Docker Compose
简介
官方介绍
Compose is a tool for defining and running multi-container Docker applications. With Compose, you use a YAML file to configure your application’s services. Then, with a single command, you create and start all the services from your configuration. To learn more about all the features of Compose, see the list of features.
Compose是一个用于定义和运行多容器Docker应用程序的工具。使用Compose,您可以使用一个YAML文件来配置应用程序的服务。然后,使用一个命令,您可以从您的配置中创建并启动所有的服务。要了解有关Compose的所有特性的更多信息,请参见 the list of features。
Compose works in all environments: production, staging, development, testing, as well as CI workflows. You can learn more about each case in Common Use Cases.
Compose可以在所有环境中工作:生产、阶段、开发、测试,以及CI工作流。你可以了解更多关于每个案例
Using Compose is basically a three-step process:
使用Compose基本上有三个步骤:
-
Define your app’s environment with a
Dockerfile
so it can be reproduced anywhere.用
Dockerfile
定义你的应用程序的环境,这样它就可以在任何地方复制。 -
Define the services that make up your app in
docker-compose.yml
so they can be run together in an isolated environment.在
docker-compose.yml
中定义组成应用程序的服务。这样它们就可以在一个独立的环境中一起运行。 -
Run
docker-compose up
and Compose starts and runs your entire app.运行
docker-compose up
和Compose启动并运行整个应用程序。作用:批量容器编排
理解
compose是docker官方的开源项目。需要安装
Dockerfile
让程序在任何地方运行。例:web服务、redis、mysql、nginx… 多个容器编排要写很多dockerfile
Compose 规范
version: "3.8"
services:
web:
build: .
ports:
- "5000:5000"
volumes:
- .:/code
- logvolume01:/var/log
links:
- redis
redis:
image: redis
volumes:
logvolume01: {}
docker-compose up 可以启动多服务。
Compose:重要概念。
- 服务serverces,容器应用,(web、redis、mysql)
- 项目project,一组关联的容器。例:博客? LNMP
安装compose
1.下载
# 官方地址
curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.27.4/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
ln -s /usr/local/bin/docker-compose /usr/bin/docker-compose
docker-compose --version
docker-compose version 1.27.4, build 40524192
快速使用
1.创建一个文件夹
mkdir composetest
cd composetest
2.在你的项目目录中创建一个名为app.py的文件,并粘贴到:
vim app.py
import time
import redis
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)
cache = redis.Redis(host='redis', port=6379)
def get_hit_count():
retries = 5
while True:
try:
return cache.incr('hits')
except redis.exceptions.ConnectionError as exc:
if retries == 0:
raise exc
retries -= 1
time.sleep(0.5)
@app.route('/')
def hello():
count = get_hit_count()
return 'Hello World! I have been seen {} times.\n'.format(count)
3.在您的proiect目录中创建另一个名为requirements.txt的文件,并粘贴到:
vim requirements.txt
flask
redis
4.创建dockerfile
vim Dockerfile
FROM python:3.7-alpine
WORKDIR /code
ENV FLASK_APP=app.py
ENV FLASK_RUN_HOST=0.0.0.0
RUN apk add --no-cache gcc musl-dev linux-headers
COPY requirements.txt requirements.txt
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
EXPOSE 5000
COPY . .
CMD ["flask", "run"]
5.定义一个服务
vim docker-compose.yml
version: "3.8"
services:
web:
build: .
ports:
- "5000:5000"
redis:
image: "redis:alpine"
6.在当前文件夹启动docker-compose
docker-compose up -d
网络规则
比如说10个服务 项目(项目的内容都是在同一个网络下,域名访问)
如果在同一网络下,我们可以直接通过域名访问。
停止:docker-compose down 或者 ctrl+c
之前都是单个docker run 启动容器
docker-copose 通过docker-compose编写yaml配置文件,可以通过compose一键启动所有服务,停止!
yaml规则
官方参考文档:
https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/
# 3层
version "版本"
service #服务
服务1:web
# 服务配置
container_name: my-web-container # 容器名称
images
build
network
.......
服务2:mysql
.......
服务3:redis
# 其他配置 网络/卷,全局规则
volumes:
networks:
configs:
依赖顺序编排
学习、要掌握规律
多写、多看、compose.yaml配置
1.官方文档
https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/#depends_on
2.开源项目 compose.yaml
redis、mysql、MQ
实战 docker-compose WordPress
1.创建项目文件夹
mkdir wordpress
cd wordpress
2.编写docker-compose
version: '3.3'
services:
db:
image: mysql:5.7
container_name: mysql
volumes:
- db_data:/var/lib/mysql
restart: always
environment:
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: somewordpress
MYSQL_DATABASE: wordpress
MYSQL_USER: wordpress
MYSQL_PASSWORD: wordpress
wordpress:
depends_on:
- db
image: wordpress:latest
container_name: wordpress
ports:
- "8000:80"
restart: always
environment:
WORDPRESS_DB_HOST: db:3306
WORDPRESS_DB_USER: wordpress
WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD: wordpress
WORDPRESS_DB_NAME: wordpress
volumes:
db_data: {}
3.启动docker-compose
docker-compose up -d