Java 网络编程 （UDP网络通信）

1.DatagramSocket类和DatagramPacket类实现了基于UDP协议的网络程序。

2.通过DatagramSocket数据报套接字发送和接收，DatagramPacket对象封装了UDP数据包，数据包中包含了发送端的IP和端口号以及目的ip和端口号

3.UDP协议中，每个数据包都给了完整的地址信息，因此无需建立发送方和接收方的连接

案例：

//接收端

package com.edu.udp;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;

/**
 * @author mtl121
 * @version 1.0
 * 接收端
 */
public class UDPReceiverA {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        //1. 创建一个 DatagramSocket 对象，准备在 9999 接收数据
        DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(9999);
        //2. 构建一个 DatagramPacket 对象，准备接收数据
        // 在前面讲解 UDP 协议时，老师说过一个数据包最大 64k
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(bytes, bytes.length);
        //3. 调用 接收方法, 将通过网络传输的 DatagramPacket 对象
        // 填充到 packet 对象
        //老师提示: 当有数据包发送到 本机的 9999 端口时，就会接收到数据
        // 如果没有数据包发送到 本机的 9999 端口, 就会阻塞等待
        System.out.println("接收端 A 等待接收数据..");
        datagramSocket.receive(packet);
        //4. 可以把 packet 进行拆包，取出数据，并显示.
        int length = packet.getLength();//实际接收到的数据字节长度
        byte[] data = packet.getData();//接收到数据

        String s = new String(data, 0, length);
        System.out.println(s);

        //发送数据
        byte[] data1 = "明天见".getBytes();
        DatagramPacket packet1 = new DatagramPacket(data1, data1.length, InetAddress.getLocalHost(), 8888);
        datagramSocket.send(packet1);

        datagramSocket.close();
        System.out.println("A退出");
    }
}

//发送端
package com.edu.udp;


import sun.nio.cs.ext.ISO2022_CN_CNS;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;

/**
 * @author mtl121
 * @version 1.0
 * 发送端
 */
public class UDPSenderB {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);

        byte[] data1 = "hello, 恰".getBytes();
        DatagramPacket packet1 = new DatagramPacket(data1, data1.length, InetAddress.getLocalHost(), 9999);
        socket.send(packet1);

        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(bytes, bytes.length);

        socket.receive(packet);

        int length = packet.getLength();
        byte[] data = packet.getData();
        System.out.println(new String(data, 0, length));


        socket.close();
        System.out.println("B退出");
    }
}

简版双方通信（聊天功能）

//Server

package com.edu.udp.home;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;

/**
 * @author mtl121
 * @version 1.0
 */
public class home_server {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);

        Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();

        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
        BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream()));
        String s = null;
        while((s = br.readLine()) != null) {
            if(s.equals("name")) {
                bw.write("我是sw");
                bw.newLine();
            } else if(s.equals("hobby")) {
                bw.write("学Java ");
                bw.newLine();
            } else {
                bw.write("你说啥呢");
                bw.newLine();
            }
            bw.flush();
        }
        socket.shutdownOutput();

        bw.close();
        br.close();
        socket.close();
    }
}

//Client

package com.edu.udp.home;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.Scanner;

/**
 * @author mtl121
 * @version 1.0
 */
public class home_client {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getLocalHost(), 9999);
        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
        BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream()));
        String content = "输入你的问题", s;
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println(content);
        while(sc.hasNext()) {
            String k = sc.next();
            if(k.equals("No")) break;
            bw.write(k);
            bw.newLine();
            bw.flush();
            s = br.readLine();
            System.out.println(s);
            System.out.println(content);
        }
        bw.close();
        br.close();
        socket.close();
    }
}

// CLIENT

package com.edu.udp.home;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.Scanner;

/**
 * @author mtl121
 * @version 1.0
 */
public class home_client {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getLocalHost(), 8888);
        BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream()));

        bw.write("高山流水");
        bw.newLine();
        bw.flush();//切记，通过flush将数据写入通道中，否则报错Cannot send after socket shutdown: socket write error。
        socket.shutdownOutput();

        BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
        BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("e:/mmg.png"));
        byte[] streamtoarray = StreanUtils.Streamtoarray(bis);
        bos.write(streamtoarray, 0, streamtoarray.length);
        bos.flush();


        System.out.println("👌");
        bos.close();
        bis.close();
        bw.close();
        socket.close();
    }
}

//Server


import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;

/**
 * @author mtl121
 * @version 1.0
 */
public class home_server {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8888);
        System.out.println("在监听。。。");
        Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();

        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
        String s = br.readLine();
        //发送图片的时候一定要保证路径下有资源，否则发送空资源导致，接收端报错：Connection reset
        BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream("src/g.png" ));
        byte[] bytes = StreanUtils.Streamtoarray(bis);

//        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
        bos.write(bytes,0,  bytes.length);
        socket.shutdownOutput();

        bos.close();
        bis.close();
        br.close();
        socket.close();
        serverSocket.close();
    }
}