学习python的第六天

提示别人

对于raw_input，还可以在括号里写入想要提示用户的字符串。如下所示：

Y = raw_input(“Name ?”)

括号中的Name?用来提示用户，然后将用户输入的结果赋值给变量Y。

练习部分

age = raw_input("How old are you? ")
height = raw_input("How tall are you? ")
weight = raw_input("How much do you weigh? ")

print "So, you're %r old, %r tall and %r heavy." % (age, height, weight)

加分习题

1.在交互式界面下输入help(raw_input)的提示：

Help on built-in function raw_input in module __builtin__:

raw_input(...)
    raw_input([prompt]) -> string

    Read a string from standard input.  The trailing newline is stripped.
    If the user hits EOF (Unix: Ctl-D, Windows: Ctl-Z+Return), raise EOFError.
    On Unix, GNU readline is used if enabled.  The prompt string, if given, is printed without a trailing newline before reading.

2.

open: Open a file, returning an object of the file type described in section File Objects. If the file cannot be opened, IOError is raised. When opening a file, it’s preferable to use open() instead of invoking the file constructor directly.

file: Constructor function for the file type, described further in section File Objects. The constructor’s arguments are the same as those of the open() built-in function described below.

os: Miscellaneous operating system interfaces.

sys: System-specific parameters and functions.

参数、解包、变量

练习部分

from sys import argv

script, first, second, third = argv 

print "The script is called: ", script
print "Your first variable is:", first
print "Your second variable is:", second
print "Your third variable is:", third

• 第一行的import语句的作用是将python的库（模组）引入你的脚本，用一个引用一个，既保证了程序的精简，而且在别的程序员看到的时候就很明了，知道你用了哪些库。
• 第二行的argv是“参数变量”，是一个标准的编程术语，这个变量包包含了你传递给python的参数。
• 第三行将argv解包（unpack），意思就是把argv中的东西解包，将所有的参数依次赋予左边的变量名。

但是如果这么写代码会报错：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\ex13.py", line 3, in <module>
    script, first, second, third = argv
ValueError: need more than 1 value to unpack

因为提供的参数个数不对，错误信息是告诉我参数数量不足。所以我把代码改成了如下样子：

from sys import argv

first = raw_input("FName: ")
second = raw_input("SName: ")
third = raw_input("TName: ")

script, first, second, third = argv, first, second, third

print "The script is called: ", script
print "Your first variable is:", first
print "Your second variable is:", second
print "Your third variable is:", third

这样既保证了参数的数量完整，也可以从用户手上获取更多的输入。