一、首先动态代理区别与静态代理(关于代理模式,这里不做说明,有大量的博文在讲这个概念),是程序在运行过程中创建目标接口的代理实现类。
二、下面先看一段简单的代码:
Map map = (Map) Proxy.newProxyInstance(TestProxy.class.getClassLoader(), new Class[]{Map.class}, (proxy, method, args1) -> {
if (method.getName() == "get") {
return "world";
} else {
System.out.println("不支持该方法调用");
return null;
}
});
System.out.println("hello " + map.get("hello"));
map.put("a", "b");
这一段代码就创建了一个Map接口的动态代理类的实例,并调用了map的get和put方法。控制台输出如下:
这里发现一个奇怪的现象,我们并没有map接口的实现类,却得到了map对象,并调用了map接口的两个方法。
Java最基本的规则告诉我们,对象一定是一个实现类的实例,不可能直接创建一个接口的实例(即使是使用匿名内部类,也符合这条规则)。由这一点出发,我们可以判断Proxy类的newProxyInstance方法内部一定创建了一个Map接口的实现类,并被ClassLoader加载到了JVM,最后还创建了这个实现类的实例。下面对jdk源码的跟踪证实了这一设想:
1.创建Map接口的实现类。
追踪到Proxy.java 的第535行,可以发现jdk动态生成了Map接口的实现类,并加载到了JVM。
进一步从Proxy.java的538行追踪到ProxyGenerator类的第527行,会看到class类文件头的魔法数 CAFFBABE(这个魔法数还有个浪漫的故事),说明JDK确实在创建一个Map接口的实现类。
在调试Proxy.java第538行的时候执行如下代码,可以将JDK生成的类输出到proxy.class文件:
new FileOutputStream("/Users/XXX/Downloads/tt/proxy.class").write(proxyClassFile)
生成的calss文件反编译后结果如下:
package com.sun.proxy;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
import java.lang.reflect.UndeclaredThrowableException;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
import java.util.function.BiFunction;
import java.util.function.Function;
public final class $Proxy0 extends Proxy implements Map {
private static Method m1;
private static Method m21;
private static Method m5;
private static Method m3;
private static Method m4;
private static Method m22;
private static Method m0;
private static Method m7;
private static Method m16;
private static Method m24;
private static Method m8;
private static Method m17;
private static Method m9;
private static Method m20;
private static Method m2;
private static Method m14;
private static Method m23;
private static Method m19;
private static Method m25;
private static Method m6;
private static Method m10;
private static Method m11;
private static Method m12;
private static Method m18;
private static Method m15;
private static Method m13;
public $Proxy0(InvocationHandler var1) throws {
super(var1);
}
public final boolean equals(Object var1) throws {
try {
return (Boolean)super.h.invoke(this, m1, new Object[]{var1});
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var3) {
throw var3;
} catch (Throwable var4) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var4);
}
}
public final Object computeIfAbsent(Object var1, Function var2) throws {
try {
return (Object)super.h.invoke(this, m21, new Object[]{var1, var2});
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var4) {
throw var4;
} catch (Throwable var5) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var5);
}
}
public final Object get(Object var1) throws {
try {
return (Object)super.h.invoke(this, m5, new Object[]{var1});
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var3) {
throw var3;
} catch (Throwable var4) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var4);
}
}
public final Object remove(Object var1) throws {
try {
return (Object)super.h.invoke(this, m3, new Object[]{var1});
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var3) {
throw var3;
} catch (Throwable var4) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var4);
}
}
public final boolean remove(Object var1, Object var2) throws {
try {
return (Boolean)super.h.invoke(this, m4, new Object[]{var1, var2});
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var4) {
throw var4;
} catch (Throwable var5) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var5);
}
}
public final boolean containsValue(Object var1) throws {
try {
return (Boolean)super.h.invoke(this, m22, new Object[]{var1});
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var3) {
throw var3;
} catch (Throwable var4) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var4);
}
}
public final int hashCode() throws {
try {
return (Integer)super.h.invoke(this, m0, (Object[])null);
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var2) {
throw var2;
} catch (Throwable var3) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var3);
}
}
public final Collection values() throws {
try {
return (Collection)super.h.invoke(this, m7, (Object[])null);
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var2) {
throw var2;
} catch (Throwable var3) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var3);
}
}
public final void putAll(Map var1) throws {
try {
super.h.invoke(this, m16, new Object[]{var1});
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var3) {
throw var3;
} catch (Throwable var4) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var4);
}
}
public final Object getOrDefault(Object var1, Object var2) throws {
try {
return (Object)super.h.invoke(this, m24, new Object[]{var1, var2});
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var4) {
throw var4;
} catch (Throwable var5) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var5);
}
}
public final void clear() throws {
try {
super.h.invoke(this, m8, (Object[])null);
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var2) {
throw var2;
} catch (Throwable var3) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var3);
}
}
public final Object putIfAbsent(Object var1, Object var2) throws {
try {
return (Object)super.h.invoke(this, m17, new Object[]{var1, var2});
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var4) {
throw var4;
} catch (Throwable var5) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var5);
}
}
public final boolean isEmpty() throws {
try {
return (Boolean)super.h.invoke(this, m9, (Object[])null);
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var2) {
throw var2;
} catch (Throwable var3) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var3);
}
}
public final boolean containsKey(Object var1) throws {
try {
return (Boolean)super.h.invoke(this, m20, new Object[]{var1});
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var3) {
throw var3;
} catch (Throwable var4) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var4);
}
}
public final String toString() throws {
try {
return (String)super.h.invoke(this, m2, (Object[])null);
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var2) {
throw var2;
} catch (Throwable var3) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var3);
}
}
public final Object merge(Object var1, Object var2, BiFunction var3) throws {
try {
return (Object)super.h.invoke(this, m14, new Object[]{var1, var2, var3});
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var5) {
throw var5;
} catch (Throwable var6) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var6);
}
}
public final Set keySet() throws {
try {
return (Set)super.h.invoke(this, m23, (Object[])null);
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var2) {
throw var2;
} catch (Throwable var3) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var3);
}
}
public final void forEach(BiConsumer var1) throws {
try {
super.h.invoke(this, m19, new Object[]{var1});
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var3) {
throw var3;
} catch (Throwable var4) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var4);
}
}
public final Object computeIfPresent(Object var1, BiFunction var2) throws {
try {
return (Object)super.h.invoke(this, m25, new Object[]{var1, var2});
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var4) {
throw var4;
} catch (Throwable var5) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var5);
}
}
public final Object put(Object var1, Object var2) throws {
try {
return (Object)super.h.invoke(this, m6, new Object[]{var1, var2});
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var4) {
throw var4;
} catch (Throwable var5) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var5);
}
}
public final Object replace(Object var1, Object var2) throws {
try {
return (Object)super.h.invoke(this, m10, new Object[]{var1, var2});
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var4) {
throw var4;
} catch (Throwable var5) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var5);
}
}
public final boolean replace(Object var1, Object var2, Object var3) throws {
try {
return (Boolean)super.h.invoke(this, m11, new Object[]{var1, var2, var3});
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var5) {
throw var5;
} catch (Throwable var6) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var6);
}
}
public final void replaceAll(BiFunction var1) throws {
try {
super.h.invoke(this, m12, new Object[]{var1});
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var3) {
throw var3;
} catch (Throwable var4) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var4);
}
}
public final Object compute(Object var1, BiFunction var2) throws {
try {
return (Object)super.h.invoke(this, m18, new Object[]{var1, var2});
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var4) {
throw var4;
} catch (Throwable var5) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var5);
}
}
public final Set entrySet() throws {
try {
return (Set)super.h.invoke(this, m15, (Object[])null);
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var2) {
throw var2;
} catch (Throwable var3) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var3);
}
}
public final int size() throws {
try {
return (Integer)super.h.invoke(this, m13, (Object[])null);
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var2) {
throw var2;
} catch (Throwable var3) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var3);
}
}
static {
try {
m1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("equals", Class.forName("java.lang.Object"));
m21 = Class.forName("java.util.Map").getMethod("computeIfAbsent", Class.forName("java.lang.Object"), Class.forName("java.util.function.Function"));
m5 = Class.forName("java.util.Map").getMethod("get", Class.forName("java.lang.Object"));
m3 = Class.forName("java.util.Map").getMethod("remove", Class.forName("java.lang.Object"));
m4 = Class.forName("java.util.Map").getMethod("remove", Class.forName("java.lang.Object"), Class.forName("java.lang.Object"));
m22 = Class.forName("java.util.Map").getMethod("containsValue", Class.forName("java.lang.Object"));
m0 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("hashCode");
m7 = Class.forName("java.util.Map").getMethod("values");
m16 = Class.forName("java.util.Map").getMethod("putAll", Class.forName("java.util.Map"));
m24 = Class.forName("java.util.Map").getMethod("getOrDefault", Class.forName("java.lang.Object"), Class.forName("java.lang.Object"));
m8 = Class.forName("java.util.Map").getMethod("clear");
m17 = Class.forName("java.util.Map").getMethod("putIfAbsent", Class.forName("java.lang.Object"), Class.forName("java.lang.Object"));
m9 = Class.forName("java.util.Map").getMethod("isEmpty");
m20 = Class.forName("java.util.Map").getMethod("containsKey", Class.forName("java.lang.Object"));
m2 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("toString");
m14 = Class.forName("java.util.Map").getMethod("merge", Class.forName("java.lang.Object"), Class.forName("java.lang.Object"), Class.forName("java.util.function.BiFunction"));
m23 = Class.forName("java.util.Map").getMethod("keySet");
m19 = Class.forName("java.util.Map").getMethod("forEach", Class.forName("java.util.function.BiConsumer"));
m25 = Class.forName("java.util.Map").getMethod("computeIfPresent", Class.forName("java.lang.Object"), Class.forName("java.util.function.BiFunction"));
m6 = Class.forName("java.util.Map").getMethod("put", Class.forName("java.lang.Object"), Class.forName("java.lang.Object"));
m10 = Class.forName("java.util.Map").getMethod("replace", Class.forName("java.lang.Object"), Class.forName("java.lang.Object"));
m11 = Class.forName("java.util.Map").getMethod("replace", Class.forName("java.lang.Object"), Class.forName("java.lang.Object"), Class.forName("java.lang.Object"));
m12 = Class.forName("java.util.Map").getMethod("replaceAll", Class.forName("java.util.function.BiFunction"));
m18 = Class.forName("java.util.Map").getMethod("compute", Class.forName("java.lang.Object"), Class.forName("java.util.function.BiFunction"));
m15 = Class.forName("java.util.Map").getMethod("entrySet");
m13 = Class.forName("java.util.Map").getMethod("size");
} catch (NoSuchMethodException var2) {
throw new NoSuchMethodError(var2.getMessage());
} catch (ClassNotFoundException var3) {
throw new NoClassDefFoundError(var3.getMessage());
}
}
}
以上代码就是典型的代理模式了。2.创建动态代理类的实例
Proxy.java的第1022行,使用动态代理类的构造器创建实例