目录
引言
通常情况下,一个 Tomcat 站点由于可能出现单点故障及无法应付过多客户复杂多样的请求等情况, 而使用Nginx 服务器作为后端网站的反向代理及负载均衡器,可以提升整个站点的负载并发能力
一.项目部署
1.nginx部署
systemctl stop firewalld
setenforce 0
#安装所需开发包和编译环境、编译器
yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel gcc gcc-c++ make
#创建程序用户
useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
#解压安装包
cd /opt
tar zxvf nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz -C /opt/
#指定安装路径、指定用户名、组名、启用模块以支持统计状态
cd nginx-1.12.0/
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-file-aio \ #启用文件修改支持
--with-http_stub_status_module \ #启用状态统计
--with-http_gzip_static_module \ #启用 gzip静态压缩
--with-http_flv_module \ #启用 flv模块,提供对 flv 视频的伪流支持
--with-http_ssl_module #启用 SSL模块,提供SSL加密功能
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-file-aio --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_flv_module
#编译及安装
make && make install
#软链接便于系统识别nginx操作命令
ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin/
#添加nginx系统服务
vim /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
[Unit]
Description=nginx
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecrReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
ExecrStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
#赋权及开启服务、开启开机自启
chmod 754 /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
systemctl start nginx.service
systemctl enable nginx.service
2.tomcat部署
#!/bin/bash
#关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
setenforce 0
#安装JDK
cd /opt
rpm -qpl jdk-8u201-linux-x64.rpm
rpm -ivh jdk-8u201-linux-x64.rpm
java -version
#设置JDK环境变量
echo 'export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_201-amd64
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/java.sh
source /etc/profile
#安装启动Tomcat
cd /opt
tar zxvf apache-tomcat-9.0.16.tar.gz
mv apache-tomcat-9.0.16 /usr/local/tomcat
/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
3.动静分离
Tomcat1 server 配置
mkdir /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ab
vim /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ab/index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<html>
<head>
<title>JSP test1 page</title>
</head>
<body>
<% out.println("进来玩会呗?");%>
</body>
</html>
vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml
---------------72行添加---------------
<Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true" xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false">
<Context docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ab" path="" reloadable="true">
</Context>
</Host>
/usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
Tomcat2 server 配置
mkdir /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ab
vim /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ab/index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<html>
<head>
<title>JSP test1 page</title>
</head>
<body>
<% out.println("进来玩会呗?");%>
</body>
</html>
vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml
---------------72行添加---------------
<Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true" xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false">
<Context docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ab" path="" reloadable="true">
</Context>
</Host>
/usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
Nginx server 配置
#准备静态页面和静态图片
echo '<html><body><h1>大爷</h1></body></html>' > /usr/local/nginx/html/index.html
mkdir /usr/local/nginx/html/xxx
cp /root/lue.jpg /usr/local/nginx/html/xxx
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
......
http {
......
#gzip on;
#配置负载均衡的服务器列表,weight参数表示权重,权重越高,被分配到的概率越大
upstream tomcat_server {
server 192.168.29.133:8080 weight=1;
server 192.168.29.151:8080 weight=1;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.ab.com;
charset utf-8;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
#配置Nginx处理动态页面请求,将 .jsp文件请求转发到Tomcat 服务器处理
location ~ .*\.jsp$ {
proxy_pass http://tomcat_server;
#设置后端的Web服务器可以获取远程客户端的真实IP
#设定后端的Web服务器接收到的请求访问的主机名(域名或IP、端口),默认host的值为proxy_pass指令设置的主机名
proxy_set_header HOST $host;
#把$remote_addr赋值给X-Real-IP,来获取源IP
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
#在nginx 作为代理服务器时,设置的IP列表,会把经过的机器ip,代理机器ip都记录下来
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
#配置Nginx处理静态图片请求
location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|css)$ {
root /usr/local/nginx/html/xxx;
expires 10d;
}
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
......
}
......
}
systemctl restart nginx.service
总结:
- 使用Nginx 服务器作为后端网站的反向代理及负载均衡器,可以提升整个站点的负载并发能力