filterChain调用它自己的doFilter对象让代码往下走，否则代码执行到这里就会停住，因为我们是可以有多个过滤器的
        filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);
        System.out.println("后");
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.printf("CharacterEncodingFilter销毁");
    }
}

注册一下过滤器

使用了jakarta包之后，filter-class会报红，目前我也暂时没有找到原因，但是Tomcat可以正常运行。

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
        "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
        "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
          http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
         version="3.0">
    <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>demo</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.mrli.servlet.Demo</servlet-class>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>demo</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/demo</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>demo</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/servlet/demo</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <filter>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>com.mrli.servlet.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>

    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/servlet/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
</web-app>

监听器

package com.mrli.servlet;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletContext;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener;

public class ListenerServlet implements HttpSessionListener {
    @Override
    public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent se) {
        ServletContext servletContext = se.getSession().getServletContext();
        Integer onlinePeople= (Integer) servletContext.getAttribute("OnlinePeople");
        if(onlinePeople==null){
            onlinePeople=new Integer(1);
        }else{
            int i = onlinePeople.intValue();
            onlinePeople=new Integer(i+1);
        }
        servletContext.setAttribute("OnlinePeople",onlinePeople);
    }

    @Override
    public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent se) {
        ServletContext servletContext = se.getSession().getServletContext();
        Integer onlinePeople= (Integer) servletContext.getAttribute("OnlinePeople");

        if(onlinePeople==null){
            onlinePeople=new Integer(0);
        }else{
            int i = onlinePeople.intValue();
            onlinePeople=new Integer(i-1);
        }
        servletContext.setAttribute("OnlinePeople",onlinePeople);
        
        
        //session的销毁方式有两种：
        //1.手动销毁  invalidate()
        //2.自动销毁  在web.xml中配置<session-config>
    }
}

这个监听器也是需要注册的

<listener>
        <listener-class>com.mrli.servlet.ListenerServlet</listener-class>
</listener>

给一个窗口添加事件监听

package com.mrli.servlet;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestPanel {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();//创建一个窗口
        Panel panel = new Panel(null);//创建一个面板，并使用null布局

        frame.setLayout(null);//窗口的布局使用null

        frame.setBounds(0,0,400,400);//设置窗口的初始位置和大小
        frame.setBackground(new Color(125,200,0));//设置窗口的背景颜色

        panel.setBounds(50,50,200,200);//设置面板的初始位置和大小
        panel.setBackground(new Color(125,0,125));//设置面板的背景颜色

        frame.add(panel);//将面板添加到窗口中
        frame.setVisible(true);//是窗口可见

        //给窗口添加监听
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.out.println("关闭ing");
                System.exit(0);//正常推出程序
            }
        });
    }
}