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JFreeChart教程一、jFreeChart产生图形的流程创建一个数据源(dataset)来包含将要在图形中显示的数据>>创建一个 JFreeChart 对象来代表要显示的图形 >>把图形输出 重要的类和接口: org.jfree.data.general.Dataset 所有数据源类都要实现的接口 org.jfree.chart.ChartFactory 由它来产生 JFreeChart 对象 org.jfree.chart.JFreeChart 所有对图形的调整都是通过它噢!! org.jfree.chart.plot.Plot 通过JFreeChart 对象获得它,然后再通过它对图形外部部分(例:坐标轴)调整 注意:它有很多子类,一般都下嗍造型到它的子类! org.jfree.chart.renderer.AbstractRenderer 通过JFreeChart 对象获得它,然后再通过它对图形内部部分 (例:折线的类型)调整。同样,针对不同类型的报表图,它有 着不同的子类实现!在下面我们简称它为 Renderer 下面我们结合不同类型的图形来具体分析这个流程。 二、饼图 饼图的dataset 一般是用PieDataset 接口,具体实现类是 DefaultPieDataset 1、创建一个数据源(dataset): private static PieDataset createDataset() { DefaultPieDataset defaultpiedataset = new DefaultPieDataset(); //注意是DefaultPieDataset!! defaultpiedataset.setValue(”One”, new Double(43.200000000000003D)); defaultpiedataset.setValue(”Two”, new Double(10D)); defaultpiedataset.setValue(”Three”, new Double(27.5D)); defaultpiedataset.setValue(”Four”, new Double(17.5D)); return defaultpiedataset; } 2、由ChartFactory 产生 JFreeChart 对象 private static JFreeChart createChart(PieDataset piedataset) { JFreeChart jfreechart = ChartFactory.createPieChart(”Pie Chart Demo 1″, //图形标题名称 piedataset, // dataset true, // legend? true, // tooltips? false); //URLs? PiePlot pieplot = (PiePlot)jfreechart.getPlot(); //通过JFreeChart 对象获得 plot:PiePlot!! pieplot.setNoDataMessage(”No data available”); // 没有数据的时候显示的内容 return jfreechart; } 一些重要的方法: pieplot.setExplodePercent(0,0.3D) //把Lable 为”One” 的那一块”挖”出来30% 3、输出略 三、柱状图 柱状图的dataset 一般是用CatagoryDataset接口(具体实现类是DefaultCategoryDataset),也会用 IntervalXYDataset 接口 1、创建一个数据源(dataset): private static CategoryDataset createDataset() { String series1 = “First”; String series2 = “Second”; String series3 = “Third”; String category1 = “Category 1″; String category2 = “Category 2″; String category3 = “Category 3″; String category4 = “Category 4″; String category5 = “Category 5″; DefaultCategoryDataset defaultcategorydataset = new DefaultCategoryDataset(); defaultcategorydataset.addValue(1.0D, series1, category1); defaultcategorydataset.addValue(4D, series1, category2); defaultcategorydataset.addValue(3D, series1, category3); defaultcategorydataset.addValue(5D, series1, category4); defaultcategorydataset.addValue(5D, series1, category5); defaultcategorydataset.addValue(5D, series2, category1); defaultcategorydataset.addValue(7D, series2, category2); defaultcategorydataset.addValue(6D, series2, category3); defaultcategorydataset.addValue(8D, series2, category4); defaultcategorydataset.addValue(4D, series2, category5); defaultcategorydataset.addValue(4D, series3, category1); defaultcategorydataset.addValue(3D, series3, category2); defaultcategorydataset.addValue(2D, series3, category3); defaultcategorydataset.addValue(3D, series3, category4); defaultcategorydataset.addValue(6D, series3, category5); return defaultcategorydataset; } 2、由ChartFactory 产生 JFreeChart 对象 private static JFreeChart createChart(CategoryDataset categorydataset) { JFreeChart jfreechart = ChartFactory.createBarChart(”Bar Chart Demo”, //图形标题名称 “Category”,//domain 轴 Lable 这里先简单理解为横坐标Lable好了 “Value”, //range 轴 Lable 这里也先简单理解为纵坐标Lable好了 categorydataset, // dataset PlotOrientation.VERTICAL, //垂直显示 true, // legend? true, // tooltips? false); //URLs? jfreechart.setBackgroundPaint(Color.white); //设定背景色为白色 CategoryPlot categoryplot = jfreechart.getCategoryPlot(); //获得 plot:CategoryPlot!! categoryplot.setBackgroundPaint(Color.lightGray); //设定图表数据显示部分背景色 categoryplot.setDomainGridlinePaint(Color.white); //横坐标网格线白色 categoryplot.setDomainGridlinesVisible(true); //可见 categoryplot.setRangeGridlinePaint(Color.white); //纵坐标网格线白色 //下面两行使纵坐标的最小单位格为整数 NumberAxis numberaxis = (NumberAxis)categoryplot.getRangeAxis(); numberaxis.setStandardTickUnits(NumberAxis.createIntegerTickUnits()); BarRenderer barrenderer = (BarRenderer)categoryplot.getRenderer(); //获得renderer 注意这里是下嗍造型 到BarRenderer!! barrenderer.setDrawBarOutline(false); // Bar的外轮廓线不画 GradientPaint gradientpaint = new GradientPaint(0.0F, 0.0F, Color.blue, 0.0F, 0.0F, new Color(0, 0, 64)); //设定特定颜色 GradientPaint gradientpaint1 = new GradientPaint(0.0F, 0.0F, Color.green, 0.0F, 0.0F, new Color(0, 64, 0)); GradientPaint gradientpaint2 = new GradientPaint(0.0F, 0.0F, Color.red, 0.0F, 0.0F, new Color(64, 0, 0)); barrenderer.setSeriesPaint(0, gradientpaint); //给series1 Bar设定上面定义的颜色 barrenderer.setSeriesPaint(1, gradientpaint1); //给series2 Bar 设定上面定义的颜色 barrenderer.setSeriesPaint(2, gradientpaint2); //给series3 Bar 设定上面定义的颜色 CategoryAxis categoryaxis = categoryplot.getDomainAxis(); //横轴上的 Lable 45度倾斜 categoryaxis.setCategoryLabelPositions(CategoryLabelPositions.UP_45); return jfreechart; } 一些重要的方法:(增加一块标记) IntervalMarker intervalmarker = new IntervalMarker(4.5D, 7.5D); intervalmarker.setLabel(”Target Range”); intervalmarker.setLabelFont(new Font(”SansSerif”, 2, 11)); intervalmarker.setLabelAnchor(RectangleAnchor.LEFT); intervalmarker.setLabelTextAnchor(TextAnchor.CENTER_LEFT); intervalmarker.setPaint(new Color(222, 222, 255, 128)); categoryplot.addRangeMarker(intervalmarker, Layer.BACKGROUND); 四、折线图 折线图的dataset 两种CatagoryDataset接口(具体实现类是DefaultCategoryDataset),XYDataset 接口 1、CatagoryDataset接口: A、创建一个数据源(dataset): private static CategoryDataset createDataset() { String series1 = “First”; String series2 = “Second”; String series3 = “Third”; String type1 = “Type 1″; String type2 = “Type 2″; String type3 = “Type 3″; String type4 = “Type 4″; String type5 = “Type 5″; String type6 = “Type 6″; String type7 = “Type 7″; String type8 = “Type 8″; DefaultCategoryDataset defaultcategorydataset = new DefaultCategoryDataset(); defaultcategorydataset.addValue(1.0D, series1, type1); defaultcategorydataset.addValue(4D, series1, type2); defaultcategorydataset.addValue(3D, series1, type3); defaultcategorydataset.addValue(5D, series1, type4); defaultcategorydataset.addValue(5D, series1, type5); defaultcategorydataset.addValue(7D, series1, type6); defaultcategorydataset.addValue(7D, series1, type7); defaultcategorydataset.addValue(8D, series1, type8); defaultcategorydataset.addValue(5D, series2, type1); defaultcategorydataset.addValue(7D, series2, type2); defaultcategorydataset.addValue(6D, series2, type3); defaultcategorydataset.addValue(8D, series2, type4); defaultcategorydataset.addValue(4D, series2, type5); defaultcategorydataset.addValue(4D, series2, type6); defaultcategorydataset.addValue(2D, series2, type7); defaultcategorydataset.addValue(1.0D, series2, type8); defaultcategorydataset.addValue(4D, series3, type1); defaultcategorydataset.addValue(3D, series3, type2); defaultcategorydataset.addValue(2D, series3, type3); defaultcategorydataset.addValue(3D, series3, type4); defaultcategorydataset.addValue(6D, series3, type5); defaultcategorydataset.addValue(3D, series3, type6); defaultcategorydataset.addValue(4D, series3, type7); defaultcategorydataset.addValue(3D, series3, type8); return defaultcategorydataset; } B、由ChartFactory 产生 JFreeChart 对象 (与上面重复的部分就不再注释) private static JFreeChart createChart(CategoryDataset categorydataset) { JFreeChart jfreechart = ChartFactory.createLineChart(”Line Chart Demo 1″, “Type”, “Value”, categorydataset, PlotOrientation.VERTICAL, true, true, false); jfreechart.setBackgroundPaint(Color.white); CategoryPlot categoryplot = (CategoryPlot)jfreechart.getPlot(); categoryplot.setBackgroundPaint(Color.lightGray); categoryplot.setRangeGridlinePaint(Color.white); NumberAxis numberaxis = (NumberAxis)categoryplot.getRangeAxis(); numberaxis.setStandardTickUnits(NumberAxis.createIntegerTickUnits()); numberaxis.setAutoRangeIncludesZero(true); //获得renderer 注意这里是下嗍造型到lineandshaperenderer!! LineAndShapeRenderer lineandshaperenderer = (LineAndShapeRenderer)categoryplot.getRenderer(); lineandshaperenderer.setShapesVisible(true); //series 点(即数据点)可见 lineandshaperenderer.setSeriesStroke(0, new BasicStroke(2.0F, 1, 1, 1.0F, new float[] { 10F, 6F }, 0.0F)); //定义series为”First”的(即series1)点之间的连线 ,这里是虚线,默认是直线 lineandshaperenderer.setSeriesStroke(1, new BasicStroke(2.0F, 1, 1, 1.0F, new float[] { 6F, 6F }, 0.0F)); //定义series为”Second”的(即series2)点之间的连线 lineandshaperenderer.setSeriesStroke(2, new BasicStroke(2.0F, 1, 1, 1.0F, new float[] { 2.0F, 6F }, 0.0F)); //定义series为”Third”的(即series3)点之间的连线 return jfreechart; } 一些重要的方法: lineandshaperenderer.setLineVisible(true) //series 点(即数据点)间有连线可见 2、XYDataset 接口: A、创建一个数据源(dataset): private static XYDataset createDataset() { XYSeries xyseries = new XYSeries(”First”); //先产生XYSeries 对象 xyseries.add(1.0D, 1.0D); xyseries.add(2D, 4D); xyseries.add(3D, 3D); xyseries.add(4D, 5D); xyseries.add(5D, 5D); xyseries.add(6D, 7D); xyseries.add(7D, 7D); xyseries.add(8D, 8D); XYSeries xyseries1 = new XYSeries(”Second”); xyseries1.add(1.0D, 5D); xyseries1.add(2D, 7D); xyseries1.add(3D, 6D); xyseries1.add(4D, 8D); xyseries1.add(5D, 4D); xyseries1.add(6D, 4D); xyseries1.add(7D, 2D); xyseries1.add(8D, 1.0D); XYSeries xyseries2 = new XYSeries(”Third”); xyseries2.add(3D, 4D); xyseries2.add(4D, 3D); xyseries2.add(5D, 2D); xyseries2.add(6D, 3D); xyseries2.add(7D, 6D); xyseries2.add(8D, 3D); xyseries2.add(9D, 4D); xyseries2.add(10D, 3D); XYSeriesCollection xyseriescollection = new XYSeriesCollection(); //再用XYSeriesCollection添加入XYSeries 对象 xyseriescollection.addSeries(xyseries); xyseriescollection.addSeries(xyseries1); xyseriescollection.addSeries(xyseries2); return xyseriescollection; } B、由ChartFactory 产生 JFreeChart 对象 private static JFreeChart createChart(XYDataset xydataset) { JFreeChart jfreechart = ChartFactory.createXYLineChart(”Line Chart Demo 2″, “X”, “Y”, xydataset, PlotOrientation.VERTICAL, true, true, false); jfreechart.setBackgroundPaint(Color.white); XYPlot xyplot = (XYPlot)jfreechart.getPlot(); //获得 plot:XYPlot!! xyplot.setBackgroundPaint(Color.lightGray); //设定图表数据显示部分背景色 xyplot.setAxisOffset(new RectangleInsets(5D, 5D, 5D, 5D)); //设定坐标轴与图表数据显示部分距离 xyplot.setDomainGridlinePaint(Color.white); //网格线颜色 xyplot.setRangeGridlinePaint(Color.white); //获得 renderer 注意这里是XYLineAndShapeRenderer !! XYLineAndShapeRenderer xylineandshaperenderer = (XYLineAndShapeRenderer)xyplot.getRenderer(); xylineandshaperenderer.setShapesVisible(true); //数据点可见 xylineandshaperenderer.setShapesFilled(true); //数据点被填充即不是空心点 NumberAxis numberaxis = (NumberAxis)xyplot.getRangeAxis(); numberaxis.setStandardTickUnits(NumberAxis.createIntegerTickUnits()); return jfreechart; } 一些重要的方法: XYLineAndShapeRenderer xylineandshaperenderer = new XYLineAndShapeRenderer(); xylineandshaperenderer.setSeriesLinesVisible(0, false); //第一个XYSeries数据点间连线不可见 xylineandshaperenderer.setSeriesShapesVisible(1, false); //第二个XYSeries数据点不可见 xyplot.setRenderer(xylineandshaperenderer); 五、时间序列图 时间序列图和折线图很相似,不同的是它在 domain轴的数据是时间而不是数字。 时间序列图的dataset 是 XYDataset 接口,具体实现类是TimeSeriesCollection ,和上面类似,有TimeSeries 对象,它被添加入 TimeSeriesCollection 。 1、创建一个数据源(dataset): private static XYDataset createDataset() { TimeSeries timeseries = new TimeSeries(”L&G European Index Trust”,Month.class); timeseries.add(new Month(2, 2001), 181.8D);//这里用的是Month.class,同样还有Day.class Year.class 等等 timeseries.add(new Month(3, 2001), 167.3D); timeseries.add(new Month(4, 2001), 153.8D); timeseries.add(new Month(5, 2001), 167.6D); timeseries.add(new Month(6, 2001), 158.8D); timeseries.add(new Month(7, 2001), 148.3D); timeseries.add(new Month(8, 2001), 153.9D); timeseries.add(new Month(9, 2001), 142.7D); timeseries.add(new Month(10, 2001), 123.2D); timeseries.add(new Month(11, 2001), 131.8D); timeseries.add(new Month(12, 2001), 139.6D); timeseries.add(new Month(1, 2002), 142.9D); timeseries.add(new Month(2, 2002), 138.7D); timeseries.add(new Month(3, 2002), 137.3D); timeseries.add(new Month(4, 2002), 143.9D); timeseries.add(new Month(5, 2002), 139.8D); timeseries.add(new Month(6, 2002), 137D); timeseries.add(new Month(7, 2002), 132.8D); TimeSeries timeseries1 = new TimeSeries(”L&G UK Index Trust”,Month.class); timeseries1.add(new Month(2, 2001), 129.6D); timeseries1.add(new Month(3, 2001), 123.2D); timeseries1.add(new Month(4, 2001), 117.2D); timeseries1.add(new Month(5, 2001), 124.1D); timeseries1.add(new Month(6, 2001), 122.6D); timeseries1.add(new Month(7, 2001), 119.2D); timeseries1.add(new Month(8, 2001), 116.5D); timeseries1.add(new Month(9, 2001), 112.7D); timeseries1.add(new Month(10, 2001), 101.5D); timeseries1.add(new Month(11, 2001), 106.1D); timeseries1.add(new Month(12, 2001), 110.3D); timeseries1.add(new Month(1, 2002), 111.7D); timeseries1.add(new Month(2, 2002), 111D); timeseries1.add(new Month(3, 2002), 109.6D); timeseries1.add(new Month(4, 2002), 113.2D); timeseries1.add(new Month(5, 2002), 111.6D); timeseries1.add(new Month(6, 2002), 108.8D); timeseries1.add(new Month(7, 2002), 101.6D); TimeSeriesCollection timeseriescollection = new TimeSeriesCollection(); timeseriescollection.addSeries(timeseries); timeseriescollection.addSeries(timeseries1); timeseriescollection.setDomainIsPointsInTime(true); //domain轴上的刻度点代表的是时间点而不是时间段 return timeseriescollection; } 2、由ChartFactory 产生 JFreeChart 对象 private static JFreeChart createChart(XYDataset xydataset) { JFreeChart jfreechart = ChartFactory.createTimeSeriesChart(”Legal & General Unit Trust Prices”, “Date”, “Price Per Unit”, xydataset, true, true, false); jfreechart.setBackgroundPaint(Color.white); XYPlot xyplot = (XYPlot)jfreechart.getPlot(); //获得 plot : XYPlot!! xyplot.setBackgroundPaint(Color.lightGray); xyplot.setDomainGridlinePaint(Color.white); xyplot.setRangeGridlinePaint(Color.white); xyplot.setAxisOffset(new RectangleInsets(5D, 5D, 5D, 5D)); xyplot.setDomainCrosshairVisible(true); xyplot.setRangeCrosshairVisible(true); org.jfree.chart.renderer.xy.XYItemRenderer xyitemrenderer = xyplot.getRenderer(); if(xyitemrenderer instanceof XYLineAndShapeRenderer) { XYLineAndShapeRenderer xylineandshaperenderer = (XYLineAndShapeRenderer)xyitemrenderer; xylineandshaperenderer.setDefaultShapesVisible(true); //数据点可见 xylineandshaperenderer.setDefaultShapesFilled(true); //数据点是实心点 } DateAxis dateaxis = (DateAxis)xyplot.getDomainAxis(); //对domain 轴上日期显示格式定义 dateaxis.setDateFormatOverride(new SimpleDateFormat(”MMM-yyyy”)); return jfreechart; } 一些重要的方法: A、增加标记线: xyplot.addRangeMarker(new ValueMarker(550D)); //数值轴 Quarter quarter = new Quarter(2, 2002); xyplot.addDomainMarker(new ValueMarker(quarter.getMiddleMillisecond())); //时间轴 B、数据点的调整 XYLineAndShapeRenderer xylineandshaperenderer = (XYLineAndShapeRenderer)xyplot.getRenderer(); xylineandshaperenderer.setDefaultShapesVisible(true); //数据点可见 xylineandshaperenderer.setSeriesFillPaint(0, Color.red); //数据点填充为红色 xylineandshaperenderer.setSeriesFillPaint(1, Color.white); //数据点填充为白色 xylineandshaperenderer.setUseFillPaint(true); //应用 C、平均值曲线 这个曲线有什么用呢?很简单的例子,这里有一个以半年每天为单位的数据绘制的曲线,我们想看看以月为单位数据 的变化,这时就可以用到它了。 TimeSeries timeseries = createEURTimeSeries(); //就是以半年每天为单位的数据 TimeSeries timeseries1 = MovingAverage.createMovingAverage(timeseries, “30 day moving average”, 30, //30天为一个周期 30); //最开始的30天跳过 TimeSeriesCollection timeseriescollection = new TimeSeriesCollection(); timeseriescollection.addSeries(timeseries); timeseriescollection.addSeries(timeseries1); return timeseriescollection; 六、总结一下 dataset plot renderer 饼图 PieDataset(DefaultPieDataset) PiePlot —— 柱状图 CatagoryDataset(DefaultCategoryDataset) CategoryPlot BarRenderer 折线图 CatagoryDataset(DefaultCategoryDataset) CategoryPlot LineAndShapeRenderer XYDataset(XYSeriesCollection) XYPlot XYLineAndShapeRenderer 时间序列图 XYDataset (TimeSeriesCollection) XYPlot XYLineAndShapeRenderer 这里只是一些常用的方法,具体还是看API 七、Item Lable 这里以柱状图为例说明,具体来说就是在每个柱状上显示它的数据,具体有下面内容: A、使 Item Lable 可见 B、调整 Item Lable 的颜色、字体等 C、调整 Item Lable 的位置 D、定制 Item Lable 的内容 1、分配一个 Lable Generator 给 renderer BarRenderer barrenderer = (BarRenderer)categoryplot.getRenderer(); GategoryLableGenerator generator =new StandardGategoryLableGenerator( “{2}”, new DecimalFormat(”0.00″) //调整显示的数字和字符格式 ); barrenderer.setLableGenerator(generator); 2、使 Item Lable 可见 barrenderer.setItemLableVisible(true); 3、调整 Item Lable 的颜色、字体等 barrenderer.setItemLablePaint(Color.red); barrenderer.setItemLableFont(new Font(”SansSerif”,Font.PLAIN,10)); 4、调整 Item Lable 的位置 这里涉及到一个新的对象 ItemLablePosition , ItemLablePosition的构造函数有两个或四个参数 public ItemLabelPosition(ItemLabelAnchor itemLabelAnchor, org.jfree.ui.TextAnchor textAnchor, org.jfree.ui.TextAnchor rotationAnchor, double angle) itemLabelAnchor - Item Lable 的位置 (最重要的!!) textAnchor - Item Lable里包含的正文相对于Item Lable 的位置 rotationAnchor - Item Lable里包含的正文旋转的位置 angle - 旋转的角度 ItemLabelPosition itemlabelposition = new ItemLabelPosition(ItemLabelAnchor.INSIDE12, TextAnchor.CENTER_RIGHT, TextAnchor.CENTER_RIGHT, -1.57D); barrenderer.setPositiveItemLabelPosition(itemlabelposition); 这样就可以每个柱状上显示它的数据了,当然可以定制 Item Lable 的内容,比如 Item Lable text 超过100的才 显示,这样就需要定制自己的类,它要实现GategoryLableGenerator 接口,实现generateItemLable()方法 |