mysql练习

本文通过一系列SQL查询实例,展示了如何从学生、课程、教师和成绩表中获取各种信息,如对比课程成绩、查询特定教师的学生、计算平均分、查找未选修特定课程的学生、统计各科成绩分布等。这些查询涵盖了基本的联接操作、聚合函数、子查询、窗口函数和条件过滤,对于理解和应用SQL语言具有很好的实践价值。
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建表sql

CREATE TABLE `Student`(
                          `s_id` VARCHAR(20),
                          `s_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
                          `s_birth` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
                          `s_sex` VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
                          PRIMARY KEY(`s_id`)
);
-- 课程表
CREATE TABLE `Course`(
                         `c_id`  VARCHAR(20),
                         `c_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
                         `t_id` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
                         PRIMARY KEY(`c_id`)
);
--  教师表
CREATE TABLE `Teacher`(
                          `t_id` VARCHAR(20),
                          `t_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
                          PRIMARY KEY(`t_id`)
);
-- 成绩表
CREATE TABLE `Score`(
                        `s_id` VARCHAR(20),
                        `c_id`  VARCHAR(20),
                        `s_score` INT(3),
                        PRIMARY KEY(`s_id`,`c_id`)
);
-- 插入学生表测试数据
insert into Student values('01' , '赵雷' , '1990-01-01' , '男');
insert into Student values('02' , '钱电' , '1990-12-21' , '男');
insert into Student values('03' , '孙风' , '1990-05-20' , '男');
insert into Student values('04' , '李云' , '1990-08-06' , '男');
insert into Student values('05' , '周梅' , '1991-12-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('06' , '吴兰' , '1992-03-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('07' , '郑竹' , '1989-07-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('08' , '王菊' , '1990-01-20' , '女');
-- 课程表测试数据
insert into Course values('01' , '语文' , '02');
insert into Course values('02' , '数学' , '01');
insert into Course values('03' , '英语' , '03');

-- 教师表测试数据
insert into Teacher values('01' , '张三');
insert into Teacher values('02' , '李四');
insert into Teacher values('03' , '王五');

-- 成绩表测试数据
insert into Score values('01' , '01' , 80);
insert into Score values('01' , '02' , 90);
insert into Score values('01' , '03' , 99);
insert into Score values('02' , '01' , 70);
insert into Score values('02' , '02' , 60);
insert into Score values('02' , '03' , 80);
insert into Score values('03' , '01' , 80);
insert into Score values('03' , '02' , 80);
insert into Score values('03' , '03' , 80);
insert into Score values('04' , '01' , 50);
insert into Score values('04' , '02' , 30);
insert into Score values('04' , '03' , 20);
insert into Score values('05' , '01' , 76);
insert into Score values('05' , '02' , 87);
insert into Score values('06' , '01' , 31);
insert into Score values('06' , '03' , 34);
insert into Score values('07' , '02' , 89);
insert into Score values('07' , '03' , 98);

练习题



# todo 第一题
-- 1、查询"01"课程比"02"课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数

select stu.*, sc1.s_score as 01_score, sc2.s_score as 02_score
from student stu
         join score sc1 on stu.s_id = sc1.s_id
         left join score sc2 on stu.s_id = sc2.s_id
where sc1.c_id = '01'
  and sc2.c_id = '02'
  and sc1.s_score > sc2.s_score;

# todo 第二题 查询"01"课程比"02"课程成绩低(或者高)的学生的信息及课程分数
select stu.s_id, stu.s_name, ROUND(AVG(sc.s_score), 2) as avg_score
from student stu
         join score sc on stu.s_id = sc.s_id
GROUP BY stu.s_id, stu.s_name
HAVING avg_score >= 60;

# todo 第三题 查询平均成绩小于60分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩(包括有成绩的和无成绩的)
select stu.s_id, stu.s_name, ROUND(AVG(a.s_score), 2) as avg_score
from student stu
         left join score a on stu.s_id = a.s_id
GROUP BY stu.s_id, stu.s_name
HAVING avg_score < 60
union
select stu.s_id, stu.s_name, 0 as avg_score
from student stu
where stu.s_id not in (
    select distinct s_id
    from score);

# todo 第四题 查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩
select stu.s_id, s_name, sum(c_id), sum(s_score)
from student stu
         left join score sc on stu.s_id = sc.s_id
group by stu.s_id, s_name;

# todo 第五题 查询"李"姓老师的数量
select count(t_id) as teacher_num from teacher where t_name like '李%';

# todo 查询学过"张三"老师授课的同学的信息
explain select stu.s_id, s_name
from teacher
         left join course cou on teacher.t_id = cou.t_id
         join score sc on cou.c_id = sc.c_id
         join student stu on sc.s_id = stu.s_id
where t_name = '张三';
-- 下面好像更加直观一点,反推
explain select stu.*
from student stu
         join score sc on stu.s_id = sc.s_id
where sc.c_id in (
    select c_id from course where t_id = (
        select t_id from teacher where t_name = '张三'));

# todo 查询没学过"张三"老师授课的同学的信息
 explain select student.* from student where s_id not in (
    select stu.s_id
    from teacher
             left join course cou on teacher.t_id = cou.t_id
             join score sc on cou.c_id = sc.c_id
             join student stu on sc.s_id = stu.s_id
    where t_name = '张三');

# todo 查询学过编号为"01"并且也学过编号为"02"的课程的同学的信息

select stu.*
from student stu
         join score s on stu.s_id = s.s_id
         join score c on stu.s_id=c.s_id
where s.c_id = '01'
  and c.c_id = '02';

# todo 查询学过编号为"01"但是没有学过编号为"02"的课程的同学的信息
select stu.*
from student stu
where stu.s_id in (select s_id from score where c_id = '01')
  and stu.s_id not in (select s_id from score where c_id = '02');

# todo 查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息
explain select s.* from student s
                    left join Score s1 on s1.s_id=s.s_id
group by s.s_id having count(s1.c_id)<(select count(*) from course);

select *
from student
where s_id not in(
    select s_id from score t1
    group by s_id having count(*) =(select count(distinct c_id)  from course));

explain select *
from student
where s_id not in (
    select stu.s_id
    from student stu
             join score sc1 on stu.s_id = sc1.s_id
             join score sc2 on stu.s_id = sc2.s_id
             join score sc3 on stu.s_id = sc3.s_id
    where sc1.c_id = '01'
      and sc2.c_id = '02'
      and sc3.c_id = '03');


# todo 12、查询至少有一门课与学号为"01"的同学所学相同的同学的信息
select *
from student
where s_id in (
    select distinct sc.s_id
    from score sc
    where sc.c_id in (select sc.c_id from score a where sc.s_id = '01'));

# todo 13、查询和"01"号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学的信息
# 他的。第一种写法:这个做法是,1-先找到与01同学学习课程数相同的人。 2-找到 01同学没有学过课的同学。得到后。 3-拿第一步的集合排除 第二步的人。感觉这样做比较繁琐了。
SELECT
    Student.*
FROM
    Student
WHERE
        s_id IN (SELECT s_id FROM Score GROUP BY s_id HAVING COUNT(s_id) = (
        #下面的语句是找到'01'同学学习的课程数
        SELECT COUNT(c_id) FROM Score WHERE s_id = '01'
    )
    )
  AND s_id NOT IN (
    #下面的语句是找到学过‘01’同学没学过的课程,有哪些同学。并排除他们
    SELECT s_id FROM Score
    WHERE c_id IN(
        #下面的语句是找到‘01’同学没学过的课程
        SELECT DISTINCT c_id FROM Score
        WHERE c_id NOT IN (
            #下面的语句是找出‘01’同学学习的课程
            SELECT c_id FROM Score WHERE s_id = '01'
        )
    ) GROUP BY s_id
) #下面的条件是排除01同学
  AND s_id NOT IN ('01');

# 第二种写法: 把01学生学的课程,拼接为字符串,与各个学生拼接的字符串进行比较
SELECT t3.*
FROM (
         SELECT s_id,
                group_concat(c_id ORDER BY c_id) group1
         FROM score
         WHERE s_id > '01'
         GROUP BY s_id
     ) t1
         INNER JOIN (
    SELECT group_concat(c_id ORDER BY c_id) group2
    FROM score
    WHERE s_id = '01'
    GROUP BY s_id
) t2 ON t1.group1 = t2.group2
         INNER JOIN student t3 ON t1.s_id = t3.s_id;
# todo 14、查询没学过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名
# 14-用我的。子查询方式。1-先根据名称找到老师教授的课id,2-根据课id,找到学课的人。3-排除这些人
select student.s_name
from student
where s_id not in (
    select s_id
    from score where c_id in (
        select c_id
        from teacher tea join course c on tea.t_id = c.t_id where t_name = '张三'));

# todo 15、查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号,姓名及其平均成绩
# sql 执行顺序很重要。比如:下面这个,avg函数真正生效。要不然计算的就是,全部的平均值
select stu.s_id, stu.s_name,ROUND(AVG(b.s_score))from
    student stu
        left join score b on stu.s_id = b.s_id
where stu.s_id in (
    select s_id from score where s_score<60 GROUP BY  s_id having count(1)>=2)
GROUP BY stu.s_id, stu.s_name;

# todo 16 检索"01"课程分数小于60,按分数降序排列的学生信息
select a.*,b.c_id,b.s_score from student a,
                                 score b
where a.s_id = b.s_id
  and b.c_id = '01'
  and b.s_score < 60
ORDER BY b.s_score DESC;
# todo 17 按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩
# 我要做的话,可能在java实现。分开做。一个是查所有课程的,一个查平均成绩的。然后在java中处理

select a.s_id,(select s_score from score where s_id=a.s_id and c_id='01') as 语文,
       (select s_score from score where s_id=a.s_id and c_id='02') as 数学,
       (select s_score from score where s_id=a.s_id and c_id='03') as 英语,
       round(avg(s_score),2) as 平均分 from score a  GROUP BY a.s_id ORDER BY 平均分 DESC;

SELECT a.s_id,MAX(CASE a.c_id WHEN '01' THEN a.s_score END ) 语文,
       MAX(CASE a.c_id WHEN '02' THEN a.s_score END ) 数学,
       MAX(CASE a.c_id WHEN '03' THEN a.s_score END ) 英语,
       avg(a.s_score),b.s_name FROM Score a JOIN Student b ON a.s_id=b.s_id GROUP BY a.s_id ORDER BY 5 DESC# todo 18.查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分:以如下形式显示:课程ID,课程name,最高分,最低分,平均分,及格率,中等率,优良率,优秀率
# --及格为>=60,中等为:70-80,优良为:80-90,优秀为:>=90
select a.c_id,b.c_name,MAX(s_score),MIN(s_score),ROUND(AVG(s_score),2),
       ROUND(100*(SUM(case when a.s_score>=60 then 1 else 0 end)/SUM(case when a.s_score then 1 else 0 end)),2) as 及格率,
       ROUND(100*(SUM(case when a.s_score>=70 and a.s_score<=80 then 1 else 0 end)/SUM(case when a.s_score then 1 else 0 end)),2) as 中等率,
       ROUND(100*(SUM(case when a.s_score>=80 and a.s_score<=90 then 1 else 0 end)/SUM(case when a.s_score then 1 else 0 end)),2) as 优良率,
       ROUND(100*(SUM(case when a.s_score>=90 then 1 else 0 end)/SUM(case when a.s_score then 1 else 0 end)),2) as 优秀率
from score a left join course b on a.c_id = b.c_id GROUP BY a.c_id,b.c_name;

# todo 19、按各科成绩进行排序,并显示排名
# mysql 没有rank 函数
select a.s_id,a.c_id,
       @i:=@i +1 as i保留排名,
       @k:=(case when @score=a.s_score then @k else @i end) as rank不保留排名,
       @score:=a.s_score as score
from (
         select s_id,c_id,s_score from score GROUP BY s_id,c_id,s_score ORDER BY s_score DESC
     )a,(select @k:=0,@i:=0,@score:=0)s;

# todo 20、查询学生的总成绩并进行排名
# 我做的话,应该是从java层面做。要是学生很多呢。比如几百万。比如高考。相同成绩的,按语文,数学,英语 成绩排名(三种相同的,相同排名)。
select a.s_id,
       @i:=@i+1 as i,
       @k:=(case when @score=a.sum_score then @k else @i end) as rank,
	@score:=a.sum_score as score
from (select s_id,SUM(s_score) as sum_score from score GROUP BY s_id ORDER BY sum_score DESC)a,
    (select @k:=0,@i:=0,@score:=0)s;
# todo 21、查询不同老师所教不同课程平均分从高到低显示

select teacher.t_id, s.c_id, avg(s_score) as avg
from teacher
         left join course c on teacher.t_id = c.t_id
         left join score s on c.c_id = s.c_id
group by c.c_id
order by avg desc;

# todo 22、查询所有课程的成绩第2名到第3名的学生信息及该课程成绩


select d.*, c.排名, c.s_score, c.c_id
from (
         select a.s_id, a.s_score, a.c_id, @i := @i + 1 as 排名
         from score a,
              (select @i := 0) s
         where a.c_id = '01'
         ORDER BY a.s_score DESC
     ) c
         left join student d on c.s_id = d.s_id
where 排名 BETWEEN 2 AND 3
UNION
select d.*, c.排名, c.s_score, c.c_id
from (
         select a.s_id, a.s_score, a.c_id, @j := @j + 1 as 排名
         from score a,
              (select @j := 0) s
         where a.c_id = '02'
         ORDER BY a.s_score DESC
     ) c
         left join student d on c.s_id = d.s_id
where 排名 BETWEEN 2 AND 3
UNION
select d.*, c.排名, c.s_score, c.c_id
from (
         select a.s_id, a.s_score, a.c_id, @k := @k + 1 as 排名
         from score a,
              (select @k := 0) s
         where a.c_id = '03'
         ORDER BY a.s_score DESC
     ) c
         left join student d on c.s_id = d.s_id
where 排名 BETWEEN 2 AND 3;

# todo 23、统计各科成绩各分数段人数:课程编号,课程名称,[100-85],[85-70],[70-60],[0-60]及所占百分比
select distinct f.c_name,
                a.c_id,
                b.`85-100`,
                b.百分比,
                c.`70-85`,
                c.百分比,
                d.`60-70`,
                d.百分比,
                e.`0-60`,
                e.百分比
from score a
         left join (select c_id,
                           SUM(case when s_score > 85 and s_score <= 100 then 1 else 0 end) as `85-100`,
                           ROUND(100 * (SUM(case when s_score > 85 and s_score <= 100 then 1 else 0 end) / count(*)),
                                 2)                                                         as 百分比
                    from score
                    GROUP BY c_id) b on a.c_id = b.c_id
         left join (select c_id,
                           SUM(case when s_score > 70 and s_score <= 85 then 1 else 0 end) as `70-85`,
                           ROUND(100 * (SUM(case when s_score > 70 and s_score <= 85 then 1 else 0 end) / count(*)),
                                 2)                                                        as 百分比
                    from score
                    GROUP BY c_id) c on a.c_id = c.c_id
         left join (select c_id,
                           SUM(case when s_score > 60 and s_score <= 70 then 1 else 0 end) as `60-70`,
                           ROUND(100 * (SUM(case when s_score > 60 and s_score <= 70 then 1 else 0 end) / count(*)),
                                 2)                                                        as 百分比
                    from score
                    GROUP BY c_id) d on a.c_id = d.c_id
         left join (select c_id,
                           SUM(case when s_score >= 0 and s_score <= 60 then 1 else 0 end) as `0-60`,
                           ROUND(100 * (SUM(case when s_score >= 0 and s_score <= 60 then 1 else 0 end) / count(*)),
                                 2)                                                        as 百分比
                    from score
                    GROUP BY c_id) e on a.c_id = e.c_id
         left join course f on a.c_id = f.c_id;

# todo 24、查询学生平均成绩及其名次
select a.s_id,
       @i:=@i+1 as '不保留空缺排名',
       @k:=(case when @avg_score=a.avg_s then @k else @i end) as '保留空缺排名',
       @avg_score:=avg_s as '平均分'
from (select s_id,ROUND(AVG(s_score),2) as avg_s from score GROUP BY s_id ORDER BY avg_s DESC)a,(select @avg_score:=0,@i:=0,@k:=0)b;
# 这是我写的,然后在java层面去处理,排名
select student.s_id,s_name,avg(s_score) as avg from student left join score s on student.s_id = s.s_id
 group by s_id order by avg desc ;

# todo 25、查询各科成绩前三名的记录
-- 1.选出b表比a表成绩大的所有组
-- 2.选出比当前id成绩大的 小于三个的
select sc1.s_id, sc1.c_id, sc1.s_score
from score sc1
         left join score sc2 on sc1.c_id = sc2.c_id and sc1.s_score < sc2.s_score
group by sc1.s_id, sc1.c_id, sc1.s_score
HAVING COUNT(sc2.s_id) < 3
ORDER BY sc1.c_id, sc1.s_score DESC;

# todo  26、查询每门课程被选修的学生数
select c_id,count(s_id) from score group by score.c_id;

# todo 27、查询出只有两门课程的全部学生的学号和姓名
select s_id,s_name from student where s_id in(
    select s_id from score GROUP BY s_id HAVING COUNT(c_id)=2);
# todo 28、查询男生、女生人数
select s_sex,COUNT(s_sex) as 人数  from student GROUP BY s_sex;

# todo 29、查询名字中含有"风"字的学生信息
select * from student where s_name like '%风%';

# todo 30 查询同名同性学生名单,并统计同名人数

select stu1.s_name, stu1.s_sex, count(*)
from student stu1
         JOIN
     student stu2 on stu1.s_id != stu2.s_id and stu1.s_name = stu2.s_name and stu1.s_sex = stu2.s_sex
GROUP BY stu1.s_name, stu1.s_sex;

# todo  31、查询1990年出生的学生名单
select student.* from student where substr(s_birth from 1 for 4) ='1990';
select s_name from student where s_birth like '1990%';

# todo 32、查询每门课程的平均成绩,结果按平均成绩降序排列,平均成绩相同时,按课程编号升序排列
select c_id,ROUND(AVG(s_score),2) as avg_score from score GROUP BY c_id ORDER BY avg_score DESC,c_id ASC;

# todo 33、查询平均成绩大于等于85的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩

-- 子查询形式
explain select student.* from student where s_id in (
    select s_id from score group by s_id having avg(s_score)>85
    );
explain select a.s_id, b.s_name, ROUND(avg(a.s_score), 2) as avg_score
from score a
         left join student b on a.s_id = b.s_id
GROUP BY s_id
HAVING avg_score >= 85;

# todo 34、查询课程名称为"数学",且分数低于60的学生姓名和分数
explain select s.s_id,s_name,s_score from student left join score s on student.s_id = s.s_id where s_score<60 and c_id=(
    select c_id from course where c_name='数学'
    );
explain select s.s_id,s_name,s_score from course left join score s on course.c_id = s.c_id left join student s2 on s.s_id = s2.s_id where c_name ='数学' and s_score<60;

# todo 35、查询所有学生的课程及分数情况;

select a.s_id,a.s_name,
       SUM(case c.c_name when '语文' then b.s_score else 0 end) as '语文',
       SUM(case c.c_name when '数学' then b.s_score else 0 end) as '数学',
       SUM(case c.c_name when '英语' then b.s_score else 0 end) as '英语',
       SUM(b.s_score) as  '总分'
from student a left join score b on a.s_id = b.s_id
               left join course c on b.c_id = c.c_id
GROUP BY a.s_id,a.s_name;

# todo  36、查询任何一门课程成绩在70分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数;
select score.s_id from score where s_score>70;
explain select s.s_id, s_name, c_name, s_score
from score
         left join course c on score.c_id = c.c_id
         left join student s on score.s_id = s.s_id
where s_score > 70;

# todo 37、查询考不及格的学生名称,课程名称,对应成绩

select a.s_id, a.c_id, b.c_name, a.s_score
from score a
    left join course b on a.c_id = b.c_id
where a.s_score < 60;

# todo 38、查询课程编号为01且课程成绩在80分以上的学生的学号和姓名;
explain select s.s_id, s_name, s_score
from score
         left join student s on score.s_id = s.s_id
where c_id = 01
  and s_score >= 80;

# todo 39、求每门课程的学生人数
select count(*) from score GROUP BY c_id;
# todo 40 查询选修"张三"老师所授课程的学生中,成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩
-- max不太合理,可能有相同最高分
select s_id, c_id, max(s_score)
from score
where c_id in (select c_id
               from teacher
                        left join course c on teacher.t_id = c.t_id
               where t_name = '张三');
# todo 41、查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学生编号、课程编号、学生成绩

select DISTINCT b.s_id,b.c_id,b.s_score from score a,score b where a.c_id != b.c_id and a.s_score = b.s_score;

# todo 42、查询每门课程成绩最好的前两名

select a.s_id, a.c_id, a.s_score
from score a
where (select COUNT(1) from score b where b.c_id = a.c_id and b.s_score >= a.s_score) <= 2
ORDER BY a.c_id;
# todo  43、统计每门课程的学生选修人数(超过5人的课程才统计)。要求输出课程号和选修人数,查询结果按人数降序排列,若人数相同,按课程号升序排列
select c_id, count(*) as sum
from score
group by c_id
having sum > 5
order by sum desc, c_id asc;

# todo 44、检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号
select s_id,count(*) from score group by s_id having count(*)>2;
# todo 45、查询选修了全部课程的学生信息

explain
select s.s_id, s_name
from score
         left join student s on score.s_id = s.s_id
group by s_id
having count(*) = (select COUNT(1) from course);

# todo -46、查询各学生的年龄  按照出生日期来算,当前月日 < 出生年月的月日则,年龄减一
-- 这个更加贴近题目
explain SELECT s_id,  TIMESTAMPDIFF(YEAR, s_birth, CURDATE()) as old from student order by s_id;
SELECT s_id,ROUND(DATEDIFF(CURDATE(), s_birth)/365.2422) as year from student order by s_id;

# todo 47、查询本周过生日的学生
select * from student where WEEK(DATE_FORMAT(NOW(),'%Y%m%d'))=WEEK(s_birth);
select * from student where YEARWEEK(s_birth)=YEARWEEK(DATE_FORMAT(NOW(),'%Y%m%d'));

select WEEK(DATE_FORMAT(NOW(),'%Y%m%d'));

-- 48、查询下周过生日的学生
select * from student where WEEK(DATE_FORMAT(NOW(),'%Y%m%d'))+1 =WEEK(s_birth);

-- 49、查询本月过生日的学生

select * from student where MONTH(DATE_FORMAT(NOW(),'%Y%m%d')) =MONTH(s_birth);

-- 50、查询下月过生日的学生
select * from student where MONTH(DATE_FORMAT(NOW(),'%Y%m%d'))+1 =MONTH(s_birth);



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